Ericsson Mobile Communications

Ericsson Mobile Communications AB
Subsidiary, Aktiebolag
Industry Mobile phones
Fate Dissolved
Predecessor Ericsson Radio Systems
Successor Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications, Ericsson Mobile Platforms
Founded 1994
Defunct 2001
Headquarters Lund, Sweden
Key people
 Åke Lundqvist, Lars Ramqvist, Nils Rydbeck, Johan Siberg
Parent Ericsson

Ericsson Mobile Communications AB was a subsidiary of Ericsson, entirely focused on development of mobile phones (handsets). The major offices were located in Lund, Kumla, Raleigh, North Carolina and Lynchburg, Virginia.

History

Under the command of Ericsson Radio Systems present CEO Lars Ramqvist, a new joint venture company was formed together with General Electric July 1, 1989, under the name Ericsson GE Mobile Communications. The company consisted of all mobile phone activity of both companies in Sweden and USA. Ericsson owned 60% of the company, and General Electric owned 40%. In this fusion GE contributed, among other things, a factory of some 1,600 employees in Lynchburg, Virginia. Ericsson Radio Systems former CEO Åke Lundqvist moved to the USA as CEO for the new company, which also controlled the mobile handset activities in Kumla and the research facility in Lund.[1] Mobile telephony, at this time, constituted 14% of the billing in the business unit for radio communications at Ericsson.[2]

In 1990 Ericsson GE Mobile Communications, at the initiative of Åke Lundkvist, opened a new office for research and development in Research Triangle Park, a science park in Raleigh, North Carolina.[3] The purpose of this initiative was to divide research and development from pure manufacturing, to mirror the split between Kumla and Lund in Sweden.

The activity in Ericsson GE Mobile Communications was characterized by severe cooperation problems between the two companies, and inability to break into the U.S. market for mobile phones.[4]

In the beginning of 1992 Ericsson purchased another 20% of the joint venture and Ericsson GE Mobile Communications was owned to 80% by Ericsson.[5] At the end of 1993 General Electric left the board for the joint venture.[6] Eventually, on April 1, 1998, General Electric used a bail-out sell clause in the contract with Ericsson and sold its remaining last part of the joint venture back to Ericsson, which thereby became the sole owner of the company.[7]

In 1994 mobile telephony made up 85% of the activities in the Ericsson business unit for Radio Systems and this business unit increased its billing for activities including systems (base stations) and terminals (handsets) with 73%.[8]

Mobile telephony was now regarded a core product,[4] and March 1, 1994, Johan Siberg assumed the role as CEO for the common company Ericsson GE Mobile Communications which simultaneously changed its name to Ericsson Mobile Communications AB (ECS) and created a wholly owned subsidiary with its main office in Sweden.[6]

In 1994 a side track activity with the short distance radio technology Bluetooth was initiated within the company, and in 1997 ECS joined forces with Intel in this activity. In 1998 the Bluetooth Special Interest Group was created in cooperation with Intel, IBM, Nokia and Toshiba, and in 2000 a corporate spin-off named Ericsson Technology Licensing was created to host the technology, and the first actual product, a Bluetooth headset, reached the market.[9]

Growth and volumes in ECS increased rapidly and the first years all focus was on quickly ramping up the production, which was met with success. In 1998 the company generated a profit of 13 billion SEK. However already in 1999 the company encountered problems in the consumer market, after the main competitor Nokia had started to use design as a weapon to gain market shares. Nokia 3210 has been described as an especially troublesome product, as it lacked an external antenna. Ericsson viewed this as a technically inferior construction, but the consumers chose this design direction anyway. At the same time, Nokia started to compete by economies of scale and could thus bring down the price on components.[10]

The telecom crisis

During 1998 the company ran into problems in the completion of their next flagship phone model, Ericsson T28. It was initially planned for introduction in time for the Christmas season of 1998, but the launch was delayed until the autumn of 1999. In March 2000 the Philips factory for radio electronics in Albuquerque, New Mexico was hit by lightning and caught fire, which hit the ECS supply chain very hard, and caused further delays in deliveries. The volume loss has been estimated at 7 million phones. Nokia was able to sign up secondary suppliers before Ericsson and could thus maintain their market lead.[10][11][12]

In 2000 ECS produced its first smartphone, Ericsson R380. It did not meet with commercial success, but was the first phone to use the Symbian operating system, previously known as EPOC. The company also produced a Handheld PC named Ericsson MC218, an OEM-product based on Psion Series 5mx.[13] At this time various experimental projects involving handheld PCs was running: in the annual report of 1999 is a picture of a handheld PC named HS210 cordless display phone which would use Bluetooth to connect to a small base station in a household,[14][15] and another experimental product was the DelphiPad which was developed in cooperation with the Centre for Wireless Communications in Singapore, a tablet computer with touch-sensitive sceeen, Netscape Navigator as web browser and Linux as its operating system.[16][17] These products were never finalized, but pictures of these prototypes have circled the web.

Immediately after the turn of the century 2000–2001 the European telecom crisis occurred, and hit Ericsson Mobile Communications especially hard. The business unit containing ECS would now come to generate a loss of 24 billion SEK.[10]

In the spring of 2001 the first countermeasures to cut down on the losses began by laying off 600 people in production, while simultaneously outsourcing all production with some 11000 people to Flextronics.[18] The research- and development office in Lund was not subject to any major layoffs: 100 people were laid off and some 80 people in facility management and IS/IT were outsourced.[19] A few months later however, the huge transformation occurred, splitting the company in two.[20]

The split in SonyEricsson and Ericsson Mobile Platforms

As a last countermeasure to counter the economic crisis, Ericsson had to seek a partner for the handset production, and therefore the company was split in two parts the 1st of October 2001:

In February 2012 Sony communicated that they closed the purchase of Ericsson's part of Sony Ericsson, which was consequently renamed Sony Mobile Communications. At this time the company had roughly 8,000 employees globally.[23]

February 12, 2009, Ericsson issued a press release stating that Ericsson Mobile Platforms would be joined with STMicroelectronics mobile platform company ST-NXP Wireless, forming the new joint venture ST-Ericsson, owned 50/50 by Ericsson and STMicroelectronics.[24]

Products and platforms

Ericsson GH688, is a GSM phone on the Jane-platform

The earlier product lines from Ericsson Radio Systems had, at the inception of Ericsson Mobile Communications, started to form platforms, which consisted of a certain electronic and mechanic design, and even if many different models were produced on top of one and the same platform, the early platforms can easily be recognized by their looks:[25]

Platform Introduced NMT-models ETACS-models GSM-models Combo Ref
Curt 1987 HotLine Pocket 900 - - - [26]
Olivia 1989 NH72 EH72 GH172 - [26][27]
Sandra 1991 NH97 EH97 GH197, GH198 - [26][28]
Jane 1996 NH237 EH237 GH337, GH388, GA318, GA628, GH688, A1018 TH688 (DECT+GSM), SH888 (modem), I888 (GSM 900+1900), S868 (GSM 900+1800) [26][28]
Emma 1996 GF768, PF768, GF788, T18 - [28]
Marianne 1998 - - T28, T36 - [25]

As can be seen from the table there is a certain system in the model designations: the first letter indicates the radio standard (N=NMT, E=ETACS, G=GSM), the second letter specifies the mechanical design (H=Handheld, F=Flip), and the number indicates the platform used. Around the year 2000 the range of models increase, platforms and codenames explode and the model names can no longer be derived in a simple way. At the split of the company into SonyEricsson and Ericsson Mobile Platforms, the number of models continued growing in Sony Ericsson while Ericsson Mobile Platforms cut down on the pace and produced a few platforms with names such as U100, U200 and so on.[29]

References

  1. ↑ Meurling, John; Jeans, Richard (1997). "Globala ambitioner". Den fula ankungen - hur Ericsson tog steget in i konsumentvarubranschen - med mobiltelefoner. London: Ericsson Mobile Communications AB. pp. 77–79. ISBN 91-630-5585-6.
  2. ↑ Årsredovisning 1989 (PDF). Stockholm: Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson.
  3. ↑ Årsredovisning 1990 (PDF). Stockholm: Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson.
  4. 1 2 Meurling, John; Jeans, Richard (1997). "Slutet på ett experiment, nästan...". Den fula ankungen - hur Ericsson tog steget in i konsumentvarubranschen - med mobiltelefoner. London: Ericsson Mobile Communications AB. pp. 77–79. ISBN 91-630-5585-6.
  5. ↑ Årsredovisning 1992 (PDF). Stockholm: Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson.
  6. 1 2 Meurling, John; Jeans, Richard (1997). "Omstart". Den fula ankungen - hur Ericsson tog steget in i konsumentvarubranschen - med mobiltelefoner. London: Ericsson Mobile Communications AB. pp. 103–105. ISBN 91-630-5585-6.
  7. ↑ Årsredovisning 1997 (PDF). Stockholm: Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson. p. 28.
  8. ↑ Årsredovisning 1994 (PDF). Stockholm: Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson.
  9. ↑ "Milestones in the Bluetooth advance". Ericsson. Archived from the original on 2004-06-20.
  10. 1 2 3 Henckel, Sture (2012). "Så dog den svenska mobilen" (PDF). Ingenjören (5): 30–44.
  11. ↑ Admin post (2 May 2015). "Latest on going Wi-Fi Calling". Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  12. ↑ Mukherjee, Amit S. (2008-10-01). "The Fire That Changed an Industry: A Case Study on Thriving in a Networked World". New Jersey: Pearson Education, FT Press. Retrieved 2013-09-01.
  13. ↑ Ericsson MC218: Ericsson MC 218 - Psion-tillverkad handdator med bra program för datakommunikation
  14. ↑ Annual report 1999 (PDF). Stockholm: Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson.
  15. ↑ "///Ericsson Forum - Infos and support". 2012-02-18. Retrieved 2013-08-13.
  16. ↑ "Ericsson, CWC develop Linux handheld PC". 2001-01-12. Retrieved 2013-08-14.
  17. ↑ "///Ericsson Forum - Infos and support". 2012-03-21. Retrieved 2013-08-14.
  18. ↑ Nybäck, Ulrika (2001). "Nytt samarbete ska ge bättre lönsamhet" (PDF). Kontakten. Stockholm: Ericsson (3): 4. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  19. ↑ Cederquist, Lars (2001). "Fokusering på färre modeller ska sänka kostnader i Lund" (PDF). Kontakten. Stockholm: Ericsson (3): 5. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  20. ↑ Dunås, Elin (2001). "Sony en perfekt partner" (PDF). Kontakten. Stockholm: Ericsson (8): 4. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  21. ↑ "Ericsson - press release". Cision Wire. Retrieved 2001-10-01.
  22. ↑ Kornby, Mikael (2005). "The EMP Story" (PDF). Ericsson Review. Ericsson AB (1). Retrieved 2012-04-07.
  23. ↑ Sony Completes Full Acquisition of Sony Ericsson - Sony to Rename the Company Sony Mobile Communications and Accelerate Business Integration
  24. ↑ ST-Ericsson born as wireless-semiconductor industry leader
  25. 1 2 Ginz. "Ericsson database". Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  26. 1 2 3 4 Meurling, John; Jeans, Richard (1997). "Att komma igång". Den fula ankungen - hur Ericsson tog steget in i konsumentvarubranschen - med mobiltelefoner. London: Ericsson Mobile Communications AB. pp. 46–60. ISBN 91-630-5585-6.
  27. ↑ Cederquist, Lars (1989). "Olivia - frihetens ficktelefon föddes i en källare" (PDF). Kontakten. Stockholm: Ericsson (7): 8. Retrieved 2012-11-07.
  28. 1 2 3 "Vintage Ericsson phones". Retrieved 2012-12-08.
  29. ↑ "Ericsson Mobile Platform U100 - the world's first verified UMTS platform (LZT 901 0358 R1A)" (PDF). Ericsson Mobile Platforms AB. November 2002. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
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