Ford Granada (Europe)

Ford Granada
Ford Granada Ghia (Mk II)
Overview
Manufacturer	Ford Europe
Production	Cologne: 1972–1994 Dagenham: 1972–1976[1]
Body and chassis
Class	Executive car (E)
Chronology
Predecessor	Ford Zephyr & Zodiac Ford 17M/20M/26M
Successor	Ford Scorpio

The European Ford Granada is a large executive car that was manufactured by Ford Europe from 1972 until 1994.

The first-generation model was produced from 1972 to 1976 at Ford’s German factory in Cologne and at its British factory in Dagenham. In 1976, production switched entirely to Germany. The original version was replaced in 1977 by a second-generation model which was produced until 1985. From 1985 to 1994, the Granada name was used, in the United Kingdom and Ireland only, for a third-generation model which was sold in other European markets as the Ford Scorpio.

Mark I (1972–1977)

Mark I
Overview
Also called	Ford Consul
Production	1972–1977
Assembly	Cologne, Germany[2]
Body and chassis
Body style	2/4-door saloon 5-door estate 2-door coupé
Powertrain
Engine	1699 cc V4 Europe 1993 cc I4 1996 cc V4 UK 1999 cc V6 Europe 2293 cc V6 Europe 2494 cc V6 UK/ZA 2551 cc V6 Europe 2792 cc V6 Europe 2994 cc V6 UK/ZA 4942 cc V8 ZA
Transmission	4-speed manual all-synchromesh
Dimensions
Wheelbase	107 in (2,718 mm) [3]
Length	180 in (4,572 mm)
Width	70.5 in (1,791 mm)
Height	53.9 in (1,369 mm)[4]
Curb weight	1,190 kg (2,624 lb) - 1,430 kg (3,153 lb)

The March 1972-released Granada succeeded the British Ford Zephyr, and the German P7-series as Ford's European executive car offering. At first, lower models in the range were called the Ford Consul. This may have been because of a lawsuit by Granada Group a major British conglomerate of the time; however, their application for an injunction failed at appeal and they could not prevent Ford registering the name Granada as a trademark^[5] thus from 1975 on they were all called Granadas. The car soon became popular for taxi, fleet, and police use. It was also converted into limousine and hearse versions by the British companies Coleman Milne and Woodall Nicholson. Traditional four-door limousines were offered (both long and short versions) alongside an unusual four-door "coupé limousine" (only 12 built),^[6] as well as hearses in either two- or four-door configurations.^[7]

Mechanically, the European Granada conformed to Ford convention, the initial range using the Ford Essex V4 unit in 2.0 L displacement, and the "Essex" V6 engine in 2.5 and 3.0 L capacities. German models employed a Ford Taunus V4 engine in 1.7 L displacement, or the 3.0L Essex V6, or, more commonly the "Cologne" V6 in 2.0, 2.3 or 2.6 L capacities. The V4 was later replaced by the Pinto unit. The car generally followed mechanical layout of its predecessors Ford Zephyr/Zodiac, using a coil-spring independent rear end, although front MacPherson struts were replaced by double wishbones, introduced 18 months earlier in smaller TC Cortina and Taunus. However, the Granada – like Ford 17M/20M/26M – featured drum brakes at rear, as opposed to the Ford Zephyr/Zodiac rear disc brakes.

The car was available as a four-door saloon, a five-door estate (Turnier) and a two-door fastback coupé. The early (1972–73) coupé had slightly different sheet metal; a more pronounced coke bottle styling. In 1974, the coupé was revised, with straighter lines. A two-door saloon joined the range in May 1973,^[8] reducing the entry-level advertised German price of the car by 415 Marks, but the two-door saloon version was never produced nor officially sold in the UK. A revised coupé was sold only in Ghia-trim in the UK; elsewhere in all trims with all engines available. This was the reverse of the situation with the TC Cortina and Taunus, where the British model had the "coke-bottle" styling. In continental Europe, the 1976-1977 Granadas were also available with the fuel-injected Cologne V6, producing 150 PS (110 kW).^[9]

South Africa

In South Africa, the Granada Perana V8, built by Basil Green Motors, was available through Ford dealers with the 302 cu in (4.9 L) Windsor V8 engine, developing 255 PS (188 kW; 252 hp) and 405 N·m (299 lb·ft) at 2600 rpm.^[10] Most Granadas in South Africa, however, were fitted with the three-litre six. The 2.5-litre V6 was also offered, although this model was discontinued in 1975 as the six-cylinder Cortina increased in sales. The Granada was introduced to South Africa in late 1972 in 3000 GXL automatic trim, with other models (3000 XL, Coupé, 2500 L) to follow. The Coupé was the last model planned, with a scheduled introduction for May 1973.^[11] The Granada replaced both the Australian-made Falcon (sold as a "Fairmont" locally) and the 20M of German origins.^[11]

• 
  Ford Consul two-door Saloon
• 
  Ford Consul four-door Saloon
• 
  Ford Granada Mark I Estate
• 
  Ford Granada Mark I Coupé, later version

Mark II (1977–1985)

Mark II
Overview
Production	1977–1985
Assembly	Cologne, Germany[2] Taiwan (Ford Lio Ho)[12] Ulsan, South Korea (Hyundai)
Body and chassis
Body style	2-door saloon 4-door saloon 5-door estate
Powertrain
Engine	Petrol: 1,593 cc I4 75 hp[13] 1,699 cc V4 70-73 hp[14] 1993 cc I4 99-101 hp[15] 1999 cc V6 90 hp[13] 2293 cc V6 108-114 hp[16] 2792 cc V6 135-160 hp[15] Diesel 1948 cc I4 54 hp (Peugeot)[17] 2112 cc I4 63 hp (Peugeot) [13] 2498 cc I4 69 hp (Peugeot) [18]
Transmission	4-speed manual all-synchromesh, 5-speed manual all-synchromesh, 3-speed auto
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,769 mm (109.0 in)[16]
Length	4,720 mm (186 in)[16] (Saloon) 4,824 mm (189.9 in)[19] (Estate/Turnier)
Width	1,791 mm (70.5 in) [16]
Height	1,416 mm (55.7 in)[16] (Saloon) 1,422 mm (56.0 in)[19] (Estate/Turnier)

The square and straight-lined Granada Mark II was released in August 1977 and was produced until April 1985 following a mild facelift and attention to drivetrain noise, vibration, and harshness in 1982. It was a development of the previous car, the main differences being the "Cologne" V6 engine in 2.0, 2.3, and 2.8 L forms replacing the older "Essex" unit (which had never been offered in the Cologne-built Granadas), and the introduction of features such as air conditioning and, for the top-priced 2.8-litre versions, fuel-injection. In mainland Europe, a 1.7 L V4 was originally available. By the time of its introduction, UK Granada production had been quietly abandoned "for some time"; UK market Granada IIs were imported from Germany.^[20] Internally within Ford, the "Cologne" 1.7, 2.0, 2.3, and 2.8 units were the last derivatives of the 'V-Taunus' range of engines.

Although most surviving Granada Mark IIs feature the body-coloured post-facelift (1981) grille, the earlier cars came with a simple black grille regardless of body colour.

1979 Ford Granada L two-door saloon (Mk II)

1981 Ford Granada Estate: the design of the rear portion was carried over from the Mark I Granada estate

The coupé was discontinued when the new model began production, although there was a two-door saloon version in certain European markets. A relatively low number of vehicles were also produced with an Indenor four-cylinder diesel engine in 1.9-, 2.1- and 2.5-litre capacities.^[21] Originally only available as four-door sedans (the later 2.5 also as an estate), most of these went to taxi operators, and few survive. The smallest 1.9 was quite underpowered and was soon replaced by the somewhat more powerful 2.1, which was presented as the "Granada GLD" in March 1979 at Geneva.^[22] By 1982, this was replaced by the more capable 2.5.^[21]

Fuel-injected 2.8 models were originally offered with an 'S' pack or GL trip. In 1979, both versions were replaced by the 2.8i GLS. Today early injections models are particularly rare. The 2.8i S model being immortalised by the vehicle used in the TV series 'The Sweeney'. Changes for 1980 were limited to new colours and new, more comfortable seats.^[23]

As the range matured with a facelift for 1981, another two models were introduced. In the UK, a sports-based Granada was introduced as the Granada 2.8 Injection which had white alloy wheels with Michelin TRX tyres, uprated suspension, a Recaro sport interior, front valance and bootlid spoilers, colour coded bumpers, front foglamps, and blackened trim. This model used the 2.8 "injected" engine from the UK Ghia model range. Towards the end of its production run, the introduction of the 2.0 and 2.3 LX saloon and estate UK marketing packs provided versions with a slightly higher specification than the "base" L models. Also towards the end of the production run, trim was used which had GL trim offered briefly on vehicles with 2.0 engines and Ghia trim available on 2.3 litre engine vehicles. These two variants are particularly rare. Late production versions also had Ghia trim offered on a diesel engine model with the introduction of the 2.5 D Ghia.

A special Ford of Britain-only marketing pack edition of the Ghia X model was later introduced as the "Ford Granada Ghia X Executive" which standardised luxury appointments such as the high-grade Connolly Leather interior that had previously been an optional fitment. Further refinements such an electric slide and tilt sunroof, electric boot release on saloons, electric seat adjustment, heated seats, trip computer, and air conditioning set the Granada Ghia X above most other cost-comparable executive cars available in the UK in the early '80s. The special "Taxi" edition was available only in black, which included a foot-operated "panic button" in the driver's footwell which would operate the alarm system. In addition to these two models, the range was complemented by estate models which reflected the same appointment levels as the entire saloon range, including the Ghia X, but not the Ghia X Executive model.

The full model range was: 1977-81 2.0 L, 2.1 D, 2.3 L, 2.3 GL, 2.5 D L, 2.8 GL, 2.8 Ghia, 2.8i S, 2.8i GL, 2.8i GLS, 2.8i Ghia.

1981-1985 2.0 L, 2.0 LX, 2.0 GL, 2.3 L, 2.3 LX, 2.3 GL, 2.3 Ghia, 2.5 D L, 2.5 D Ghia, 2.8 GL, 2.8 Ghia, 2.8 Ghia X, 2.8i Ghia, 2.8i Ghia X, 2.8i Ghia X Executive, 2.8 Injection.

Special models

Ford subcontracted assembly to Hyundai Motor Company in South Korea for sales in that market, where it continued to be sold from October 1978 to 1986 when it gave way to the Hyundai Grandeur instead of smaller European Fords like the Sierra and Escort. Production ended in December 1985, after 4,743 had been built.^[24] The car originally received a 2.0-liter V6 engine with a two-barrel Solex carburetor,^[25] but after 1980, the more economical 2-litre four-cylinder was also available. The Granada competed with the Saehan Rekord, as well as the Peugeot 604, imported by Kia Motors. Chung Mong-pil, the eldest son of Hyundai's founder Chung Ju-yung, died in a car accident in a Granada.^[24]

Additionally, hearses were offered by outside conversion companies, as well as a series of four-door limousines built by Coleman Milne.^[26] These included the slightly stretched "Minster" 15 cm, and the 68 cm longer "Dorchester" and better equipped "Grosvenor". As of autumn 1982, the Dorchester was also available in an estate version with elongated rear doors, called the "Windsor".^[27]

Mark III (1985–1994)

Ford Granada Mark III

In April 1985, the third-generation car arrived, which was essentially a rebadged Ford Scorpio, the Granada name being used in both Ireland and the United Kingdom only, with the Scorpio badge (which covered the whole range in Continental Europe) being used instead as a trim designation for the top of the range models. The Mark III Granada was the first European volume production model to have antilock brakes fitted as standard across the range.

Engine options included the familiar SOHC Pinto engine, in either tax-barrier undercutting 1.8 L form, or a more powerful 2-litre version with fuel injection available. The Cologne V6 engines were carried over from the previous range in short-lived (and not much more powerful than the 2 L Pinto) 2.4 L, and 2.8 L (later 2.9 L) capacities. In 1991, a new range-topping vehicle was introduced, the Scorpio 24-valve. It featured a 2.9 L Cologne engine that had been extensively reworked by Cosworth Engineering and featured quad camshafts and 24 valves, enough for 200 bhp (150 kW). According to Ford, this gave a 0-60 mph time of 8.1 seconds and top speed of 140 mph (230 km/h).

This version of the Granada continued the "Ford family" styling concept from the previous versions; this time, the car superficially resembled a larger version of the Cortina's successor, the Ford Sierra. It had followed the precedent set by both the Sierra and the Escort Mk III in changing from the angular saloon styling of their predecessors to an advanced aerodynamic hatchback body style.

The Ford Granada Mk III was the last car to bear the iconic Granada badge in the UK and Ireland, being replaced in 1994 with the Pan-European Scorpio. The Scorpio shared its platform doors and roof with the Mk III Granada and these elements of the cars design were unremarkable. The styling of the nose and tail sections suffered from the application of the Ford Ovoid design school being used across the Ford range in the 1990s. On the Scorpio, this appeared as a large gaping mouth, ‘bug’-eyed headlights, and a bulbous boot. A 1998 redesign did nothing to save it from being axed the same year with total European sales only 95,587 units.

• 
  1991 Ford Granada Scorpio 2.0 Saloon (Mark III)
• 
  Ford Granada Mark III 24v Cosworth
• 
  1993 Ford Granada 2.0 LXi Estate (Mark III)

References

1. By 1977 the cars, still badged as Granadas were assembled only in Germany. After 1985 cars were badged as Granadas for the UK and as Scorpios in mainland Europe: they were still produced only in Germany.
2. "Facilities". Ford Motor Company Newsroom. Retrieved 2010-07-27.
3. Culshaw; Horrobin (1974). Complete Catalogue of British Cars. London: Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-16689-2.
4. "New BIG Fords". Autocar. 136. Vol. (nbr 3960). 9 March 1972. pp. 6–11.
5. "Granada Group Ltd v Ford Motor Company Ltd [1973] RPC 49 797".
6. Martin Alford ("Albert S. Bite") on flickr.com
7. Auto Katalog 1978. Stuttgart: Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG. 1977. p. 67.
8. "Neue Basis: Ford Consul 1700 als Zweiturer". Auto Motor u. Sport. Heft. Vol. 10 1973. 16 May 1973.
9. World Cars 1977. Pelham, NY: The Automobile Club of Italy/Herald Books. 1977. p. 117. ISBN 0-910714-09-6.
10. "Granada Perana". http://www.africanmusclecars.com. Retrieved 4 September 2012. External link in |work= (help)
11. Wright, Cedric, ed. (December 1972). "Ford Granada 2500 and 3000 range". CAR (South Africa). Vol. 16 no. 11. Cape Town, South Africa: Ramsay, Son & Parker (Pty) Ltd. p. 14.
12. "Facilities | Ford Motor Company Newsroom". Media.ford.com. Retrieved 2010-07-27.
13. World Cars 1982. Pelham, NY: The Automobile Club of Italy/Herald Books. 1982. pp. 115–116. ISBN 0-910714-14-2.
14. Auto Katalog 1978. Stuttgart: Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG. 1977. pp. 27–28, 180–181.
15. "Ford Granada: Ford play safe with no major chassis changes in Granada's replacement, but all-new body with better safety and driver visibility. Smaller, lighter German V6s were adopted for the British market in 2.3- and 2.8-litre forms. In South Africa, the 3.0 Essex V6 was still used to power the top of the range models. Four-cylinder 2-litre retained for lowest powered versions....". Autocar. 147. Vol. (nbr4217). 3 September 1977. pp. 22–28.
16. "Vergleichstest: Neu Mitte .... Ford Granada L 2.3". Auto Motor u. Sport. Heft. Vol. 26 1977. 21 December 1977. pp. Seite 32–47.
17. Mazzocchi, Gianni, ed. (March 1979). "Il mercato dell'automobile - Prezzi vetture straniere nuove" [The Car Market: New Import Car Prices]. Quattroruote (in Italian). Milan, Italy: Editoriale Domus. 24 (280): 203.
18. Auto Katalog 1983. Stuttgart: Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG. 1982. pp. 34, 204–205.
19. "Test: Ford Granada 2.8 GLS Turnier". Auto Motor u. Sport. Heft. Vol. 26 1977. 21 December 1977. pp. Seite 32–47.
20. "Lots new at show of the year". Autocar. 17 September 1977. pp. 22–24.
21. Mazzocchi, Gianni, ed. (April 1984). "Estere usate" [Used Imports]. Quattroruote (in Italian). Milan, Italy: Editoriale Domus. 29 (342): 268.
22. Mazzocchi, Gianni, ed. (March 1979). "Due nuove Ford "Granada"" [Two New Ford Granadas]. Quattroruote (in Italian). Milan, Italy: Editoriale Domus. 24 (280): 71.
23. Rombauts, Walter, ed. (1979-09-15). "Nieuw 1980" [1980 News]. Keesings Auto Magazine (in Flemish). Vol. 2 no. 17. Antwerp, Belgium. p. 7.
24. Lee, Ho-jeong (2009-11-30). "Blast From the Past #10: Long before the gallop of Equus, Granada was Korea's luxury car". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 2014-12-13.
25. Korean Car World
26. Costa, Andre & Georges-Michel Fraichard, ed. (September 1, 1982). "Salon 1983: Toutes les Voitures du Monde". l'Auto Journal (in French). Paris (14-15): 210.
27. Auto Katalog 1984. Stuttgart: Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG. 1983. pp. 84, 216–217.

External links

• FGCUK Ford Granada Club UK
• The Ford Granada Owners Guild of the U.K
• Ford Granada Mk123 Club
• Granada & Scorpio Online
• The Ford Zephyr and Zodiac Owners Club of South Australia