Meine Seele erhebt den Herren

This article is about Luther's translation of the Magnificat and its traditional setting. For other German Magnificats, see German Magnificat.

Meine Seele erhebt den Herren (My soul magnifies the Lord) is Martin Luther's translation of the Magnificat canticle. It is traditionally sung to a German variant of the tonus peregrinus, a rather exceptional psalm tone in Gregorian chant.[1] The tonus peregrinus (or ninth tone) is associated with the ninth mode or Aeolian mode.[2] For the traditional setting of Luther's German Magnificat that is the minor mode for which the last note of the melodic formula is the tonic, a fifth below its opening note.

Traditional D minor setting of Luther's German Magnificat, which is a particular German version of the ninth tone or tonus peregrinus[1]

Traditional setting

The tonus peregrinus is an exceptional reciting tone in Gregorian chant: there it was most clearly associated with Psalm 113, traditionally sung in vespers. In Lutheranism, the tonus peregrinus is associated with the Magnificat (also usually sung in vespers): the traditional setting of Luther's German translation of the Magnificat ("Meine Seele erhebt den Herren") is a German variant of the tonus peregrinus. Typical for all German variants of the tonus peregrinus, it starts with the same note as the tenor and then moves a minor third up before returning to the tenor note. Particular for the version associated with Luther's German translation of the Magnificat is that the same two notes are repeated at the start of the second half of the melodic formula.[1]

Usage of Luther's German Magnificat by various composers

Johann Sebastian Bach adopted Luther's German Magnificat in various compositions:[3]

Also in BWV 733, Fuga sopra il Magnificat, the melodic formula is used as a theme: this chorale prelude may however be the work of Bach pupil Johann Ludwig Krebs.[4][5]

Other German Baroque composers that adopted Luther's German Magnificat in their compositions include Johann Schein, Heinrich Schütz, Johann Pachelbel and Dietrich Buxtehude.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Lundberg 2012 p. 7-17
  2. ↑ Lundberg 2012, p. 45
  3. ↑ Spitta 1884, pp. 283 ff.
  4. ↑ Choralbearbeitung Meine Seele erhebt den Herren (Fuge) BWV 733 at bach-digital.de
  5. ↑ Meine Seele erhebet den Herren, BWV 733: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project

Sources


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