Education in Saskatchewan

Caswell Public Elementary School
City Park Collegiate Institute
SIAST Kelsey
Thorvaldson building University of Saskatchewan

Education in Saskatchewan, Canada, teaches a curriculum of learning set out by the Government of Saskatchewan through the Ministry of Education. The curriculum sets out to develop skills, knowledge and understanding to improve the quality of life. On June 22, 1915, Hon. Walter Scott, Premier and Minister of Education, set out as his mandate the "purpose of procuring for the children of Saskatchewan a better education and an education of greater service and utility to meet the conditions of the chief industry in the Province, which is agriculture”.[1] Education facilitates the cultural and regional socialization of an individual through the realisation of their self-potential and latent talents. Historically, the region of Saskatchewan needed successful homesteaders so the focus was to develop a unified language for successful economic trading, and agricultural understanding to develop goods, livestock and cash crops to trade.[2] After the mechanized advancements following the industrial revolution and World War II, the primary employment agriculture sector of farming was not as labour-intensive. Individuals focused on secondary industries such as manufacturing and construction, as well as tertiary employment like transportation, trade, finance and services. Schools became technologically more advanced and adapted to supply resources for this growing demand and change of focus.[3]

Education in Saskatchewan is generally divided as Elementary (primary school, public school), followed by Secondary (high school) and Post-secondary (university, college). Within the province under the Ministry of Education, there are district school boards administering the educational programs.[4]

History

The history of education in this region, North West Territories, began officially in 1885 with Territorial Ordinance #5.[5] North West Territorial Schools Districts or One Room School Houses replaced trading post schooling, missionary schools and private schooling of the past. Moose Jaw School District #1 was formally established December 5, 1884 under the new Board of Education. The 1944 School Act set out to establish larger consolidated schools and the formation of the schools and school districts presently in use.[5] As with any Canadian province, the Saskatchewan Legislature has almost exclusive authority to make laws respecting education. Since 1905, the Legislature has used this capacity to continue the model of locally elected public and separate school boards which originated before 1905, as well as to create and/or regulate universities, colleges, technical institutions and other educational forms and institutions (public charter schools, private schools, home schooling). For historians and genealogists, previous school district records have been submitted to the Saskatchewan Provincial Archives Regina Branch.[6]

Pre-school

Pre-school in Saskatchewan is relatively unregulated, and is not compulsory. The first exposure many children have to learning with others outside of traditional parenting is day care or a parent run playgroup. This sort of activity is not generally considered "schooling". Pre-school education is separate from primary school. Pre-schools are usually run by local councils, community groups or private organisations. Pre-school is offered to three- to five-year-olds, although voluntary attendance numbers vary widely. The year before a child is due to attend primary school is the main year for pre-school education. This year is far more commonly attended, and usually takes the form of a few hours of activity five days a week.

Primary and secondary education

Schools providing primary education are more often referred to as elementary schools or grade schools. Primary and secondary education under the header of K-12 education (K is for kindergarten, 12 is for grade 12). A system of grades is used to describe the various stages of education. Grades are generally known by cardinal number, e.g., grade 12.

Typically, primary education is provided in schools, where the child will stay in steadily advancing classes until they complete it and move on to secondary schooling. Children are usually placed in classes with one teacher who will be primarily responsible for their education and welfare for that year. This teacher may be assisted to varying degrees by specialist teachers in certain subject areas, often music or physical education. The continuity with a single teacher and the opportunity to build up a close relationship with the class is a notable feature of the primary education system. Pursuant to The Education Act, school attendance is compulsory for children between the ages of 7 and 16 years. In addition, schooling is provided to anyone between the ages of 6 to 21 years. Both primary and secondary education are free.

High school, secondary school, école secondaire, collegiate institute generally begin from grade 9 through 12 and education is compulsory between the ages of 7 and 16 years according to Saskatchewan’s Education Act, 1995 Section 149.[7] However, anyone between the ages of 6 to 21 years "has the right",

In most cases the elementary school ends at grade eight, and high school provides grades nine through twelve, however there are some exceptions where there is a middle school provided.

From 1889 to 1920s the school class organisation was for elementary levels; Standard I, II, III, IV and V; followed by secondary school beginning at Standard VI. Standard X corresponded to a junior or Class 3 provincial certificate, Standard XI would give a Middle, Class 2 provincial certificate, and finally Standard XII would result in a Senior, Class 1 provincial certificate. A level of attainment of at least Class 3 Standard was needed to teach during this time.[11]

Normal ages

Organization of classes
Level Division Grade
Primary Division I Grades one, two, and three
Intermediate Division II Grades four, five, and six
Junior high school Division III Grades seven, eight and nine
Senior High School or collegiate institute Division IV Grades ten, eleven and twelve

Primary

Secondary

Saskatchewan school divisions

During the era of one room school houses, school districts numbered over 5,000 with the attendant administrative costs. Following the 1944 School Act and 1945 Larger School Unit Act Saskatchewan began larger school consolidation. The one room school house district began to close down in favour of the larger, technologically advanced consolidated school in the neighboring urban centre.[12]

Now there are 28 school divisions and 3 geographical regions. Each school region has a Regional Director, Regional Superintendent of Curriculum and Instruction, Regional Superintendent of Children's Services and Office Manager. Each school division will have a Board Chair, Director and Secretary-Treasurer. These are the administrative branches which oversee the provision of the physical school building, staffing and also implement the policies and curricula set out by the Government of Saskatchewan Ministry of Education. Each school division administers a number of regional schools.[13] There are four main school board division designations.

[14][15]

See also

Electives

There are core subjects at secondary level which are mandatory, and those which are classified as electives. Regular, Fransaskois, and Bilingual curricula all face their own required courses or credits.[16] Electives may be in the fields of:

[17]

Post-secondary education, higher education and academia

Post-secondary education could be trade or technical training which could be obtained via a vocational school, or university degree programs. First nations make up over 53% of total post secondary students currently enrolled in Saskatchewan.

Vocational education and training colleges

There are several and various institutions of higher learning across the province, which can be categorized as follows:

See also

Universities

University of Saskatchewan

In some courses, honours is awarded on the basis of performance throughout the course (usually in 4yr+ courses), but normally honours consists of undertaking a year of research (like a short thesis or masters by research). If honours is undertaken as an extra year it is known as an honours degree rather than a degree with honours.

Some Saskatchewan University colleges are :

See also

Teaching

Missionaries and trading post schools provided the first formal educational process. The first immigrants of the late 19th century and early 20th century established log house schools, or classrooms in homes and a settler with some education from the home country would offer to be the teacher. Normal school offered teacher training and were established as early as 1891 but no enrolment for that year. Until local training was completed and there were graduates, some teachers immigrated from eastern Canada and Europe to teach at the early one room school houses. Teachers from the 1880s through to 1940s taught in one room school houses which offered grades 1 through 8, and, where needed, also grades 9 through 12 with classroom sizes varying from 10 through to 40 students. Early residents could teach for a short time as permit teachers if there was a shortage of qualified teachers with a level of attainment of a Class 3 provincial certificate (also called Standard X, or Junior. World War I saw a shortage of teachers as women started to work to support families, and men supported the war effort and fought in an overseas theatre of war. The 1920s and 1930s saw many students educated as teachers.[21][22] Teachers are members of the Saskatchewan Teachers' Federation, an organization created in 1933. An Act Respecting the Teaching Profession of 1935 gives the group statutory recognition to support teachers and the teaching profession.[23]

Additional options for gifted students

See also List of gifted and talented programmes#Canada

Gifted education is a broad term for special practices, procedures and theories used in the education of children who have been identified as gifted or talented.[24] Various schools across Saskatchewan have aimed to fulfill this mandate such as Walter Murray Collegiate Advanced Program,[25] and Mount Royal Collegiate Institute Multi-Directional Approach to Education (MDA) MDA program[26] to name a few.

Education of students with special needs

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), physical disabilities, intellectual disabilities, behaviorally disordered students, adolescent anger control, are all different forms of special education which classroom teachers address when they are involved in mainstreaming.[27] There are several programs offered from Kindergarten through the elementary and secondary school system.[28]

The Special Education Unit of the Ministry of Education has a variety of services, resources and support for Saskatchewan schools and teachers.[29]

Extracurricular activities

Schools may offer a variety of venues depending upon the demand within the school population. It may vary from student participation in social clubs, intramurals, or sports teams.

See also

References

  1. A Survey of Education. 1918. The Province of Saskatchewan Canada. A Report. Government of the Province of Saskatchewan. by Harold W. Foght, Ph.D. Specialist in Rural School Practice, Bureau of Education, Washington, D.C., Regina. J.W. Reid, King's Printer., re-published, retrieved 2007-04-12 Check date values in: |date=, |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
  2. Sask Gen Web - One Room School Project - The Country School in Non English Speaking Communities in Saskatchewan By Rev. H. Oliver, Sept. 22nd, 1915, re-published, retrieved 2007-04-12 Check date values in: |date=, |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
  3. Kerr, D.G.G. (1959), A Historical Atlas of Canada, Toronto: Thomas Nelson & Sons (Canada) Limited, p. 90
  4. Minister of Trade and Commerce, The Right Honourable C. D. Howe (1956), Canada 1956 the Official Handbook of Present Conditions and Recent Progress, Canada Year Book Section Information Services Division Dominion Bureau of Statistics, Ottawa: Queen's Printer
  5. 1 2 Saskatchewan Gen Web - One Room School Project - Evolution, Jan 16, 2006, retrieved 2007-04-12
  6. Saskatchewan Archives Board | Family History Research, archived from the original on March 28, 2007, retrieved 2007-04-12
  7. Brief to the Saskatchewan Minimum Wage Board on Minimum Age of Employment and Employer-Provided Transportation Home (PDF), 2006-05-01, retrieved 2007-04-12 |first1= missing |last1= in Authors list (help)
  8. Bezeau, Lawrence M. (Copyright 1989,1995,2002), Chapter 07, Provincial Systems of Education, archived from the original on April 3, 2007, retrieved 2007-04-12 Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. Melchiorre, Angela, Canada - [At What Age?...are school-children employed, married and taken to court], archived from the original on April 2, 2007, retrieved 2007-04-12
  10. The Council of Ministers of Education, Canada (CMEC), Le Conseil des ministres de l'Éducation (Canada) [CMEC] (1998-06-26), Secondary Education in Canada: A Student Transfer Guide, 1998 - Introduction / Yukon, archived from the original on April 9, 2007, retrieved 2007-04-12
  11. Saskatchewan Gen Web - One Room School Project - Evolution, January 16, 2006, retrieved 2007-04-12
  12. Saskatchewan Gen Web - One Room School Project, January 16, 2006, retrieved 2007-04-12
  13. School Divisions - Education - Government of Saskatchewan, retrieved 2010-12-11
  14. Saskatchewan Schools and School Divisions
  15. School Divisions - Education - Government of Saskatchewan, retrieved 2010-12-11
  16. Provincial Examinations, Student and Teacher Services - Education - Government of Saskatchewan, retrieved 2010-12-11 |first1= missing |last1= in Authors list (help)
  17. Mount Royal curriculum course Select 10, 11, 12, retrieved 2007-04-14
  18. SaskNetWork - Post-Secondary Institutions and Programs, January 20, 2003, retrieved 2007-04-14
  19. Education and Training Government of Saskatchewan, January 22, 2007, retrieved 2007-04-14 |first1= missing |last1= in Authors list (help)
  20. Cory Toth, Encyclopedia Of Saskatchewan; Lorne Sparling, The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan | Details, retrieved 2007-04-14
  21. City of Saskatoon · City Council · City History · Nutana, retrieved 2007-04-14 |first1= missing |last1= in Authors list (help)
  22. Saskatchewan Gen Web - One Room School Project - Evolution, retrieved 2007-04-14
  23. Saskatchewan Teachers' Federation, retrieved 2007-04-14
  24. Lipp, Margaret, How Gifted Adolescents Make Judgments SSTA Research Centre Report #92-02, retrieved 2007-04-14
  25. Walter Murray Collegiate Advanced Program, retrieved 2007-04-14
  26. Special Programs, retrieved 2007-04-14
  27. SSTA Research Centre Reports, retrieved 2007-04-14
  28. Teaching Kindergarten Meeting Special Needs, retrieved 2007-04-14 |first1= missing |last1= in Authors list (help)
  29. Saskatchewan Education, Government of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan Learning, retrieved 2007-04-14
  30. Allan Composite School, retrieved 2010-12-11 |first1= missing |last1= in Authors list (help)
  31. Services for Students (Kelsey), March 29, 2007, archived from the original (Scholar search) on October 7, 2006, retrieved 2007-04-14 |first1= missing |last1= in Authors list (help)
  32. Davidson High School (Saskatchewan)

External links

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