Ernst Weiss

Ernst Weiss

Memorial plaque for Ernst Weiss in Berlin.

Berlin memorial plaque, Ernst Weiss, Luitpoldstraße 34, Berlin-Schöneberg, Germany. Photo by OTFW, Berlin.
Born (1882-08-28)August 28, 1882
Brünn, Austria
Died June 15, 1940(1940-06-15) (aged 57)
Paris, France
Occupation Novelist, physician
Language German
Ethnicity Jewish
Notable works The Eyewitness (Der Augenzeuge)
Olympic medal record
Art competitions
1928 Amsterdam Epic works

Dr Ernst Weiss (German: Weiß, August 28, 1882 – June 15, 1940) was a German-speaking Austrian author of Jewish descent. He is the author of Ich, der Augenzeuge (The Eyewitness), a novel dealing with the Hitler period.

Biography

Ernst Weiss was born in Brno, Moravia, Austro-Hungarian Empire (now the Czech Republic) to the family of a prosperous Jewish cloth merchant.[1] After his father died when he was four, he was brought up by his mother Berta, née Weinberg, who led him to art.[1] However after completing his secondary education in Brno, Litoměřice and Hostinné,[2] he came to Prague to study medicine. In 1908 he finished his studies in Vienna and became a surgeon. He practiced in Berne, Vienna, and Berlin but he developed tuberculosis and tried to recover as a ship doctor on a trip to India and Japan in 1912.[1] In 1913 he met Rahel Sanzara, a dancer, actress and, later, novelist, and their relationship lasted until she died of cancer in 1936.[1] In the same year he met Franz Kafka and they became close friends. Kafka wrote in his Diaries 1914: "January 2. A lot of time well spent with Dr. Weiss".[3] Weiss was in touch with other writers of the Prague Circle such as Franz Werfel, Max Brod, and Johannes Urzidil.[4] In 1914 Weiss returned to Austria to start a military physician career. He served for the duration of World War I on the Eastern Front,[5] ultimately earning a golden cross for bravery.[1] After the war he lived in Prague, then the capital of Czechoslovakia. He gave up medical career in 1920 when he finished working in a Prague hospital.[4] In 1921 he moved to Berlin,[2] and began his most prolific period of writing, publishing nearly a novel a year.[5] This period came to an end when, in 1933, he returned to Prague to care for his dying mother.[3] He could not enter Nazi Germany and so he left for Paris in 1934. There he lived a poor life dependent on help from authors such as Thomas Mann and Stefan Zweig.[6] He applied for, but did not receive, a grant from the so-called American guild for German cultural freedom.[2]

Weiss's last novel, The Eyewitness, written in 1938, describes a young German veteran of World War I, identified as "A.H.," who has been sent to a military hospital because he is suffering from hysterical blindness (now termed conversion disorder). The character is evidently modeled on Adolf Hitler, who was indeed treated for conversion disorder at a military hospital in Pasewalk, but scholars dispute to what extent the account is fictional. The writer Walter Mehring claimed in his autobiography that Weiss had access in Paris to Hitler's Pasewalk medical file, which had been sent out of the country for safekeeping by Edmund Forster, the psychiatrist who treated Hitler. The whereabouts of the file today are unknown, however, and the real Edmund Forster disapproved of hypnosis, the treatment used to cure "A.H." in Weiss's novel.[7][8]

Weiss committed suicide on 14 June 1940 when German troops invaded the city.[1][9] His attempt to deal with poison in his hotel room did not succeed immediately, but he died as a result only in the following night in a Paris hospital.

Based on thorough research on Hitler and his story at Pasewalk clinique psychologist David Lewis in his book The Man who invented Hitler tells also the story of Ernst Weiss and his book on Hitler using pseudonym A.H.[10]

Work

His work is influenced by Sigmund Freud, his friend Franz Kafka, and authors of then-modern literary Expressionism.[1] He often hints at medical cases and ethics in his novels and stories.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S. Saur, Pamela. "Ernst Weiss". The Literary Encyclopedia. 23 September 2006. Accessed 22 June 2008. (English)
  2. 1 2 3 Ernst Weiß – Kurzer Lebensabriß, (German)
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 M.A.Orthofer: Ernst Weiß: A Preliminary Survey, Complete Review, Volume II, Issue 4, November, 2001, (English)
  4. 1 2 Encyklopedie dějin města Brna, (Czech)
  5. 1 2 Altman, Elias (September 20, 2010). "Reverse Psychology: On Ernst Weiss". The Nation.
  6. ↑ Dominique Fliegler: Doslov k Jarmile, Praha 1998, ISBN 80-901626-6-5 (Czech)
  7. ↑ Koepf, Gerhard; Soyka, Michael (2007). "Hitler's missing psychiatric file". European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 257 (4): 245. doi:10.1007/s00406-006-0648-4. PMID 17464549
  8. ↑ Ächtler, Norman (2007). "Hitler's hysteria: War neurosis and mass psychology in Ernst Weiss's Der Augenzeuge". The German Quarterly. 80: 325–49. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1183.2007.tb00078.x
  9. ↑ Lester, David (January 2005). Suicide and the Holocaust. Nova Publishers. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-59454-427-9.
  10. ↑ Lewis, David (2004). The Man who Invented Hitler. Headline Book Publishing.

External links

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