Glutaconic acid

Glutaconic acid
trans
cis
Space-filling model of the trans isomer
Space-filling model of the cis isomer
Names
IUPAC name
Pent-2-enedioic acid
Identifiers
628-48-8 N
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
ChEBI CHEBI:15670 YesY
ChEMBL ChEMBL557347 YesY
ChemSpider 4444138 YesY
PubChem 5280498
Properties
C5H6O4
Molar mass 130.099 g/mol
Appearance Colorless solid
Melting point 137 to 139 °C (279 to 282 °F; 410 to 412 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

trans-Glutaconic acid is an organic compound with formula HO2CCH=CHCH2CO2H. This dicarboxylic acid exists as a colorless solid and is related to the saturated chemical glutaric acid, HO2CC(CH2)3CO2H. Esters and salts of glutaconic acid are called glutaconates.

The geometric isomer, cis-glutaconic acid, has a noticeably lower melting point (130–132 °C). It can be prepared by bromination of levulinic acid followed by treatment of the dibromoketone with potassium carbonate.[1]

Glutaconic anhydride, which forms by dehydration the diacid, exists mainly as the dicarbonyl tautomer in solution. It is a colorless solid melting at 77–82 °C. Either the cis or trans diacid can be used to make it: the trans form isomerizes under the reaction conditions.[2]

Medical aspects

Glutaric, 3-hydroxglutaric, and glutaconic acids are structurally related metabolites. In Glutaric aciduria type 1, glutaconic acid accumulates, resulting in brain damage.

References

  1. Buckel, W.;Pierik, A. J.; Plett, S.; Alhapel, A.; Suarez, D.; Tu, S.-m.; Golding, B. T. (2006). "Mechanism-Based Inactivation of Coenzyme B12-Dependent 2-Methyleneglutarate Mutase by (Z)-Glutaconate and Buta-1,3-diene-2,3-dicarboxylate". Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. (18): 3622–3626. doi:10.1002/ejic.200600405.
  2. Briggs, S. P.; Davies, D. I.; Newton, R. F.; Reynolds, D. P. (1981). "The Structure of Glutaconic Anhydride and the Synthetic Utility of its Diels–Alder Adduct with Cyclopentadiene". J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans I. 146: 146–149. doi:10.1039/P19810000146.
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