Francis Plowden (barrister)

Francis Plowden (8 June 1749 – 4 January 1829) was an English Jesuit, barrister and writer.

Life

The title page of Plowden's Jura Anglorum (1792)^[1]

Francis Plowden, born in Shropshire on 8 June 1749, was the son of William Plowden of Plowden Hall. He was educated at St. Omer's College and entered the Jesuit novitiate at Watten in 1766.

When the Society was suppressed, he was teaching at the College at Bruges. Not being in holy orders he was, by the terms of suppression, relieved of his first vows, and soon afterwards married Dorothea, daughter of George Phillips of Carnarvonshire.

He entered the Middle Temple and practiced as a conveyancer, the only department of the legal profession open to Catholics under the Penal Laws. After the relief Act of 1791 he was called to the Bar. His first major work, Jura Anglorum, appeared in 1792, a conservative formulation of natural rights and contract theory.^[2] It was attacked in a pamphlet by his brother Robert Plowden, a priest under the title of "A Roman Catholic Clergyman". The book was so highly thought of that the University of Oxford presented him with the honorary degree of D.C.L., a unique distinction for a Catholic of those days.

His improvidence, extreme views, and intractable disposition made his life a troubled one. Having fallen out with the Lord Chancellor, he ceased to practice at the bar and devoted himself to writing. While in Dublin (1811) he published his work "Ireland since the Union" which led to a prosecution on the part of the Government for libel, resulting in a verdict of £5000 damages. Plowden considered that this was rewarded by a packed jury and determined not to pay it. He escaped to Paris where he spent the remaining years of his life in comparative poverty as a professor at the Scots College, dying on 4 January 1829, aged 79.

Works

Plowden's Historical Review of the State of Ireland (1803) was written at the request of the Government, but it was too outspoken a condemnation to meet their views, and was attacked by Richard Musgrave in the Historical Review and also by the British Critic. Plowden answered by a Posthumous Preface giving an account of his communications with Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth, and also by a Historical Letter to Sir Richard Musgrave.

His Historical Letters to Sir John Coxe Hippisley (1815) contained matter connected with the question of Catholic emancipation. His other works are:

• The Case Stated (Cath. Relief Act, 1791).
• Church and State (London, 1794).
• Treatise on the Law of Usury (London, 1796).
• The Constitution of the United Kingdom (London, 1802).
• Historical Letters to Rev. C. O'Connor (Dublin, 1812).
• Human Subordination (Paris, 1824).

References

1. Francis Plowden (1792), Jura Anglorum: The Rights of Englishmen (1st ed.), London: Printed for E. and R. Brooke, Bell-Yard, Temple-Bar, OCLC 642282439.
2. Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought, ed. Goldie & Wokler, 2006, p. 766

Attribution

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Francis Plowden". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton. The entry cites:
  • Thompson Cooper (1896). "Plowden, Francis Peter". In Lee, Sidney. Dictionary of National Biography. 45. London: Smith, Elder & Co. , s. v.
  • Joseph Gillow, Bibl. Dict. Eng. Cath. s. v.
  • John Kirk, Biographies of English Catholics
  • Henry Foley, Records Eng. Prov. S. J., IV, VII (London, 1878–80), giving pedigree of Plowden;
  • Bernard Ward, The Dawn of the Catholic Revival in England 1781-1803 (London, 1909)
  • Gentleman's Magazine (1829)

External links

• In A Compendium of Irish Biography