Haplogroup HIJK

Haplogroup HIJK
Possible time of origin	approx. 45,000-50,000 BCE (i.e. similar to estimates for Haplogroups GHIJK, H and IJK)
Possible place of origin	South West Asia or South Asia
Ancestor	Haplogroup GHIJK
Descendants	H, IJK
Defining mutations	F929/M578/PF3494/S6397[1]

Haplogroup HIJK, defined by the SNPs F929, M578, PF3494 and S6397,^[1] is a common Y-chromosome haplogroup. Like its parent macrohaplogroup GHIJK, Haplogroup HIJK and its subclades comprise the vast majority of the world's male population.

HIJK branches subsequently into two direct descendants: IJK (L15/M523/PF3492/S137) and H (L901/M2939). IJK in turn splits into IJ (F-L15) and K (M9). The descendants of Haplogroup IJ are haplogroups I and J, while Haplogroup K is, ultimately, the ancestor of major haplogroups M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, L, and T.

Distribution

The basal paragroup HIJK* has not been identified in living males or ancient remains.

Populations with high proportions of males who belong to descendant major haplogroups of Haplogroup HIJK live across widely dispersed areas and populations.

South Asia was where Haplogroup H (L901/M2939) almost certainly originated, and became concentrated before the mass migrations of the modern era. South Asia was also where two haplogroups descended ultimately from IJK (L15/M523/PF3492/S137) remained concentrated and/or prominent, namely Haplogroups L and R.

Males belonging to other subclades of IJK are concentrated in:

• Europe (e. g. haplogroups I, R and N);
• the Middle East and North East Africa (e. g. haplogroups J and T);
• South Asia (e.g. haplogroups H, K, L and R);
• South East Asia and many Pacific Islands (e. g. haplogroups K, M, O, P, S)
• northern Eurasia (e. g. haplogroups N and Q) and;
• many Native American peoples (e. g. haplogroup Q) outside Alaska and Western Canada.

Footnotes

1. ISOGG, 2015, Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015 (8 September 2015).

See also

Genetics

• Archaeogenetics of the Near East
• Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups
• Genetic Genealogy
• Haplogroup
• Haplotype
• Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
• Molecular Phylogeny
• Paragroup
• Subclade
• Y-chromosomal Aaron
• Y-chromosome haplogroups by populations
• Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic groups
• Y-DNA haplogroups in South Asian populations

Backbone Tree

Phylogenetic tree of human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups [χ 1][χ 2]
	"Y-chromosomal Adam"
		A00	A0-T [χ 3]
			A0	A1 [χ 4]
				A1a	A1b
					A1b1		BT
							B	CT
								DE						CF
							D	E		C		F
															F1	F2		F3	GHIJK
																				G	HIJK
																							IJK	H
																						IJ	K
																				I	J		LT [χ 5]		K2
																								L	T [χ 6]		NO [χ 7]	K2b [χ 8]	K2c	K2d		K2e [χ 9]
																											N	O		K2b1 [χ 10]	P
																													K2b1a[χ 11]	K2b1b	K2b1c	M		P1	P2
																									K2b1a1	K2b1a2	K2b1a3	S [χ 12]		Q	R
Y-DNA by populations Famous Y-DNA haplotypes
Van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome". Human Mutation. 35 (2): 187–91. doi:10.1002/humu.22468. PMID 24166809. International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015), Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015. (Access date: 1 February 2015.) Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A0'1'2'3'4. Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4. Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1. Between 2002 and 2008, Haplogroup T (M184) was known as "Haplogroup K2" – that name has since been re-assigned to K-M526, the sibling of Haplogroup LT. Haplogroup NO (M214) is also known as Haplogroup K2a (although the present Haplogroup K2e was also previously known as "K2a"). Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS. Haplogroup K2e (K-M147) was previously known as "Haplogroup X" and "K2a" (but is a sibling subclade of the present K2a, also known as Haplogroup NO). Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is similar to the former Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure. Haplogroup K2b1a has also been known as Haplogroup S-P405. Haplogroup S (S-M230), also known as K2b1a4, was previously known as Haplogroup K5.