HMS Carlisle (D67)
 In wartime camouflage, 1942 | |
| History | |
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| Class and type: | C-class light cruiser |
| Name: | HMS Carlisle |
| Builder: | Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company |
| Laid down: | 2 October 1917 |
| Launched: | 9 July 1918 |
| Commissioned: | 11 November 1918 |
| Out of service: | Sold 5 April |
| Reclassified: |
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| Fate: | Broken up at Alexandria in 1949 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tons burthen: | 4,190 tons |
| Length: | 451.4 ft (137.6 m) |
| Beam: | 43.9 ft (13.4 m) |
| Draught: | 14 ft (4.3 m) |
| Propulsion: |
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| Speed: | 29 knots (54 km/h) |
| Range: | carried 300 tons (950 tons maximum) of fuel oil |
| Complement: | 330-350 |
| Armament: |
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| Armour: |
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HMS Carlisle was a C-class light cruiser of the Royal Navy, named after the English City of Carlisle. She was the name ship of the Carlisle group of the C-class of cruisers. Carlisle was credited with shooting down eleven Axis aircraft during the Second World War, and was the top scoring anti-aircraft ship in the Royal Navy.[1]
Construction and early years
She was laid down by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company in 1917, and launched on 9 July 1918. She was completed with a hangar positioned under the bridge, and she was to carry aircraft. This was never carried out and the hangar was later removed. Carlisle was commissioned too late to see action in the First World War.
In 1919 Carlisle joined the 5th Light Cruiser Squadron at Harwich. During March 1919 she left Harwich in company with the squadron, and took up station in China.
On the evening of 3 March 1921, the Singaporean passenger ship SS Hong Moh ran aground on the White Rocks off Lamock Island, Swatow, China, and was wrecked with the loss of an estimated 900 to 1,000 lives. The steamer SS Shanti discovered the wreck on the morning of 4 March and rendered assistance, rescuing 45 survivors before steaming to Swatow to seek additional help for Hong Moh. Upon receiving word of the disaster, the British consul at Swatow informed the British Senior Naval Officer at Hong Kong, who in turn broadcast a wireless message requesting ships to come to Hong Moh′s aid. The Royal Navy sloop HMS Foxglove arrived on the scene late on 5 March but was unable to locate the wreck in the darkness. Carlisle joined Foxglove on the scene at dawn on 6 March, and the two ships located Hong Moh and began to rescue additional survivors, with Foxglove taking 28 or 48 (sources differ) survivors on board before having to depart late in the afternoon to refuel. Carlisle continued to work throughout the night of 6-7 March using searchlights and through the daylight hours of 7 March. Carlisle′s commanding officer, Edward Evans, swam over to the wreck at around 20:00 on 7 March to help the last few survivors get aboard the ship′s boats. Carlisle finally ceased rescue operations at 23:00 on 7 March. At dawn on 8 March, Carlisle′s boats approached the wreck of Hong Moh but found no further signs of life, so Carlisle departed for Hong Kong with 221 survivors aboard. Among the officers and ratings of Carlisle, Evans, along with Lieutenant-Commander Ion Tower and Gunner John G. Dewar, were awarded the Board of Trade Silver Medal for Gallantry in Saving Life at Sea, while Leading Seaman W. G. Eldrett and Able Seaman A. E. Whitehead received the award in Bronze.[2][3]
Carlisle was refitted between 1921 and 1929 and went on to serve on the Africa Station with the 6th Cruiser Squadron. In February 1930, Carlisle was docked in the Selborne dry dock at Simon's Town, South Africa prior to becoming a unit of the 2nd cruiser squadron Atlantic (Home Fleet). On 16 March 1937 she was relieved by the cruiser HMS Neptune and returned to the United Kingdom to be reduced to the reserve. In June 1939 Carlisle started a conversion to an antiaircraft cruiser, with eight 4-inch (102-mm) QF MK16 and 1 quadruple 2-pounder Pom-Poms being fitted. This conversion was completed in January 1940. Carlisle was fitted with radar during her conversion and introduced the Type 280 combined air warning and gunnery radar into the Royal Navy; she thus became the first naval vessel to be equipped with an anti-aircraft fire control radar system.[4]
Early war service
She then spent a brief period with the Home Fleet, in which she participated in the allied opposition to the German invasion of Norway. She was employed on escort duties of a troop convoy consisting of the 148th Infantry Brigade who went ashore at Åndalsnes; with this the German position in Trondheim was threatened from the north and south (Operation Sickle). Later during the month the sloop HMS Bittern was mistaken for a cruiser and was badly damaged by German JU88s and had to be sunk by HMS Janus. In August Carlisle was serving in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden area when she assisted in the evacuation of British troops, civilians and the sick from Berbera in British Somaliland to Aden before Berbera was occupied by Italian troops.
Mediterranean
She returned to the Eastern Fleet in August 1940 after being converted to an anti-aircraft ship in 1940. Like most of her sisters, she was then assigned to the Mediterranean Sea, departing the Far East in March 1941. Once in the Mediterranean, she was used to escort convoys as an A/A vessel of the 15th cruiser squadron for convoys from Alexandria to Greece (Operation Lustre). She became involved in Battle of Cape Matapan, as well as the first and second battles of Sirte. She was also involved in the naval attack during the Battle of Crete in 1941, and was hit and damaged in an air attack on the 22 May whilst attacking an enemy convoy. A direct hit killed her Commanding Officer, Capt. Thomas Cloud Hampton, RN. The British destroyer HMS Kingston went alongside to give assistance, whilst Carlisle continued to engage the enemy. She went on to rescue the survivors of the SS Thistlegorm after the ship was sunk in an air attack on 5 October 1941. By December, the cruiser was back performing convoy duties between Alexandria and Malta, she was tasked to support the commissioned auxiliary supply ship HMS Breconshire.
Damage and reclassification
In July 1943, she provided escort for the support force for the Allied landings in Sicily. During September–October, during the German counterattack in the Aegean Sea, Carlisle made a sortie into the area south of Piraeus with the destroyers HMS Panther and HMS Rockwood in order to intercept German convoys in the Scarpanto Strait. On 9 October 1943 they were spotted by German Ju 87 dive bombers from I. StG 3 of Megara Air Base which succeeded in sinking HMS Panther at 12.05 hrs and later on seriously damaged Carlisle. She was taken in tow to Alexandria by Rockwood. She was considered to be beyond economical repair as a warship, and instead was converted to serve as a base ship in the harbour of Alexandria in March 1944. She was last listed as a hulk in 1948 after the war had ended, and was broken up in 1949.
Carlisle's badge can still be seen painted on the side of the Selborne dry dock wall at Simonstown, South Africa.
Notes
- ↑ Navweapons British 4"/45 (10.2 cm) QF HA Marks XVI, XVII, XVIII and XXI
- ↑ "Findings of the Marine Court of Inquiry" (PDF). Hong Kong Government Gazette: 226–227. 27 May 1921.
- ↑ Maritime Connector: Passenger Ship Incidents Archived September 24, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Howse, Radar at Sea, p43
References
- Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8. OCLC 67375475.
- Jane's Fighting Ships of World War One (1919), Jane's Publishing Company
- HMS Carlisle at Uboat.net
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1942  1943  1944September 1943 November 1943 | |