General Hospital

This article is about the American TV show. For the type of medical facility, see Hospital § Types. For other uses, see General hospital (disambiguation).
General Hospital
Also known as 'GH'
Genre Soap opera
Drama
Created by Frank and Doris Hursley
Written by Jean Passanante and Shelly Altman
Directed by See below
Starring
Theme music composer Jack Urbont
Paul Glass
Steve Hopkins
Country of origin United States
Original language(s) English
No. of episodes 13,000 (as of February 24, 2014)[1]
Production
Executive producer(s) Frank Valentini (2012–)
(and others)
Producer(s) See below
Location(s) The Prospect Studios
Los Angeles, California
Camera setup Multiple-camera setup
Running time 30 minutes (1963–76)
45 minutes (1976–78)
60 minutes (1978–present)
Production company(s) Selmur Productions (1963–68)
ABC (1968–present)
Distributor American Broadcasting Company
Release
Original network ABC
Picture format
Audio format Stereo
Original release April 1, 1963 (1963-04-01) – Present (Present)
Chronology
Followed by
Related shows
External links
Website

General Hospital (commonly abbreviated GH) is an American daytime television medical drama. It is listed in Guinness World Records as the longest-running American soap opera in production and the third longest-running drama in television in American history after Guiding Light and As the World Turns.[2][3] Concurrently, it is the world's third longest-running scripted drama series in production after British serials The Archers and Coronation Street, as well as the world's second-longest-running televised soap opera still in production. General Hospital premiered on the ABC television network on April 1, 1963. Same-day broadcasts as well as classic episodes were aired on SOAPnet from January 20, 2000, to December 31, 2013, following Disney-ABC's decision to discontinue the network. General Hospital is the longest-running serial produced in Hollywood, and the longest-running entertainment program in ABC television history. It holds the record for most Daytime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Drama Series, with 13 wins.[4]

The show was created by husband-and-wife soap writers Frank and Doris Hursley, who originally set it in a general hospital (hence the title), in an unnamed fictional city. In the 1970s, the city was named Port Charles, New York. From its beginning, General Hospital starred John Beradino and Emily McLaughlin, and both actors stayed with the show until their deaths in 1996 and 1991 respectively. They were joined a year later by Rachel Ames who remains to date the longest serving actress on an ABC soap opera, having been continuously on the show from 1964 to 2007. General Hospital was the second soap to air on ABC (after the short-lived Road to Reality, which aired for several months during the 1960–61 season). In 1964, a sister soap was created for General Hospital, The Young Marrieds; it ran for two years, and was canceled because of low ratings. General Hospital also spawned a primetime spinoff with the same name in the United Kingdom from 1972 to 1979, as well as the daytime series Port Charles (1997–2003) and the primetime spin-off General Hospital: Night Shift (2007–2008) in the United States. Taped at The Prospect Studios, General Hospital aired for a half-hour until July 23, 1976. The series was expanded from 30 minutes to 45 minutes on July 26, 1976, and then to a full hour on January 16, 1978.[5]

Ever since the late 1970s, most of the storylines have revolved around the Quartermaines and the Spencers. From 1979 to 1988, General Hospital had more viewers than any other daytime soap opera. It rose to the top of the ratings in the early 1980s in part thanks to the monumentally popular "supercouple" Luke and Laura, whose 1981 wedding brought in 30 million viewers and remains the highest-rated hour in American soap opera history.[6][7] The soap opera is also known for its high-profile celebrity guest stars who have included, among others, Roseanne Barr, James Franco and the late Elizabeth Taylor. In 2007, the program was listed as one of Time magazine's "100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME."[8] On April 23, 2009, General Hospital began broadcasting in high definition, making it the first ABC soap opera to make such a transition.[9] The series aired its 13,000th episode on February 24, 2014.[1]

General Hospital became the oldest American soap opera on September 17, 2010, following the final broadcast of CBS' As the World Turns. On April 14, 2011, ABC announced the cancellation of both All My Children and One Life to Live, leaving General Hospital as the last remaining soap opera airing on the network after January 13, 2012.[10] The show celebrated its 50th anniversary on April 1, 2013.

Show history

Origins

General Hospital was created by Frank and Doris Hursley and premiered on April 1, 1963. The first stories were mainly set on the seventh floor of General Hospital, in an unnamed midsize Eastern city (the name of the city, Port Charles, would not be mentioned until the late 1970s). "They had this concept of the show that it was like a big wagon wheel – the spokes would be the characters and the hub would be the hospital," John Beradino (Steve Hardy) later reflected to Entertainment Weekly in 1994.[11]

History

Launched in 1963, the first stories were mainly set at General Hospital in an unnamed midsized Eastern city. The name of the city, Port Charles, would not be mentioned until 1976 by headwriters Eileen and Robert Mason Pollock.[12] Storylines revolved around Dr. Steve Hardy (John Beradino) and his friend, Nurse Jessie Brewer (Emily McLaughlin). Jessie's turbulent marriage to the much-younger Dr. Phil Brewer (originally portrayed by Roy Thinnes; lastly by Martin West) was the center of many early storylines. In 1964 Audrey March (Rachel Ames), a flight attendant and sister of Nurse Lucille (Lucille Wall), came to town, and was the woman who won Steve's heart.

By the end of the 1970s, General Hospital was facing dire ratings when executive producer Gloria Monty was brought in to turn the show around. Monty is credited with creation of the first supercouple, Luke Spencer and Laura Webber, played by Anthony Geary and Genie Francis. The end of their hour wedding on November 17, 1981, was the most-watched event in daytime serial history.[7] During the 1980s, the series featured several high-profile action, adventure, and some science fiction-based storylines. Location shooting at sites including Mount Rushmore in South Dakota; Niagara Falls; Grand Ole Opry in Nashville, Tennessee; Atlantic City, New Jersey; Big Bear and Avalon (Catalina Island), California; and San Antonio, Texas are some that propelled the story.

After Gloria Monty first left the series in 1987, General Hospital entered into a transitional phase that lasted until Wendy Riche took the position of executive producer in 1992. Under Riche, the show gained critical acclaim for its sensitive handling of social issues. In 1994, Riche started an annual Nurses' Ball, a fundraiser and AIDS awareness event both on the show and in real life. Later that year, a heart transplant storyline involves the death of eight-year-old B. J. Jones (daughter of Dr. Tony Jones and R.N. Bobbie Spencer) in a bus crash and the subsequent donation of her heart to her dying cousin Maxie Jones. Shortly afterwards, Monica Quartermaine (Leslie Charleson) begins a long battle with breast cancer, which leads to her adopting Emily Quartermaine, the orphaned young daughter of Monica's friend from treatment. General Hospital was also praised for the love story of teenagers Stone Cates (Michael Sutton) and Robin Scorpio (Kimberly McCullough). After a struggle that lasted throughout most of 1995, Stone dies from AIDS at the age of 19 and his death is followed by 17-year-old Robin having to deal with being HIV-positive as a result of their relationship. Sutton received a nomination for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series and McCullough won an Outstanding Younger Actress award. ABC featured an Afterschool Special "Positive: A Journey Into AIDS" revolving around the AIDS story as well as The New York Times best selling novel Robin's Diary.

On Saturday, December 14, 1996, General Hospital aired its one of three primetime episodes, General Hospital: Twist of Fate, which picked up where that Friday's episode had left off. The special centered on Laura's supposed death at the hands of Stefan Cassadine. In 1997, the show's long-rumored spin-off materialized into the half-hour serial, Port Charles. The series' 11,000th episode aired on February 20, 2006.[13] On April 23, 2009, General Hospital became ABC's first regular daytime drama to be taped and broadcast in high definition, though the 2008 season of its primetime spinoff General Hospital: Night Shift was in high definition. This is the second daytime drama to move to high definition after CBS's The Young and the Restless. On February 23, 2010, the series aired its 12,000th episode.[14] On December 1, 2011, ABC confirmed that former One Life to Live executive producer Frank Valentini and head writer Ron Carlivati would replace longtime executive producer Jill Farren-Phelps and Garin Wolf respectively, though Wolf would remain on as a regular writer. The change took effect on January 9, 2012.[15] The first episode under the direction of Valentini aired on February 1, 2012, and Carlivati's material started airing on February 21, 2012. Several storylines reminiscent of iconic story arcs of the past were created and popular characters returned to the show in order to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the series in 2013.[16] The series marked its 51st anniversary on April 1, 2014.[17] Also in January 2014, ABC renewed the show for another season; also renewed was Carlivati's contract with the soap.[18][19] The series marked its 52nd anniversary on April 1, 2015, with a special episode revolving around the Spencer family.[20][21][22][23]

In July 2015, it was revealed that Carlivati was fired as Head Writer, with Shelly Altman and Jean Passanante rehired as replacements.[24] On September 16, 2016, Daytime Confidential reported that Valentini, Passanante and Altman re-signed with the show.[25]

Production summary

John Beradino and Emily McLaughlin celebrating the 10th Anniversary of the show in 1973.

General Hospital has aired on ABC Television and has been filmed in Hollywood since its inception. The show was filmed in the Sunset Gower Studios from 1963 to the mid-1980s. It relocated in the 1980s to The Prospect Studios, where it remains.

General Hospital has had a number of different distributors throughout the show's history, From its beginning until 1968, it was a co-production of ABC-Paramount and Selmur Productions. ABC would later buy the series outright in 1968 and its owner passed from Selmur to American Broadcasting Companies, Inc., ABC's old separate conglomerate. Ownership of the soap was then passed when the original ABC, Inc. merged with Capital Cities Communications in 1985 and it became Capital Cities/ABC, Inc. The show would change hands again when The Walt Disney Company bought Capital Cities/ABC in 1996 and Disney began to program the network and the soap in September 1997 where it remains to this day.

Cast

The 50th anniversary (2012–13) official cast photo of General Hospital.
Front row : Anthony Geary
Second row (l-r): Vanessa Marcil, Maurice Benard, Kelly Sullivan, Leslie Charleson, Laura Wright, Jane Elliot, Brooklyn Rae Silzer, Jason Thompson, Kelly Monaco, Nancy Lee Grahn, Genie Francis, Kin Shriner, Finola Hughes
Third row: Kirsten Storms, Bradford Anderson
Fourth row: Teresa Castillo, Marc Anthony Samuel, Robin Mattson, Jacklyn Zeman, Sean Kanan, Lisa LoCicero, John J. York, Kristina Wagner, Rebecca Herbst, Dominic Zamprogna, Emme Rylan, Emily Wilson, Chad Duell, Sonya Eddy, Ian Buchanan, Lynn Herring
Back row: Jimmy Deshler, Haley Pullos, Drew Cheetwood, Sean Blakemore, Tyler Christopher, Derk Cheetwood, Kelly Thiebaud.
Original cast[26]
Character Actor
Cynthia Allison Carolyn Craig
Jessie Brewer, R.N. Emily McLaughlin
Dr. Phil Brewer Roy Thinnes
Angie Costello Jana Taylor
Mike Costello Ralph Manza
Fred Fleming Simon Scott
Janet Fleming Ruth Phillips
Dr. Steve Hardy John Beradino
Roy Lansing Robert Clarke
Priscilla Longworth Allison Hayes
Dr. Ken Martin Hunt Powers
Peggy Mercer K. T. Stevens
Philip Mercer Neil Hamilton
Mrs. Weeks Lenore Kingston
Al Weeks Tom Brown
Eddie Weeks Craig Curtis

Characters

Though the series originally focused on solely the medical staff at Port Charles' General Hospital, and starred John Beradino as Dr. Steve Hardy and Emily McLaughlin as Nurse Jessie Brewer, the series branched out and began to focus more on the people and families of the town of Port Charles rather than those solely in the hospital.[27]

Port Charles is full of "dysfunctional family dynamics...and family drama remains the focal point of this town."[28] The current families on the show include the quarreling and wealthy Quartermaine family, the mobster crime Corinthos family, the middle class Scorpio/Jones family, the aristocratic Cassadine family, and the adventurous Spencer family.

Main crew members

Former notable crew members: Gloria Monty,[29] Jill Farren Phelps, Robert Guza, Jr., Charles Pratt Jr., John William Corrington, Lewis Arlt, Lynda Myles, Alan Pultz, Judith Pinsker, Joseph Behar, Stephanie Braxton, Norma Monty, Frank South, Ralph Ellis, Shelley Curtis, Hope Harmel Smith, Michael Conforti, Michele Val Jean and Ron Carlivati.[24]

Executive producers

Name Years
Selig J. Seligman 1963
James Young 1963–75
Tom Donovan 1975–77
Gloria Monty 1978–87, 1991–92
H. Wesley Kenney 1987–89
Joseph Hardy 1989–91
Wendy Riche 1992–2001
Jill Farren Phelps 2001–12
Frank Valentini 2012–present

Setting

Since the series began in 1963, Port Charles, New York, has been the setting for the show. The town exists in the same fictional universe as other soap opera settings such as Llanview (One Life to Live), Pine Valley (All My Children), New York City (Ryan's Hope), and Corinth (Loving). The same setting was also used for the show's spinoff Port Charles.

Accolades and recognition

General Hospital's cast and crew have won many awards since 1974 when the Daytime Emmy Awards were created. In 2012, the Creative Arts Emmy Awards were created. General Hospital has won 13 Daytime Emmy's for Outstanding Drama Series.[4]

In June 2009, TV Guide ranked "Luke and Laura's Wedding" #45 on its list of the 100 Greatest Episodes.[30]

Broadcast history

During the 1960s, General Hospital earned decent ratings against the likes of To Tell the Truth and The Secret Storm on CBS, but there was a decline as the 1970s came, especially when NBC's Another World became highly popular. For two years, it also faced CBS' The Price Is Right, already a major hit. After continued mediocrity in the Nielsen ratings, ABC was prepared to cancel General Hospital, but decided to give it a second chance in 1977 when it expanded the show to a full hour, from an experimental 45 minutes. However, the expansion came with an ultimatum to the producers that they had six months to improve the show's ratings. Gloria Monty was hired as the new executive producer, and on her first day, she spent an extra $100,000 re-taping four episodes. A miracle occurred thanks to Monty and head writer Douglas Marland; the show became the most watched daytime drama by 1979, marking a rare instance of a daytime serial's comeback from near-extinction. During the wedding of Luke and Laura Spencer on November 17, 1981, about 30 million people tuned in to watch them exchange vows and be cursed by Elizabeth Taylor's Helena Cassadine (later played by Constance Towers).

From 1979 to 1988, General Hospital remained number one in the ratings, competing against two low-rated soaps on NBC -- Texas and Santa Barbara—and Guiding Light on CBS (although Guiding Light experienced a renaissance for a brief period in the middle of 1984, and became the #1 rated soap, briefly dethroning General Hospital from the top ratings spot). For the most part, however, General Hospital continued to triumph, even after the departure of popular actors Anthony Geary and Genie Francis in the mid-1980s. Although The Young and the Restless took General Hospital's place as the highest-rated serial in 1989, General Hospital continued to maintain excellent ratings.

Even at its peak in the 1980s, General Hospital had been pre-empted in at least two markets in the United States. With the show still number one in the Nielsens, WDTN in Dayton, Ohio pre-empted the series upon joining ABC in January 1980 in favor of Woody Woodpecker and Super Friends cartoons. Later, the station would air such shows as Hour Magazine, Geraldo and Maury in the show's time slot until September 2000, when the station's new owners, Sunrise Broadcasting, pulled Maury from the station's schedule, due to what it called "community standards", and brought General Hospital back to Dayton. In Vermont and Plattsburgh, WVNY dropped General Hospital from the schedule in the 1980s and would only bring it back in 1995. During that hiatus, General Hospital still aired on Montreal's CFCF-TV, whose signal was decently available in Vermont and Plattsburgh.

Ever since the 1991-1992 season of General Hospital, the show has had a steady decline in ratings. On and off, it would rank between third and fifth place in the Nielsen Ratings, with CBS's The Young And The Restless and The Bold and the Beautiful coming in first and second place, respectively. General Hospital remained in between third and fifth place in the ratings during that time and from late 1991 to 1996 All My Children held the title of ABC's highest rated soap. During the 1990s General Hospital was put up against competition such as CBS's As the World Turns and NBC's Days of our Lives although neither show aired at the same time as General Hospital.

After months of speculation and cancellation rumors, Deadline.com reported on April 11, 2012, that ABC quietly made the decision to keep General Hospital on the air and to cancel instead the lower-rated talk show The Revolution.[31] On June 26, 2012, ABC officially announced that General Hospital would move to the 2 p.m. (ET) timeslot starting on September 10, 2012, once Katie Couric's new syndicated talk show, Katie, would begin to air in the 3 p.m. (ET) timeslot on many of ABC's local stations.[32] This represents the first schedule shifting for a daytime soap opera in the United States since CBS relocated As the World Turns from 1:30 p.m. (ET) to 2 p.m. (ET) in 1987.

Encore episodes were shown every weeknight on the former cable station SOAPnet, with a marathon on Saturday and classic episodes at 4 A.M. EST and 5 A.M. (3.AM, 4 A.M. CST).

Schedule

Start date End date Time slot
(ET/CT)		 Run time
(minutes)
April 1, 1963 December 27, 1963 1:00 pm/12 noon 30
December 30, 1963 July 23, 1976 3:00 pm/2:00 pm
July 26, 1976 January 13, 1978 3:15 pm/2:15 pm 45
January 16, 1978 September 7, 2012 3:00 pm/2:00 pm 60
September 10, 2012 Present 2:00 pm/1:00 pm1
Notes

ABC stations in the Mountain and Pacific time zones, and in Alaska and Hawaii follow a Central time zone schedule for daytime programming; thus, General Hospital is scheduled by the network to air at 1:00 pm in these areas.

  1. ^ In September 2014, General Hospital reclaimed its former time slot of 3:00 pm Eastern/2:00 Central and Pacific on ABC owned-and-operated stations in New York City, Philadelphia, Raleigh–Durham, Chicago, Houston, San Francisco and Los Angeles; and affiliate KSAT-TV in San Antonio.[33][34][35]

Ratings history

For historical ratings information, see List of U.S. daytime soap opera ratings

Years as #1 series
Year(s) Household Rating
1979–1980 9.9
1980–1981 11.4
1981–1982 11.2
1982–1983 9.8
1983–1984 10.0
1984–1985 9.1
1985–1986 9.2
1986–1987 8.3
1987–1988 8.1 (Tied with The Young and the Restless)
Highest-rated week in daytime history (November 16–20, 1981)
(Household ratings, Nielsen Media Research)
Serial Household rating (Time slot) Network Millions of households
1. General Hospital 16.0 (3-4pm) ABC 17.5
2. All My Children 10.2 (1-2pm) ABC 11.7
3. One Life to Live 10.2 (2-3pm) ABC 11.6
4. Guiding Light 7.9 (3-4pm) CBS 8.2

Cultural influence

Parodies and references in other media

The popularity of General Hospital has gained it many parodies and references in other mainstream programs. For example:

Famous fans

General Hospital has many famous fans, including:

Spinoffs and specials

The success of the long-running soap opera has had one sister serial, one spinoff in the United States, and two primetime spinoffs in the United States and the United Kingdom.

The Young Marrieds was ABC's first attempt at a sister serial for General Hospital. It ran for only two years, racking up a total of 380 episodes. Despite its moderate popularity, it was aired against CBS's top-rated The Edge of Night, which it could not compete against. The series finale aired on March 25, 1966, with the show's main protagonist contemplating suicide. It ended in a cliffhanger, leaving the audience wondering if the man had killed himself or not. The Young Marrieds was set in the fictional suburb of Queen's Point, which was considered by the writers to be a suburb of Port Charles.

The UK series General Hospital did not feature any characters from the American show, but was modeled after its format. It started as a half-hour program broadcast in the afternoons, which was unusual for British serials that normally aired in prime time. In 1975, it was expanded to an hour-long format and moved to Friday evenings.

Port Charles was a daytime drama that initially featured interns in a competitive medical school program,[43] and was known for having more action actually in the hospital than General Hospital itself. It also included the characters of Scotty Baldwin. Serena Baldwin, Lucy Coe, Kevin Collins, and Karen Wexler, all of whom originally appeared as characters on General Hospital.[43] As the show evolved, it tended more towards gothic intrigue, including supernatural elements such as vampires and life after death. It also switched formats from an open-ended daytime serial to 13-week story arcs known as "books", similar to Spanish language telenovelas.

General Hospital: Night Shift is the second American prime time spinoff of a daytime drama (the first being Our Private World, a spinoff of As the World Turns). Its first season aired from July 12, 2007, to October 4, 2007, on SOAPnet, a cable channel owned by ABC.[44] The series follows the nighttime adventures of familiar and new characters around the hospital. As of March 2008, the first season of the series was "SOAPnet's most-watched series ever", with ABC Daytime and SOAPnet President Brian Frons noting that Night Shift drew more than 1 million new viewers to the channel during its first season.[45]

General Hospital: Twist of Fate was a primetime special that aired on Saturday, December 14, 1996. The episode picked up where that Friday's show had left off. The special centered on Laura's supposed death at the hands of Stefan Cassadine.[46]

On April 2, 1998, General Hospital aired a primetime special in celebration of the program's 35th anniversary. Hosted by Anthony Geary, the show focused and recapped on many popular storylines including Monica's breast cancer, BJ's death, and Stone's battle with HIV. This was the first anniversary special that was broadcast in primetime and that didn't include any of the current storyline.[47][48]

General Hospital: The Real Soap Dish was a special episode of ABC news program 20/20 aired on April 6, 2013, in honor of General Hospital's 50th anniversary. It focused on the entire history of the soap, including interviews of stars and clips from the series.[49]

On September 5, 2014, General Hospital Now was announced as a new Variety Show/Soap web series airing exclusively on ABC.com hosted by longtime cast member Nancy Lee Grahn featuring appearances by the rest of the General Hospital Cast as well as Special Guests beginning in January 2015.[50][51]

On May 15 and 18, 2015, General Hospital aired two live episodes as part of its 52nd anniversary celebration, using the hashtag #GHLive to promote the broadcast on social media.[52]

References

  1. 1 2 Logan, Michael (February 15, 2014). "Exclusive: Sneak Peek at General Hospital's 13,000th Episode". TV Guide. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
  2. ↑ "Longest Running TV Drama". Arts & Media. Guinness World Records. 2009. Archived from the original on April 19, 2011. Retrieved October 7, 2012.
  3. ↑ "Longest-running TV medical drama".
  4. 1 2 Lincoln, Ross A. (May 1, 2016). "Daytime Emmy Awards Live Blog: 'General Hospital' Wins Outstanding Drama Series". Deadline.com. United States: Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  5. ↑ Boca Raton News, January 13, 1978 (via Google News archive): "'General Hospital' expands to an hour".
  6. ↑ Wolf, Buck. "Luke and Laura: Still the Ultimate TV Wedding." ABC.com November 16, 2006.
  7. 1 2 West, Abby. "Luke and Laura: 17 Great Soap Supercouples". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved January 29, 2008.
  8. ↑ Poniewozik, James (September 6, 2007). "The 100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME". Time. Time.com. Archived from the original on January 19, 2011. Retrieved March 4, 2010.
  9. ↑ Mitovich, Matt (April 6, 2009). "GH in HD: Soap Will Look Sharp for May Sweeps". TV Guide. tvguide.com. Retrieved September 9, 2012.
  10. ↑ "ABC Daytime Shakeup: Network Cancels BOTH "All My Children" & "One Life To Live", Replaces Them With Lifestyle Series". Deadline Hollywood. deadline.com. April 14, 2011. Retrieved April 15, 2011.
  11. ↑ Shaw, Jessica (April 1, 1994). "'Hospital' Birth". Entertainment Weekly. ew.com. Retrieved September 2, 2012.
  12. ↑ Reed, Jon-Michael (November 14, 1976). "Soap Life Isn't Easy For Serial Writer, Either". Ocala Star-Banner. Retrieved December 29, 2012.
  13. ↑ Wheat, Alynda (February 17, 2006). "What to Watch". EW.com. Retrieved June 13, 2009.
  14. ↑ "Watch GH's New Opening Credits | SOAPnet". Sn.soapnet.go.com. Retrieved June 1, 2010.
  15. ↑ "Valentini and Carlivati to Take the Reins at 'General Hospital'". ABC. abc.com. Archived from the original on February 7, 2012.
  16. ↑ Logan, Michael (19 March 2013). "General Hospital's Nostalgic 50th Anniversary Plans". TV Guide. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  17. ↑ Fairman, Michael (April 1, 2014). "GENERAL HOSPITAL Brings Returns,Trips Down Memory Lane & A Death To Its 51st Anniversary Episode!". Michael Fairman On-Air On-Soaps. Retrieved July 28, 2014.
  18. ↑ Kroll, Dan J (January 23, 2014). "General Hospital to continue for another year". United States: Soapcentral.com. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
  19. ↑ Fairman, Michael (January 23, 2014). "GH Head Writer Ron Carlivati Signs New Contract With The ABC Soap!". Michael Fairman On-Air On-Soaps. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
  20. ↑ Pennacchio, George (April 1, 2015). ""GENERAL HOSPITAL" GOES RETRO FOR 52ND ANNIVERSARY". KABC-TV. Disney/ABC. Retrieved April 2, 2015.
  21. ↑ "ABC's GENERAL HOSPITAL Marks 52nd Anniversary Today". broadwayworld.com. Retrieved April 2, 2015.
  22. ↑ "GENERAL HOSPITAL - NEWS ROOM". soaps.sheknows.com. March 27, 2015. Retrieved April 2, 2015.
  23. ↑ Rice, Lynnette (March 31, 2015). "Sneak Peek: Luke Searches for Answers inGeneral Hospital Anniversary Episode". People. Time Inc. Retrieved April 2, 2015.
  24. 1 2 3 SOD (July 24, 2015). "HEAD WRITER SWITCH AT GH". Soap Opera Digest. American Media, Inc. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
  25. ↑ Giddens, Jamey (September 16, 2016). "Frank Valentini and Head Writers Re-Up at General Hospital". Daytime Confidential. Confidential Media (SAY Media). Retrieved September 16, 2016.
  26. ↑ Kearney, Patricia and Buchanan, Betty (January 1976). "The Story of ABC-TV's General Hospital (First Installment)". Daytime TV: 17–24, 53–55. Retrieved March 17, 2013.
  27. ↑ "General Hospital". beta.abc.go.com. Retrieved August 8, 2016.
  28. ↑ "General Hospital". beta.abc.go.com. Retrieved August 8, 2016.
  29. ↑ "Gloria Monty, 84, Producer Who Resuscitated 'General Hospital'". The New York Times. Associated Press. April 5, 2006. p. 21. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
  30. ↑ "TV Guide's Top 100 Episodes". Rev/Views. United States. Retrieved July 4, 2016.
  31. ↑ Deadline (April 11, 2012). "ABC's The Revolution Cancelled, General Hospital Renewed". Retrieved April 11, 2012.
  32. ↑ "ABC's General Hospital time period change beginning September 10, 2012". ABC Television Network. ABC Medianet. June 26, 2012. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
  33. ↑ Lewis, Errol (August 19, 2014). "General Hospital Time Slot Switch: The Affected Stations Fall Afternoon Lineups". Soap Opera Network. United States: Manti, Inc. Archived from the original on August 21, 2014. Retrieved April 6, 2015.
  34. ↑ Fairman, Michael (September 5, 2014). "MONDAY: General Hospital Is On The Move With Its Timeslot Change In 8 Major Markets!". Michael Fairman On-Air On-Soaps. United States. Archived from the original on September 8, 2014. Retrieved April 6, 2015.
  35. ↑ SOD (September 8, 2014). "GH'S TIME SLOT CHANGE TAKES PLACE TODAY!". Soap Opera Digest. American Media. Retrieved April 6, 2015.
  36. ↑ "At a Ripe 25, 'Hospital' Is Healthy". The New York Times. nytimes.com. Associated Press. April 2, 1988. Retrieved December 19, 2012.
  37. ↑ Stephen Colbert (July 6, 2012). "Latest Soap Opera News". The Colbert Report. 0:00:50 minutes in. Comedy Central.
  38. ↑ "Big Pussy comes to 'General Hospital'". SOAPnet. sn.soapnet.go.com. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
  39. ↑ O'Connell, Andy (November 17, 1981). "General Hospital". Times-News. Associated Press. Retrieved December 31, 2012.
  40. ↑ "Luke, Laura together again". USA Today. October 24, 2006. Retrieved May 3, 2010.
  41. 1 2 "Never Not Funny".
  42. ↑ "Never Not Funny".
  43. 1 2 Tribune Media Services (June 1, 1997). "'GH' spawns spinoff 'Port Charles'". Reading Eagle. Retrieved December 31, 2012.
  44. ↑ "GH Spinoff Planned For SOAPnet." - SoapCentral.com February 12, 2007.
  45. ↑ Nordyke, Kimberly (May 27, 2008). "SoapNet renews 'Night Shift'". The Hollywood Reporter. hollywoodreporter.com. Archived from the original on September 7, 2010. Retrieved March 8, 2013.
  46. ↑ Tenillypo (September 3, 2009). "The Best of S&B: "Twist of Fate"". despairintheafternoon. Retrieved December 5, 2014.
  47. ↑ "GENERAL HOSPITAL". buddytv.com. Retrieved December 5, 2014.
  48. ↑ "General Hospital 35th Anniversary Show". New York Times. Retrieved December 5, 2014.
  49. ↑ Fairman, Michael (April 7, 2013). "General Hospital -The Real Soap Dish 20/20 Special – Who is Your All-Time Favorite GH Supercouple?". On Air Soaps. Retrieved December 5, 2014.
  50. ↑ Lewis, Errol (October 1, 2014). "COMING SOON: 'General Hospital Now' Hosted by Nancy Lee Grahn". Soap Opera Network. Retrieved December 5, 2014.
  51. ↑ "General Hospital's Nancy Lee Grahn's General Hospital Now.". soaps.sheknows.com. December 1, 2014. Retrieved December 5, 2014.
  52. ↑ "You Won't Believe What General Hospital Has Planned For May". people.com. April 2, 2015. Retrieved October 1, 2016.

Bibliography

External links

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