Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of Germany

Elisabeth of Bavaria
Seal of Elisabeth of Bavaria.
Queen consort of Germany Queen consort of Jerusalem
Tenure	1 September 1246 – 21 May 1254
Queen consort of Sicily
Tenure	13 December 1250 – 21 May 1254
Born	c. 1227 Trausnitz Castle, Landshut, Bavaria
Died	9 October 1273 (aged 45–46) Goyen Castle, Schenna, Tyrol
Burial	Stams Abbey
Spouse	Conrad IV of Germany Meinhard, Duke of Carinthia
Issue	Conradin Elizabeth of Carinthia, Queen of Germany Otto III, Duke of Carinthia Henry of Bohemia
House	House of Wittelsbach
Father	Otto II, Duke of Bavaria
Mother	Agnes of the Palatinate
Religion	Roman Catholicism

Elisabeth of Bavaria (c. 1227 – 9 October 1273), a member of the House of Wittelsbach, was Queen consort of Germany from 1246 to 1254 by her marriage to King Conrad IV of Germany.

Life

She was born at Trausnitz Castle in Landshut, the eldest daughter of Otto II Wittelsbach and his wife Agnes of the Palatinate, herself a daughter of the Welf count palatine Henry V and Agnes of Hohenstaufen.

Otto II succeeded his father Louis I as Bavarian duke and as Count palatine in 1231. In the conflict between the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II and the Roman Curia, he initially sided with the pope, but became a supporter of Frederick in 1241. Otto II had initially betrothed Elisabeth to Duke Frederick II of Austria, however, the new political alliance would lead to the marriage of the elder daughter of the Wittelsbach and the elder son of the Hohenstaufen, Conrad IV. The wedding ceremony took place on 1 September 1246, probably at Vohburg in Bavaria, against fierce protests by the papal legate Albert von Behaim.

Conrad IV had inherited the title of a King of Jerusalem from his mother Yolande of Brienne. Appointed Duke of Swabia in 1235, he was elected King of the Romans in 1237 to represent his father in his German dominions. Upon Frederick's death on 13 December 1250, still involved in a war against Pope Innocent IV and his allies, he also succeeded him as King of Sicily. He would continue the war and left for Sicily in 1251, leaving his wife behind, who gave birth to their only child Conradin in March next year. On 21 May 1254 Conrad IV died of malaria at his army camp in Lavello, Basilicata, without ever having seen his son.

During the interregnum after the death of Emperor Frederick II, Elisabeth tried to secure the rights of her minor son Conradin, backed by her brothers, the Bavarian dukes Henry XIII and Louis II. In 1256 Elisabeth had to witness the execution of Louis' wife Maria of Brabant, whereafter she gave Conradin to the Bishop of Constance for care and education. Beset by intriguing Pope Alexander VI, she agreed to appoint Conradin's uncle Manfred, an illegitimate son of Frederick, regent in the Kingdom of Sicily on her son's behalf. However, she could not prevent the election of Richard of Cornwall as King of the Romans in 1256/57.

Elisabeth remained a widow for five years. On 6 October 1259 in Munich, she married her second husband Count Meinhard II of Gorizia–Tyrol, a member of the Meinhardiner dynasty, who became Duke of Carinthia in 1286. Her second husband, just released from custody by Archbishop Philip of Salzburg, was of inferior status and about ten years younger than her, nevertheless his Tyrolean domains comprised the strategically important mountain passes across the Alps to Italy. The couple was blessed with six surviving children.

Statues of Meinhard und Elisabeth, Stams Abbey

Elisabeth's relationship to her firstborn son Conradin remained a reserved one. When Charles of Anjou defeated Manfred of Sicily in the 1266 Battle of Benevento, her brother Louis and her husband Meinhard encouraged Conradin's decision to go on camapaign. In August 1267, mother and son met for a last time at Hohenschwangau Castle before Conradin left for Italy, together with his uncle and his stepfather, who however deserted him in Verona. After Elisabeth heard of his defeat and execution in 1268, she had the Santa Maria del Carmine Church erected in Naples in his memory. In 1272 she founded the Cistercian abbey of Stams in Tyrol, together with her husband Meinhard, where she is also buried.

Marriages and children

Elisabeth and Conrad would only have one son:

• Conradin (25 March 1252 – 29 October 1268).

Elisabeth and her second husband Meinhard had six children:

• Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol (1262–1312), wife of Albert I, Duke of Austria (1248–1308), became queen consort of the Romans in 1298.
• Otto III of Carinthia (d. 1310), father of Elisabeth of Carinthia, queen-consort of Sicily as wife of Peter II of Sicily.
• Albert II, died 1292.
• Louis, died 1305.
• Henry I (c. 1270–1335), king of Bohemia 1306 and 1307–10, Duke of Carnithia 1310–35, Count of Tyrol
• Agnes of Carinthia (died 1293), wife of Frederick I, Margrave of Meissen (1257–1323), grandson of Emperor Frederick II, her only son Frederick of Meissen predeceased his father.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Elisabeth of Bavaria

16. Otto IV, Count of Wittelsbach               8. Otto I, Duke of Bavaria                       17. Heilika of Pettendorf-Lengenfeld               4. Louis I, Duke of Bavaria                             18. Louis I, Count of Loon               9. Agnes of Loon                       19. Agnes of Metz               2. Otto II, Duke of Bavaria                                   20. Vladislaus II, King of Bohemia               10. Frederick, Duke of Bohemia                       21. Gertrude of Babenberg               5. Ludmilla of Bohemia                             22. Géza II of Hungary               11. Elizabeth of Hungary                       23. Euphrosyne of Kiev               1. Elisabeth of Bavaria                                         24. Henry X, Duke of Bavaria               12. Henry the Lion                       25. Gertrude of Süpplingenburg               6. Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine                             26. Henry II of England               13. Matilda of England                       27. Eleanor of Aquitaine               3. Agnes of the Palatinate                                   28. Frederick II, Duke of Swabia               14. Conrad, Count Palatine of the Rhine                       29. Agnes of Saarbrücken               7. Agnes of Hohenstaufen                             30. Berthold I, Count of Henneberg               15. Irmingard of Henneberg                       31. Bertha of Putelendorf

External links

• Marek, Miroslav. "A listing of descendants of the Wittelsbach family". Genealogy.EU.