Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein

Hans-Adam II
Hans-Adam II
Prince of Liechtenstein
Reign	13 November 1989 – present
Predecessor	Franz Joseph II
Heir apparent	Alois
Regent	Alois (15 August 2004 – present)
Prime Ministers	See list Hans Brunhart Markus Büchel Mario Frick Otmar Hasler Klaus Tschütscher Adrian Hasler
Regent of Liechtenstein
Regency	26 August 1984 – 13 November 1989
Monarch	Franz Joseph II
Prime Minister	Hans Brunhart
Born	14 February 1945 Zürich, Switzerland
Spouse	Countess Marie Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau (m. 1967)
Issue Detail	Prince Alois Prince Maximilian Prince Constantin Princess Tatjana
Full name Johannes Adam Ferdinand Alois Josef Maria Marco d'Aviano Pius
House	Liechtenstein
Father	Franz Joseph II
Mother	Countess Georgina von Wilczek
Religion	Roman Catholic

Hans-Adam II (Johannes Adam Ferdinand Alois Josef Maria Marco d'Aviano Pius; born 14 February 1945) is the reigning Prince of Liechtenstein. He is the son of Franz Joseph II, Prince (Fürst) of Liechtenstein (1906–1989) and his wife Countess Georgina von Wilczek (1921–1989). He also bears the titles Duke of Troppau and Jägerndorf, and Count Rietberg.

Early life

Photo by Erling Mandelmann, 1974

Prince Hans-Adam was born on 14 February 1945 in Zürich, Switzerland as the eldest son of Prince Franz Joseph II and Princess Gina of Liechtenstein. His father had succeeded as Prince of Liechtenstein upon the death of his childless grand-uncle, Prince Franz I, in 1938, and Hans-Adam was thus hereditary prince from birth.

In 1969, Hans-Adam graduated from the University of St. Gallen with a Licentiate (equivalent to a master's degree) in Business and Economic Studies.

In 1984, Prince Franz Joseph II, while legally remaining head of state and retaining the title of sovereign prince, formally turned the power of making day-to-day governmental decisions over to his eldest son as a way of beginning a dynastic transition to a new generation. Hans-Adam formally succeeded as Prince of Liechtenstein upon the death of his father on 13 November 1989.

Powers

A referendum to adopt Hans-Adam's revision of the constitution to expand his powers passed in 2003.^[1]

On 15 August 2004 Prince Hans-Adam II formally turned the power of making day-to-day governmental decisions over to his eldest son, the Hereditary Prince Alois, as a way of beginning a dynastic transition to a new generation. Legally, Hans-Adam remains Head of State.^[2]

In July 2012 the people of Liechtenstein overwhelmingly rejected a proposal to curtail the political power of the princely family. Despite an almost year-long campaign by those who proposed the changes, 76% of those voting in a referendum supported the Prince's power to veto the outcome of future referendums.^[3] Legislators, who serve on a part-time basis, rose in the prince's defence on 23 May, voting 18 to 7 against the citizens' initiative.^[4] Prince Hans-Adam reacted to the result: "It is with joy and gratitude that the Princely House of Liechtenstein has taken note that a large majority of the population would like to continue the hitherto so successful 300-year partnership between the people and the Princely House."^[5] The prince had threatened to quit the country if the 2003 referendum did not result in his favor.

Personal wealth

Prince Hans-Adam owns LGT banking group and has a family fortune of $7.6 billion and a personal fortune of about $4.0 billion,^[6] making him one of the world's richest heads of state, and Europe's wealthiest monarch.^[7] He owns an extensive art collection, much of which is displayed for the public at the Liechtenstein Museum in Vienna.

Personal life

Hans-Adam descends in the direct male line from three of the previous fourteen Princes of Liechtenstein, and from another three in the female line. His native language is German, but he is also fluent in English and French.

On 30 July 1967, at St. Florin's in Vaduz, he married his second cousin once-removed, Countess Marie Aglaë Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau (born 1940) who, upon her husband's accession to the throne, became Her Serene Highness The Princess of Liechtenstein. Their official residence is at Vaduz Castle, which overlooks the capital.

They have four children and 15 grandchildren:

Liechtensteiner Princely Family
HSH The Prince HSH The Princess HSH The Hereditary Prince HRH The Hereditary Princess HSH Prince Joseph Wenzel HSH Princess Marie-Caroline HSH Prince Georg HSH Prince Nikolaus HSH Prince Maximilian HSH Princess Angela HSH Prince Alfons HSH Prince Constantin HSH Princess Marie HSH Prince Moritz HSH Princess Georgina HSH Prince Benedikt HSH Princess Tatjana Extended princely family

• Hereditary Prince Alois (b. Zürich, 11 June 1968) He married Duchess Sophie of Bavaria on 3 July 1993, 4 children:
  • Prince Joseph Wenzel Maximilian Maria of Liechtenstein, Count Rietberg (born 24 May 1995 in London)
  • Princess Marie-Caroline Elisabeth Immaculata of Liechtenstein, Countess Rietberg (born 17 October 1996 in Grabs, Switzerland)
  • Prince Georg Antonius Constantin Maria of Liechtenstein, Count Rietberg (born 20 April 1999 in Grabs)
  • Prince Nikolaus Sebastian Alexander Maria of Liechtenstein, Count Rietberg (born 6 December 2000, in Grabs)
• Prince Maximilian of Liechtenstein (b. St Gallen, 16 May 1969); He married Angela Gisela Brown civilly in Vaduz on 21 January 2000 and religiously in New York City, New York, in the Church of St. Vincent Ferrer, on 29 January 2000, 1 child:
  • Prince Alfons Constantin Maria (b. London, 18 May 2001)
• Prince Constantin Ferdinand Maria (b. St Gallen, 15 March 1972), married civilly in Vaduz on 14 May 1999 and religiously in Číčov, Slovakia, on 18 July 1999 Countess Marie Gabriele Franziska Kálnoky de Kőröspatak (b. Graz, 16 July 1975),^[8] 3 children:
  • Prince Moritz Emanuel Maria (b. New York City, 27 May 2003)
  • Princess Georgina Maximiliana Tatiana Maria (b. Vienna, 23 July 2005)
  • Prince Benedikt Ferdinand Hubertus Maria (b. Vienna, 18 May 2008)
• Princess Tatjana Nora Maria (b. St Gallen, 10 April 1973), married in Vaduz on 5 June 1999 Matthias Claus-Just Carl Philipp von Lattorff (b. Graz, 25 March 1968), 7 children:
  • Lukas Maria von Lattorff (b. Wiesbaden, 13 May 2000)
  • Elisabeth Maria Angela Tatjana von Lattorff (b. Grabs, 25 January 2002)
  • Marie Teresa von Lattorff (b. Grabs, 18 January 2004)
  • Camilla Maria Katharina von Lattorff (b. Monza, 4 November 2005)
  • Anna Pia Theresia Maria von Lattorff (b. Goldgeben, 3 August 2007)
  • Sophie Katharina Maria von Lattorff (b. Goldgeben, 30 October 2009)
  • Maximilian Maria von Lattorff (b. Goldgeben, 17 December 2011)

The Prince is an honorary member of K.D.St.V. Nordgau Prag Stuttgart, a Catholic students' fraternity that is a member of the Cartellverband der katholischen deutschen Studentenverbindungen. The Prince donated $12 million in 2000 to found the Liechtenstein Institute on Self-determination (LISD) at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs.^[9][10] In his childhood he joined the Pfadfinder und Pfadfinderinnen Liechtensteins in Vaduz.^[11] He is also a former member of the Viennese Scout Group "Wien 16-Schotten".^[12] He is a member of the World Scout Foundation.^[13]

Today he and his wife are patrons of Pfadfinder und Pfadfinderinnen Liechtensteins.

He is the 1,305th Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in Austria.

Viewpoints and book

Prince Hans-Adam II has written the political treatise The State in the Third Millennium (ISBN 9783905881042), which was published in late 2009. In it, he argues for the continued importance of the nation-state as a political actor. He makes the case for democracy as the best form of government, which he sees China and Russia as transitioning towards although the path will be difficult for these nations. He also declared his role in a royal family as something that has legitimacy only from the assent of the people. He stated that government should be limited to a small set of tasks and abilities, writing that people "have to free the state from all the unnecessary tasks and burdens with which it has been loaded during the last hundred years, which have distracted it from its two main tasks: maintenance of the rule of law and foreign policy.”^[14]

Prince Hans-Adam II and Princess Marie on a state visit to Vienna in 2013

In an interview, recorded in November 2010, Hans-Adam said that he saw certain problems with aspects of the US Constitution, such as the lack of direct democracy. He also said, "I am sitting here and that's because Americans saved us during World War II and during the Cold War. So I am very grateful to them."^[15]

Prince Hans-Adam II offered a major contribution to the study of self-determination in the Foreword to a "Sourcebook, on Self-Determination and Self-Administration," edited by Wolfgang F. Danspeckgruber and Sir Arthur Watts, ISBN 1-55587-786-9, 1997; and in the Encyclopedia Princetoniensis.^[16]

In September 2011, ahead of a referendum on decriminalising abortion, Alois announced that he would veto any relaxation of the ban on abortion, whatever the voters decided in the referendum. In Liechtenstein, women wanting to end a pregnancy have to travel to neighbouring Germany or Austria.^[3]

Titles, styles and honours

Titles and styles

• 14 February 1945 – 13 November 1989: His Serene Highness The Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein.
• 13 November 1989 – present: His Serene Highness The Prince of Liechtenstein.

The official title of the Prince is Fürst von und zu Liechtenstein, Herzog von Troppau und Jägerndorf, Graf zu Rietberg, Regierer des Hauses von und zu Liechtenstein.^[17] (Prince of and at Liechtenstein, Duke of Troppau and Jägerndorf, Count at Rietberg, Sovereign of the House of and at Liechtenstein) There is a distinction between the German titles of a reigning Fürst and non-reigning descendants of a Fürst who are titled Prinz.^[18]

Honours and awards

National honours

•  Liechtenstein: Sovereign Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Grand Star^[19][20][21]
•  Liechtenstein: Sovereign Recipient of the 70th Birthday Medal of Prince Franz Joseph II^[22]

Foreign honours

• Austria
  • Austrian-Hungarian Imperial and Royal family: 1,305th Knight with Collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece^[23]
  •  Austria: Grand Cross of the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria, Grand Star^[24][25]
• Bavarian Royal Family: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Hubert^[19]

Awards

•  Austria: Honorary degree of the University of Innsbruck^[26]
•  Romania: Honorary degree of the Babeș-Bolyai University^[27]

Ancestry

Ancestors of Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein

16. Prince Franz de Paula of Liechtenstein               8. Prince Alfred of Liechtenstein                       17. Countess Julia Eudoxia Potocka-Piława               4. Prince Aloys of Liechtenstein                             18. Aloys II, Prince of Liechtenstein               9. Princess Henriette Maria of Liechtenstein                       19. Countess Franziska Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau               2. Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein                                   20. Archduke Franz Karl of Austria               10. Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria                       21. Princess Sophie of Bavaria               5. Archduchess Elisabeth Amalie of Austria                             22. King Miguel of Portugal               11. Infanta Maria Theresa of Portugal                       23. Princess Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg               1. Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein                                         24. Count Johann Nepomuk von Wilczek               12. Count Johann Nepomuk von Wilczek                       25. Countess Emma Maria Emo Capodilista               6. Count Ferdinand Maria von Wilczek                             26. Ferdinand Bonaventura, 7th Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau               13. Countess Elisabeth Wilhelmine Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau                       27. Princess Maria Josepha of Liechtenstein               3. Countess Georgina von Wilczek                                   28. Count Johann Baptist Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau               14. Count Oktavian Zdenko Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau                       29. Iphigénia Terézia Dadányi de Gyülvész               7. Countess Norbertine Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau                             30. Count György László Festétics de Tólna               15. Countess Georgine Ernestine Festétics de Tólna                       31. Countess Eugénia Barbara Erdödy de Monyorókerék et Monoszló

See also

• Line of succession to the Liechtensteiner throne
• List of monarchs of Liechtenstein
• Prince of Liechtenstein Foundation
• Princely Family of Liechtenstein

References

1. Liechtenstein prince wins powers BBC News Online, 16 March 2003. Retrieved 29 December 2006.
2. Country profile: Liechtenstein – Leaders BBC News, 6 December 2006. Retrieved 29 December 2006.
3. Foulkes, Imogen. (1 July 2012) BBC News – Liechtenstein referendum rejects curbs on royal powers. Bbc.co.uk.
4. The Prince vs. the 'Paupers' – By Michael Z. Wise. Foreign Policy (29 June 2012).
5. Fuerstenhaus
6. Fleck, Fiona (17 March 2003). "Voters give billionaire prince new powers". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
7. Liechtenstein redraws Europe map BBC News Online, 28 December 2006. Retrieved 29 December 2006.
8. Countly House of Kálnoky. Angelfire.com.
9. Bloom, Molly. (12 December 2000) Opening of Liechtenstein institute draws international dignitaries. The Daily Princetonian
10. Liechtenstein Institute on Self-Determination at Princeton University Mission & Outreach: The Liechtenstein Institute (retrieved 23 January 2015)
11. Fürst Hans-Adam II. Retrieved 29 January 2008.
12. Brósch-Fohraheim, Eugen (October 2008). "Schwedischer König als Pfadfinder in Wien-Zusammenkunft der "Weltpfadfinderstiftung" in Wien 2008". 29 live (in German): 21.
13. Seine Majestät Carl XVI Gustaf König von Schweden zu Gast in Wien Retrieved 29 October 2008.
14. "H.S.H. Prince Hans-Adam II – The State in the Third Millennium". Uncommon Knowledge. 22 November 2010. Retrieved 2 December 2010.
15. Chiefa Coins, Nov. 2010, retrieved 13 Nov. 2014
16. http://lisd.princeton.edu/projects/encyclopedia-princetoniensis-princeton-encyclopedia-self-determination-pesd
17. "Hausgesetz". Fuerstenhaus.li. Sekretariat Seiner Durchlaucht des Fürsten von Liechtenstein. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
18. "S.D. Fürst Hans-Adam II.". Fuerstenhaus.li. Sekretariat Seiner Durchlaucht des Fürsten von Liechtenstein. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
19. http://i71.photobucket.com/albums/i152/Tais419/sophiebayern2.jpg
20. http://polpix.sueddeutsche.com/bild/1.986928.1355815197/860x860/kieber-liechtenstein-steuercd.jpg
21. http://www.kommunikation.steiermark.at/cms/beitrag/11693611/374565/
22. Military Collection
23. Geneall
24. https://cbsminnesota.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/71425084_10.jpg
25. Parliamentary question, page=903. (PDF)
26. http://www.uibk.ac.at/public-relations/presse/archiv/2012/062201/index.html.de
27. http://www.romaniaregala.ro/jurnal/principele-suveran-de-liechtenstein-omagiat-la-cluj/

External links

• Official website
• 2004: Royal power handover – Prince Alois says democracy still strong Real Audio sound file from the BBC.
• Interview with Peter Robinson of Uncommon Knowledge