Esther Chapa

Esther Chapa Tijerina (October 22, 1904 in Tamaulipas - December 14, 1970 in Mexico City) was a Mexican medical surgeon, writer, feminist, suffragist, trade unionist, and activist involved in pro-women's rights, ^[1] Rodríguez de Romo, Ana Cecilia; Castañeda López, Gabriela; Robles Valencia, Rita (2008). Protagonistas de la Medicina Científica Mexicana, 1800-2006.^{[2] [3]} and the rights of children.^[4] She was a member of the Mexican Communist Party.^[5]

She was the daughter of Virginia Tijerina and Quirino Chapa. She graduated in 1928 from the National School of Medicine of the National Autonomous University of Mexico where she majored in microbiology and clinical analysis. She worked at this university for about forty years and was the first woman in Mexico to occupy the university chair for microbiology. She also served as director of the National School of Nursing and Midwifery in 1966. ^{[6] [7] [8]}

In the 1940s, Chapa Tijerina was involved in the early Mexican feminist movement with Matilde Rodríguez Cabo and María Lavalle Urbina. She participated with other women and intellectuals in founding several organizations, including the United Front Pro Women's Rights. She was a strong advocate for the right of women's suffrage. ^{[9] [10] [11]}

Selected works

• El derecho de voto para la mujer (1936)
• Las mujeres mexicanas (with Miguel Alemán) (1945)
• La mujer en la política en el próximo sexenio (1946)
• El problema de la penitenciaría del Distrito Federal (1947)
• Apuntes de prácticas de microbiología (with Pedro Pérez Grovas) (1941)

References

1. Castañeda López, Gabriela; Rodríguez de Romo, Ana Cecilia (2010). «Esther Chapa Tijerina, 1904-1970» (PDF). Boletín Mexicano de Historia y Filosofía de la Medicina 13 (1): pp. 34-35 (in Spanish)
2. Plaza y Valdés. p. 543. ISBN 978-970-722-802-3 (in Spanish)
3. Tuñón, Enriqueta (2002). Por fin... ya podemos elegir y ser electas!: el sufragio femenino en México, 1935-1953. Plaza y Valdés. p. 305. ISBN 978-970-188-318-1 (in Spanish)
4. Garza Treviño, Ciro R. de la (1975). La Revolución Mexicana en el Estado de Tamaulipas, Volume 2. Librería de M. Porrúa. (in Spanish)
5. Ramos Escandón, Carmen (1996). «La participación política de la mujer en México: del fusil al voto 1915-1955», en Castellanos, Gabriela. Desde las orillas de la política: género y poder en América Latina. Universitat de Barcelona, Seminario Interdisciplinar Mujeres y Sociedad. p. 148
6. El Universal Online México (ed.): «Esther Chapa Tijerina, la mujer del voto». Columnas. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (1979) (in Spanish)
7. Las Facultades y Escuelas de la UNAM: 1929-1979, Volume 1. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. ISBN 978-968-582-678-5 (in Spanish)
8. Bermúdez González, Alfredo. Escuela Nacional de Enfermería y Obstetricia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (ed.): «Antecedentes históricos». Acerca de la ENEO (in Spanish)
9. Sánchez Galindo, Antonio (2003). «Victoria Kent (Una española universal)». En Serrano Migallón, Fernando. Los maestros del exilio español en la Facultad de Derecho. UNAM. p. 413. ISBN 978-970-074-334-9 (in Spanish)
10. Castañeda Salgado, Martha Patricia (2003). La interrupción voluntaria del embarazo: reflexiones teóricas, filosóficas y políticas. Plaza y Valdes. p. 258. ISBN 978-970-722-177-2 (in Spanish)
11. Redacción NoticeSe-Cimacnoticias (9 March 2010). NotieSe, Agencia especializada de noticias (ed.): «Hacedoras de la Historia. Esther Chapa Tijerina» (in Spanish)