Greek republic referendum, 1974

Greek republic referendum, 1974
Location	Greece
Date	8 December 1974
Results Votes % Yes 3,245,111 69.18% No 1,445,875 30.82% Valid votes 4,690,986 99.39% Invalid or blank votes 28,801 0.61% Total votes 4,719,787 100.00% Registered voters/turnout 6,244,539 75.58%
Results by constituency   >90–100% Yes   >80–90% Yes   >75–80% Yes   >70–75% Yes   >65–70% Yes   >60–65% Yes   >55–60% Yes   >50–55% Yes   >45–50% Yes   >40–45% Yes   >35–40% Yes

A referendum on retaining the republic was held in Greece on 8 December 1974.^[1] After the collapse of the military junta that ruled the country from 1967, the issue of the form of government remained unsolved. The Junta had already staged a plebiscite held on 29 July 1973, which resulted in the establishment of the Republic. However, after the fall of the military regime, the new government, under Constantine Karamanlis, decided to hold another one, as Junta legal acts were considered illegal. Constantine II, the former King, was banned by the new government from returning to Greece to campaign in the referendum, but the Karamanlis government allowed him to make a televised address to the nation.^[2] The proposal was approved by 69.2% of voters with a turnout of 75.6%.^[3]

Campaign

The referendum campaign included television debates in which Constantine himself took part on the monarchist side, whilst those debating in favour of a republic included Marios Ploritis, Leonidas Kyrkos, Phaedon Vegleris, George Koumandos, Alexandros Panagoulis and Costas Simitis, who later (from 1996 to 2004) served as Prime Minister of Greece.

Political parties abstained from taking part in the referendum campaign, with the television debates confined to ordinary citizens who represented one side or the other. On 23 November 1974 Prime Minister Karamanlis requested that his parliamentary party group adopt a neutral stance on the issue. Two televised speeches a week were given to each side, with an additional two messages broadcast by the former king; a radio broadcast on 26 November and a television speech on 6 December.

Results

On the day of the referendum, the electorate voted categorically in favour of republic. Crete gave more than 90% of its vote for a republic, whilst in around thirty constituencies the result for republic was around 60–70%. The biggest wins for monarchy were in Peloponnisos and Thrace, with around 45%. The constituencies with the highest votes for a monarchy were Laconia at 59.52%, Rhodope at 50.54%, Messenia with 49.24%, Elis at 46.88% and Argos at 46.67%.

Choice	Votes	%
For	3,245,111	69.2
Against	1,445,875	30.8
Invalid/blank votes	28,801	–
Total	4,719,787	100
Registered voters/turnout	6,244,539	75.6
Source: Nohlen & Stöver

By region

Region	FOR (%)	AGAINST (%)
Athens A	75.60	24.40
Athens B	79.59	20.41
Aetolia-Acarnania	65.63	34.67
Argolis	53.33	46.67
Arkadia	56.99	43.01
Arta	56.21	43.79
Achaea	68.54	31.46
Kavala	73.64	26.36
Boeotia	65.46	35.24
Corfu	63.47	36.53
Drama	67.41	32.59
Dodecanese	63.78	36.22
Evros	60.27	39.73
Evrytania	60.69	39.31
Euboea	65.38	34.62
Grevena	61.20	38.80
Heraklion	89.43	10.57
Ilia	53.12	46.88
Ioannina	68.70	31.30
Imathia	71.77	28.23
Thessaloniki A	79.99	20.01
Thessaloniki B	68.12	31.88
Thesprotia	64.21	35.79
Zante	62.63	37.37
Karditsa	68.79	31.21
Kastoria	55.74	44.26
Cephalonia	66.17	33.83
Kilkis	59.71	40.29
Kozani	66.11	33.89
Corinthia	62.36	37.64
Cyclades	61.72	38.28
Larissa	67.82	32.18
Laconia	40.48	59.52
Lasithi	88.42	11.58
Lesvos	77.74	22.26
Lefkada	71.22	28.78
Magnesia	71.25	28.75
Messenia	50.76	49.24
Xanthi	53.75	46.25
Piraeus A	71.95	28.05
Piraeus B	81.70	18.30
Pella	65.09	34.91
Pieria	65.54	34.46
Preveza	62.01	37.99
Rethymno	94.10	5.90
Rodopi	49.46	50.54
Samos	64.38	35.62
Serres	64.82	35.18
Trikala	67.40	32.60
Attica	65.07	34.93
Fthiotida	63.58	36.42
Florina	60.36	39.64
Fokida	62.44	37.56
Chalcidice	58.17	41.83
Chania	92.70	7.30
Chios	72.95	27.05

Aftermath

With the announcement of the results, Karamanlis said: "A cancer has been removed from the body of the nation today." On 15 December 1974, the incumbent President, Phaedon Gizikis, submitted his resignation, and Karamanlis thanked him with a personal visit and in writing for his services to the country. On 18 December 1974, Michail Stasinopoulos, a state list MP for New Democracy, was elected and sworn in as temporary President of Greece.

In February 1988, Prime Minister Constantine Mitsotakis stated in an interview given in London that, although he was a republican, the manner in which the referendum was carried out was "unfair". The statement attracted wide criticism in Greece at the time and was debated in the media.

In April 2007, the newspaper To Vima carried out a survey in which only 11.6% of those polled wished for Greece to become a monarchy again.

References

1. Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p830 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
2. Hope, Kevin. Referendum plan faces hurdles. Financial Times 1 November 2011.
3. Nohlen & Stöver, p838