Brachypodium sylvaticum
| False brome Brachypodium sylvaticum | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Habitus | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Monocots |
| (unranked): | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Pooideae |
| Genus: | Brachypodium |
| Species: | B. sylvaticum |
| Binomial name | |
| Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) Beauv. | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Brachypodium sylvaticum, commonly known as false-brome,[1] slender false brome[2] or wood false brome, is a perennial grass native to Europe, Asia and Africa. It has a broad native range stretching from North Africa to Eurasia.[3]
The bunchgrass is most commonly found in forests and woodlands, preferring the shaded canopy, but may grow in open areas. It prefers well drained neutral and calcerous soils, and avoids wet conditions.
Description
Brachypodium sylvaticum is a tall tufted perennial bunchgrass that grows up to about a 0.9 metres (3.0 ft) high.
The drooping leaf blade of the plant is dark green, or bright-yellow green, flat and up to 12 mm wide with a fringe of hairs surrounding the edge of the leaf. The leaves do not have auricles. The leaf blade is joined to the hollow culm by the leaf sheath. This hairy sheath is open and surrounds the culm. The culm is pilose (long, soft, hairy), and typically has 4 to 5 nodes.[4] The ligules are blunt, 1–6 millimetres (0.039–0.236 in) long.
The grass has drooping narrow long spikelets of flowers on very short pedicels. The flower head is 6–20 centimetres (2.4–7.9 in) long, the plant flowering in July and August. Its awns are straight and 6–18 millimetres (0.24–0.71 in) long, projecting out of the end of the spikelets.
Wildlife value
Its seeds can be dispersed by wildlife and humans. The caterpillars of some Lepidoptera use it as a foodplant, e.g. the chequered skipper (Carterocephalus palaemon) and the Essex skipper (Thymelicus lineola).
Invasive species in North America
The grass is an introduced species in North America. Brachypodium sylvaticum is an invasive species colonizing new areas and outcompeting native plants. As this species has spread to the Pacific Northwest of the U.S. it has demonstrated a capability of dominating forest understories and open grasslands to the exclusion of all other flora found in those areas.
Recent observations suggest that populations at the leading edge of the expanding range undergo an establishment phase before they can contribute to the local invasion, perhaps because newly colonized populations are suffering from inbreeding depression.
- Oregon
Brachypodium sylvaticum is a newly invasive brome species in Oregon that is rapidly expanding in the Pacific Northwest. Although B. sylvaticum appears to be in the early phases of invasion in North America, it has become a noxious weed throughout the Willamette Valley area of Oregon in the last 20 years.[5] It is speculated that B. sylvaticum was first introduced to Oregon in range experiments when accessions from the native range were planted at two locations in the Willamette Valley anywhere between 70 and 80 years ago.[6]
References
- ↑ "BSBI List 2007". Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-02-25. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
- ↑ "Brachypodium sylvaticum". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
- ↑ Hitchcock et al. 1969
- ↑ C E Hubbard (1978). Grasses. Penguin books.
- ↑ (Kaye 2001)
- ↑ (Rosenthal et al. 2008)
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Brachypodium sylvaticum. |
- Flora of Northern Ireland: Brachypodium sylvaticum.
- Germplasm Resources Information Network: Brachypodium sylvaticum
- Johnson J, Identifying Brachypodium sylvaticum (slender false brome), San Francisco Watershed Council, January 2004.
- False-brome page from the Alaska Natural Heritage Program.