Hậu Lý Nam Đế

Hậu Lý Nam Đế (後李南帝, born Lý Phật Tử (李佛子), c. 518 – 606) was the last king of the Early Lý dynasty, founded by his cousin Lý Nam Đế. He reigned in Vạn Xuân (present-day north Vietnam) from 571 to 602.^[1]

Clash with Triệu Việt Vương

History of
Vietnam

2879–258 BC	Hồng Bàng dynasty
2879–1913 BC	• Early Hồng Bàng
1912–1055 BC	• Mid-Hồng Bàng
1054–258 BC	• Late Hồng Bàng
257–179 BC	Thục dynasty
207–111 BC	Triệu dynasty
111 BC–40 AD	*1st Chinese domination*
40–43	Trưng Sisters
43–544	*2nd Chinese domination*
544–602	Early Lý dynasty
602–938	*3rd Chinese domination*
939–967	Ngô dynasty
968–980	Đinh dynasty
980–1009	Early Lê dynasty
1009–1225	Later Lý dynasty
1225–1400	Trần dynasty
1400–1407	Hồ dynasty
1407–1427	*4th Chinese domination*
1407–1413	• Later Trần dynasty
1428–1788	Later Lê dynasty
1527–1592	• Mạc dynasty
1545–1787	• Trịnh clan
1558–1777	• Nguyễn clan
1778–1802	Tây Sơn dynasty
1802–1945	Nguyễn dynasty
1858–1945	French Indochina
1945	Empire of Vietnam
From 1945	Republic
1945–1976	• North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
1955–1975	• South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam)
From 1976	Unification of Vietnam

Further subjects

Lý was of Chinese descent.^[2]^[3]^[4] Lý Phật Tử and Triệu Việt Vương had a peace agreement in place; however, Lý Phật Tử had ambitions to claim to the entire territory of Việt people. Around 570 AD, Lý Phật Tử's army overran Long Biên, a region that belonged to Triệu Việt Vương, and seized it. Triệu Việt Vương was caught by surprise and defeated, he retreated to the river Đại Nha (now in Nam Định Province, northern Vietnam) where he killed himself. Lý Phật Tử then proclaimed himself Lý Nam Đế II and went on to rule Vạn Xuân (Vietnam) as an independent state for the next 32 years.

Fall of Lý Nam Đế II and the 3rd Chinese domination

In 602 AD, the new Sui dynasty emerged as the sole power in a unified China after having defeated the Liang dynasty. The new Sui Emperor Sui Wendi sent a 120,000-man army to invade Vạn Xuân and re-claim dominion over the Viet people. Lý Nam Đế II realized his army would not be strong enough to engage in a major conflict with the Sui invading force. At the same time, Lý Nam Đế II also received enormous pressure from his ruling administration to avoid any confrontation with the emerging Sui Dynasty. In the winter of 602, when the Sui force marched on Vạn Xuân, Lý Nam Đế II controversially decided to abdicate in exchange for peace and political stability in the region.

The Sui dynasty lasted only until 618 AD. It was replaced by the more powerful Tang dynasty. For the next 300 years, China continued to dominate Việt Nam until Ngô Quyền drove out a Southern Han army in 939 AD, and ushered in a long period of independence in Việt Nam history.

Aftermath of Early Lý dynasty

The Early Lý dynasty, although defeated, proved that it was capable of independence and self-rule. Through more than 60 years of rebellion and defiance, the national sentiment of Viet people was awakened. When the northern imperial power began showing signs of weakness and disunity at the end of the Tang dynasty, the Việt people would seize the opportunity to slip from under the Chinese rule.

References

↑ Anh Thư Hà, Hồng Đức Trần A Brief Chronology of Vietnam's History 2000 Page 22 "draw to a cave in Tam Nông (Phú Thọ), while his relatives Lý Thiên Bảo and Lý Phật Tử led a number of troops to Thanh Hóa. The King fell seriously ill. After handing the powers to Triệu Quang Phục for continuing the struggle, the King died ..."
↑ Taylor (1991), p. 155 The Birth of Vietnam, p. 155, at Google Books
↑ Coedès (1966), p. 45 The Making of South East Asia, p. 45, at Google Books
↑ Coedès (1966), p. 46 The Making of South East Asia, p. 46, at Google Books

Preceded by Triệu Việt Vương	Ruler of Vietnam 571–602	Succeeded by Third Chinese domination

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