Frederick II, Elector of Saxony

Frederick II
Frederick the Gentle
Elector of Saxony
Reign	4 January 1428 – 7 September 1464
Predecessor	Frederick I
Successor	Ernest
Landgrave of Thuringia
Reign	7 May 1440 - 1445
Predecessor	Frederick IV
Successor	William II
Margrave of Meissen and Duke of Saxony
Reign	4 January 1428 – 7 September 1464
Predecessor	Frederick IV/I
Successor	Albert IV/III
Born	22 August 1412 Dresden, Electorate of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire
Died	7 September 1464 (aged 52) Leipzig, Electorate of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire
Spouse	Margaret of Austria
Issue among others...	Amalia, Duchess of Bavaria Anna, Electress of Brandenburg Ernest, Elector of Saxony Albert, Duke of Saxony
House	House of Wettin
Father	Frederick I, Elector of Saxony
Mother	Catherine of Brunswick and Lunenburg
Religion	Roman Catholicism

Frederick II (Friedrich, der Sanftmütige; Frederick the Gentle) (22 August 1412 in Leipzig – 7 September 1464 in Leipzig) was Elector of Saxony (1428–1464) and was Landgrave of Thuringia (1440–1445).

Biography

Frederick was the eldest of the seven children of Frederick I, Elector of Saxony, and Catherine of Brunswick and Lunenburg.

After the death of his father in 1428 he took over the government together with his younger brothers William III, Henry and Sigismund. In 1433 the Wettins finally concluded peace with the Hussites and in 1438 Frederick led Saxon forces to victory in the Battle of Sellnitz. That same year it was considered the first federal state parliament of Saxony. The parliament received the right to find together in case of innovations in fiscal matters also without summoning by the ruler.

Ernest, Elector of Saxony (1464–1486), Frederick II, Elector of Saxony (1428–1464) and Albert III, Duke of Saxony (1486–1500); Fürstenzug, Dresden, Germany

After Henry's death in 1435, and Sigismund was forced to renounce and became a bishop in (1440), Frederick and William divided their possessions. In the Division of Altenburg in 1445, William III received the Thuringian and Frankish part, and Frederick got the Eastern part of the principality. The mines remained common possessions. Disputes over the distribution led however in 1446 to the Saxon Brother War, which found an end only on 27 January 1451 with the peace of Naumburg. In the Treaty of Eger in (1459), elector Frederick, Duke William III and the king of Bohemia George of Podebrady fixed the borders between Bohemia and Saxony, at the height of the Ore Mountains (German: Erzgebirge) and the middle of the Elbe which still holds today. It belongs therefore to the oldest still existing borders of Europe.

After the death of Frederick, both of his sons, Ernest and Albert, first took over the government together. After Duke William III died in 1482, Thuringia returned to Frederick's line.

Family and issue

In Leipzig on 3 June 1431 Frederick married Margaret of Austria, the daughter of Ernest of Austria and Cymburgis of Masovia. They had eight children:

1. Amalia (b. Meissen, 4 April 1436 – d. Rochlitz, 19 October 1501), married on 21 March 1452 to Louis IX, Duke of Bavaria.
2. Anna (b. Meissen, 7 March 1437 – d. Neustadt am Aisch, 31 October 1512), married on 12 November 1458 to Albert III Achilles, Elector of Brandenburg.
3. Frederick (b. Meissen, 28 August 1439 – d. Meissen, 23 December 1451).
4. Ernest, Elector of Saxony (b. Meissen, 24 March 1441 – d. Colditz, 26 August 1486).
5. Albert, Duke of Saxony (b. Grimma, 31 July 1443 – d. Emden, 12 September 1500).
6. Margaret (b. Meissen?, 1444 – d. Seusslitz?, ca. 19 November 1498), Abbess of Seusslitz.
7. Hedwig (b. Meissen?, 31 October 1445 – d. Quedlinburg, 13 June 1511), Abbess of Quedlinburg (1458).
8. Alexander (b. Meissen, 24 June 1447 – d. Meissen, 14 September 1447).

Ancestry

Ancestors of Frederick II, Elector of Saxony

16. Frederick I, Margrave of Meissen               8. Frederick II, Margrave of Meissen                       17. Elisabeth von Lobdeburg-Arnshaugk               4. Frederick III, Landgrave of Thuringia                             18. Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor               9. Matilde of Bavaria                       19. Beatrix of Świdnica               2. Frederick I, Elector of Saxony                                   20. Berthold VII, Count of Henneberg-Schleusingen               10. Henry VIII of Henneberg-Schleusingen                       21. Adelheid of Hesse               5. Catherine of Henneberg                             22. Herman, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel               11. Judith of Brandenburg-Salzwedel                       23. Anna of Austria               1. Frederick II, Elector of Saxony                                         24. Magnus the Pious, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg               12. Magnus II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg                       25. Sophie of Brandenburg               6. Henry the Mild, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg                             26. Bernhard III, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg               13. Catherine von Anhalt-Bernburg                       27. Agnes of Saxe-Wittemberg               3. Catherine of Brunswick and Luenburg                                   28. Barnim IV, Duke of Pomerania and Rügen               14. Wartislaw VI, Duke of Pomerania-Barth                       29. Sophie von Werle zu Güstrow               7. Sophie of Pomerania                             30. John I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Stargard               15. Anna of Mecklenburg-Stargard                       31. Anna von Holstein

References

• (German) Article in the ADB
• (German) Die Wettiner