Encyclopédistes

The Encyclopédistes were members of the Société des gens de lettres, a French writer's society, who contributed to the development of the Encyclopédie from June 1751 to December 1765 under editors Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert. The composition of the 17 volumes of text and 11 volumes of plates of the Encyclopédie was the work of over 150 authors belonging, in large part, to the intellectual group known as the philosophes. They promoted the advancement of science and secular thought and supported tolerance, rationality, and open-mindedness of the Enlightenment.

More than a hundred encyclopédistes have been identified.^[1] Still, as Frank Kafker has shown, the encyclopédistes were not a unified group, neither in ideology nor social class.^[2] Below some of the contributors are listed in alphabetical order, by the number of articles that they wrote, and by the identifying "signature" by which their contributions were identified in the Encyclopédie.

Beyond the known collaborators – at least in name – many articles are not signed and certain authors expressed a desire to remain anonymous. Other authors, Allard or Dubuisson for example, remain a mystery to us. Moreover, the sporadic research into the quotations, borrowings, and plagarisms in the Encyclopédie – the illustrations as well as the text – illuminate a group of "indirect" collaborators.

"Among some excellent men, there were some weak, average, and absolutely bad ones. From this mixture in the publication, we find the draft of a schoolboy next to a masterpiece."

— Denis Diderot

A machine-generated and incomplete list of authors sorted by number of posts can be found at the project ARTFL. There are list by frequency^[3] and by letter.^[4]

Contributors

Denis Diderot

Diderot had just finished the translation of A Medicinal Dictionary by Robert James when the publicist André le Breton charged him, on 16 October 1747, to resume the project of translating the English Cyclopaedia that Jean Paul de Gua de Malves could not successfully complete. Diderot undertook the history of ancient philosophy, wrote the Prospectus and the System of Human Knowledge, and, with D'Alembert, revised all the articles.

Le chevalier de Jaucourt

Louis de Jaucourt is little known in other respects but was one of the principal authors in the disciplines of economics, literature, medicine, and politics.

D'Alembert

Jean le Rond d'Alembert is the author of the Preliminary Discourse and of several articles. In 1752 d'Alembert, who was tired of the mocking, cries of indignation, and religious persecution against the Encyclopédie, retired from the encyclopedic undertaking. Subsequently, his contributions were limited to the subject of mathematics, a sensible topic in the eyes of censors.

Alphabetical

Number of articles

37870 – XXX (unsigned or undetermined)
17288 – Chevalier Louis de Jaucourt
5394 – Denis Diderot
4268 – Boucher d'Argis
1925 – Edmé-François Mallet
1309 – Jean Le Rond d'Alembert
994 – Jacques-Nicolas Bellin
720 – Guillaume Le Blond
707 – Gabriel François Venel
693 – Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton
541 – Antoine-Joseph Dezallier d'Argenville
482 – Jacques-François Blondel
449 – Antoine Louis
428 – Marc-Antoine Eidous
414 – Baron d'Holbach
388 – François-Vincent Toussaint
344 – Jean-Jacques Rousseau
337 – Pierre Tarin
227 – Claude Bourgelat
214 – Jean-Baptiste de La Chapelle
199 – Urbain de Vandenesse
192 – Arnulphe d'Aumont
129 – César Chesneau Du Marsais
119 – Cahusac
108 – Le Roy
107 – Landois
91 – Beauzée
78 – Paul-Jacques Malouin
70 – Jean-Baptiste-Pierre le Romain
61 – Louis-Jacques Goussier, also supervisor of the engraved plates
56 – Malouin
45 – Lenglet Du Fresnoy
41 – Daubenton|Diderot
39 – Claude Yvon
39 – Daubenton|Vandenesse
32 – Boucher d'Argis
26 – de La Chapelle|d'Alembert
26 – Voltaire
25 – Diderot|Mallet
23 – Daubenton|Jaucourt
22 – Daubenton, le Subdelegue
21 – Barths
20 – Mallet|Diderot
20 – Formey
20 – Daubenton|Jaucourt
14 – Rousseau|d'Alembert
14 – Beauzee
13 – Watelet
13 – Boucher d'Argis
12 – Douchet et Beauzee
12 – Daubenton|d'Argenville
11 – Diderot|Vandenesse
10 – Jacques-François de Villiers
10 – Marmontel
10 – Forbonnais
9 – Papillon
9 – Mallet|d'Alembert
9 – Daubenton|Daubenton, le Subdelegue
8 – Faiguet
7 – d'Argenville|Diderot
7 – Tarin
7 – Pestr
7 – Jaucourt
7 – Bellin|Bellin
6 – Vandenesse|Diderot
6 – Toussaint|Mallet
6 – Durival
6 – Beauzee et Duchet
5 – d'Aubenton
5 – d'Alembert|Diderot
5 – Yvon|Diderot
5 – Venel|Venel
5 – Menuret
5 – Mallet|Mallet
5 – Diderot|Daubenton
5 – Daubenton|d'Argenville|Vandenesse
5 – Daubenton|Vandenesse|Diderot
5 – C. D. J.| Jaucourt
4 – d'Alembert|Mallet
4 – Romilly
4 – Rallier
4 – Louis|Diderot
4 – Blondel|Diderot

By letter

In the Encyclopédie, the authors are identified by a letter at the end of an article.

(A) – Boucher d'Argis
(a) – Lenglet Du Fresnoy
(B) – Cahusac
(b) – Venel
(C) – Pestré
(c) – Daubenton, le Subdélégué
(D) – Goussier
(d) – d'Aumont
(E) – de La Chapelle
(e) – Bourgelat
(F) – Dumarsais
(f) – de Villiers
(G) – Mallet
(g) – Barthès
(H) – Toussaint
(h) – Morellet
(I) – Daubenton
(K) – d'Argenville
(L) – Tarin
(M) – Malouin
(m) – Ménuret de Chambaud
(N) – Vandenesse
(O) – d'Alembert
(P) – Blondel
(Q) – Le Blond
(R) – Landois
(S) – Rousseau
(T) – Le Roy
(V) – Eidous
(X) – Yvon
(Y) – Louis
(Z) – Bellin
(*) – Diderot
(D.J.) – de Jaucourt
(—) – d'Holbach
(V.D.F.) – Forbonnais
(E.R.M.) – Douchet and Beauzée

Notes

↑ Frank A. Kafker and Serena Kafker, The Encyclopedists as Individuals: A Biographical Dictionary of the Authors of the Encyclopédie (Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 1988).
↑ Frank A. Kafker, The Encyclopedists as a Group: A Collective Biography of the Authors of the Encyclopédie (Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 1996).
↑ Author list by frequency. Project ARTFL
↑ https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/efts/ARTFL/projects/encyc/authors.html

The Age of Enlightenment

Topics

Thinkers

France	Jean le Rond d'Alembert Étienne Bonnot de Condillac Marquis de Condorcet Denis Diderot Claude Adrien Helvétius Baron d'Holbach Georges-Louis Leclerc Montesquieu François Quesnay Jean-Jacques Rousseau Marquis de Sade Voltaire

Germany	Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Johann Gottfried von Herder Immanuel Kant Gotthold Ephraim Lessing Moses Mendelssohn Friedrich Schiller

Greece	Neophytos Doukas Theoklitos Farmakidis Rigas Feraios Theophilos Kairis Adamantios Korais

Ireland	Robert Boyle Edmund Burke

Italy	Cesare Beccaria Gaetano Filangieri Antonio Genovesi Pietro Verri

Poland	Tadeusz Czacki Hugo Kołłątaj Stanisław Konarski Ignacy Krasicki Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz Stanisław August Poniatowski Jędrzej Śniadecki Stanisław Staszic Józef Wybicki Andrzej Stanisław Załuski Józef Andrzej Załuski

Portugal	Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo

Russia	Catherine II

Spain	Charles III Benito Jerónimo Feijóo y Montenegro

United Kingdom (Scotland)	Francis Bacon Joseph Black James Boswell Adam Ferguson Edward Gibbon Robert Hooke David Hume Francis Hutcheson Samuel Johnson John Locke Isaac Newton Thomas Reid Adam Smith Mary Wollstonecraft

United States	Benjamin Franklin Thomas Jefferson James Madison George Mason Thomas Paine

Authority control	NDL: 00563840

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