Harlem Globetrotters

Harlem Globetrotters
Leagues	Independent
Founded	1926
History	1926–27: Chicago GlobeTrotters 1928–29: New York Harlem Globetrotters 1929–present: Harlem Globetrotters
Arena	Family entertainment
Location	Corporate office in Atlanta; international satellite office in Beijing
Team colors	Blue, Red, White
President	Howard Smith[1]
Head coach	Jimmy Blacklock (coach) Lou Dunbar (coach) Barry Hardy (coach)
Ownership	Herschend Family Entertainment
Website	www.harlemglobetrotters.com
Uniforms
Home Away

The Harlem Globetrotters are an exhibition basketball team that combines athleticism, theater, and comedy. Over the years they have played more than 26,000 exhibition games in 122 countries and territories. The team's signature song is Brother Bones's whistled version of "Sweet Georgia Brown". Their mascot is an anthropomorphized globe named Globie. The team plays over 450 live events worldwide each year. The team is currently owned by Herschend Family Entertainment. The executive offices for the team are located in suburban Atlanta.

History

The Globetrotters originated in the south side of Chicago, Illinois, in the 1920s, where all the original players were raised. The Globetrotters began as the Savoy Big Five, one of the premier attractions of the Savoy Ballroom opened in November 1927, a basketball team of African-American players that played exhibitions before dances. In 1928, several players left the team in a dispute. That fall, several of the players, led by Tommy Brookins, formed a team called the "Globe Trotters" and toured Southern Illinois that spring. Abe Saperstein became involved with the team as its manager and promoter. By 1929 Saperstein was touring Illinois and Iowa with his basketball team called the "New York Harlem Globe Trotters". Saperstein selected Harlem, New York City, New York as their home city, since Harlem was considered the center of African-American culture at the time, and an out-of-town team name would give the team more of a mystique.^[2] In fact, the Globetrotters did not play in Harlem until 1968, four decades after the teams formation.

The Globetrotters were perennial participants in the World Professional Basketball Tournament, winning it in 1940. The Globetrotters gradually worked comic routines into their act—a direction the team has credited to Reece "Goose" Tatum,^[3] who joined in 1941—and eventually became known more for entertainment than sports.^[4] Once one of the most famous teams in the country, the Globetrotters were eventually eclipsed by the rise of the National Basketball Association, particularly when NBA teams began fielding African-American players in the 1950s..^[5] In 1950, Harlem Globetrotter Chuck Cooper became the first black player to be drafted in the NBA by Boston and teammate Nat "Sweetwater" Clifton became the first African-American player to sign an NBA contract when the New York Knicks purchased his contract from the Globetrotters. The Globetrotters' acts often feature incredible coordination and skillful handling of one or more basketballs, such as passing or juggling balls between players, balancing or spinning balls on their fingertips, and making unusual, difficult shots.^[6]

The Harlem Globetrotters in the Netherlands (1958)

In 1959, the Globetrotters played nine games in Moscow after Saperstein received an invitation from Vasily Gricorevich, the director of Lenin Central Stadium.^[7] The team, which included Wilt Chamberlain, was welcomed enthusiastically by spectators and authorities; they met Premier Nikita Khrushchev^[8] and collectively received the Athletic Order of Lenin medal.^[9]

However, according to one report, spectators were initially confused: "A Soviet audience of 14,000 sat almost silently, as if in awe, through the first half of the game. It warmed up slightly in the second half when it realized the Trotters are more show than competition."^[10] The Globetrotters brought their own opponent—not the Washington Generals, but the San Francisco Chinese Basketeers.^[7] A review in Pravda stated, "This is not basketball; it is too full of tricks" but praised the Globetrotters' skills and suggested that "they have some techniques to show us."^[11] The American press—particularly Drew Pearson—made note of the fact that the Globetrotters were paid (per game) the equivalent of $4000, which could be spent only in Moscow. The games were used as evidence that U.S.–Soviet relations were improving, that Moscow was backing off its criticism of race relations inside America, and that the USSR was becoming more capitalist (Pearson suggested that the games were held because Lenin Stadium needed money).^[12][13]

Globetrotters player Meadowlark Lemon presenting a ball signed by the team to First Lady Betty Ford in 1974

Many famous basketball players have played for the Globetrotters. Greats such as "Wee" Willie Gardner, Connie "The Hawk" Hawkins, Wilt "The Stilt" Chamberlain, and Nat "Sweetwater" Clifton later went on to join the NBA. The Globetrotters signed their first female player, Olympic gold medalist Lynette Woodard, in 1985.^[14] The Globetrotters have featured 13 female players in their illustrious history. Baseball Hall of Famers Ernie Banks, Bob Gibson and Ferguson Jenkins also played for the team at one time or another. Because almost all of its players have been African American, and because of the buffoonery involved in many of the Globetrotters' skits, they drew some criticism in the Civil Rights era. The players were derisively accused by some civil-rights advocates of "Tomming for Abe", a reference to Uncle Tom and Jewish owner Abe Saperstein. However, prominent civil rights activist Jesse Jackson (who would later be named an Honorary Globetrotter) came to their defense by stating, “I think they've been a positive influence... They did not show blacks as stupid. On the contrary, they were shown as superior.”^[5] In 1995, Orlando Antigua became the first Hispanic and the first nonblack on the Globetrotters' roster since Bob Karstens played with the squad in 1942–43.^[15]

While parts of a modern exhibition game are pre-planned, the games themselves are not fixed. While their opponents do not interfere with the Globetrotters’ hijinks while on defense they play a serious game when in possession of the ball. About 20 to 30 percent of a game is “real”. This once lead to a defeat at the hands of the infamous Washington Generals to the distress of a watching crowd.^[16]

Trophies

The Globetrotters won the World Professional Basketball Tournament once beating Chicago Bruins by 31-29.

World Professional Basketball Tournament: 1 (1940)

Current roster

Harlem Globetrotters roster
Players	Coaches
Pos. No. Name Height Weight DOB (YYYY–MM–DD) From 12 Atkinson, Anthony "Ant" 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) Barton College G 15 Blakes, Anthony "Buckets" 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) Wyoming 26 Bruton, Kris "Hi-Lite" 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m) Benedict G 33 Bullard, William "Bull" 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) Texas A&M-Corpus Christi G 11 Chisholm, Brawley "Cheese" 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) Ball State G 16 Christensen, Shane "Scooter" 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) Montana G 2 English, Carlos "Dizzy" 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) Cleveland State G 3 Fisher, Tay "Firefly" 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) Siena 14 Franklin, Chris "Handles" 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) Lock Haven University G 7 Hall, Jonte "Too Tall" 5 ft 2 in (1.57 m) CCBC-Catonsville F 31 Harrison, Donte "Hammer" 6 ft 9 in (2.06 m) Hampton G 1 Jackson, Crissa "Ace" 5 ft 4 in (1.63 m) Point Loma Nazarene G 4 Lang, Herbert "Flight Time" 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) Centenary College F 34 Law, Corey "Thunder" 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) High Point University 52 Lofton, Nathaniel "Big Easy" 6 ft 9 in (2.06 m) Southeastern Louisiana G 18 Maddox, Fatima "TNT" 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m) Temple F 30 McClurkin, Julius "Zeus" 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m) North Carolina A&T F 39 Meléndez, Orlando "El Gato" 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m) North Carolina G 8 Pennington, Carde "Rocket" 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m) Dakota Wesleyan University F 40 Shaw, "Slick" Willie 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) St. John's F 24 Taylor, DeAndre "Dragon" 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) Northern Michigan F 41 Thomas, Jonathan "Hawk" 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) Marshall F 44 Versher, Wun "The Shot" 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) Arizona State F 45 Weekes, Alex "Moose" 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m) Middle Tennessee	Head coach Vacant Legend (C) Team captain (DP) Unsigned draft pick (FA) Free agent (S) Suspended Injured Roster • Transactions Last transaction: 2015-11-25

Draft

Starting in 2007, the Globetrotters have conducted an annual "draft" a few days before the NBA draft, in which they select players they feel fit the mold of a Globetrotter. Being drafted by the Globetrotters does not guarantee a spot on the team, although several drafted players have gone on to become Globetrotters: Anthony "Ant" Atkinson (2007), Brent Petway (2007), William "Bull" Bullard (2008), Tay "Firefly" Fisher (2008), Charlie Coley III (2009), Paul "Tiny" Sturgess (2011), Jacob "Hops" Tucker (2011), Darnell "Spider" Wilks (2011), Bryan "B-Nice" Narcisse (2012), Tyrone Davis (2013), and Corey "Thunder" Law (2013).

Other notable draft picks by the Globetrotters include: Sun Mingming (2007), Patrick Ewing, Jr. (2008), Sonny Weems (2008), Taylor Griffin (2009), Tim Howard (2009), Mark Titus (2010), Lionel Messi (2011), Andrew Goudelock (2011), Usain Bolt (2012), Mariano Rivera (2013), Brittney Griner (2013), Landon Donovan (2014), Mo'ne Davis (2015), Dude Perfect (2015), Neymar da Silva Santos Junior (2016), Missy Franklin (2016), Jordan Spieth (2016) and Craig Sager (2016) .^[17][18][19]

Retired numbers

Wilt Chamberlain, the first Globetrotter to have his jersey number retired

The Globetrotters have honored six players by retiring their numbers:

Globetrotters' retired numbers
No.	Player	Tenure	Date retired
13	Wilt Chamberlain	1958–59	March 9, 2000
20	Marques Haynes	1947–53, 1972–79	January 5, 2001
36	Meadowlark Lemon	1954–79, 1993[20]	January 5, 2001
50	Goose Tatum	1941–43, 1945–55[21]	February 8, 2002
22	Fred "Curly" Neal	1963–85	February 15, 2008
3	Red Klotz	None ^a	March 13, 2011

Note:
a. The first non-Globetrotter to have a number retired by the team was Red Klotz, the founder, owner and two-handed-set-shot artist for the Washington Generals, the long time Harlem Globetrotters' foils. He wore #3 as a player with the Generals, as well as during his standout collegiate and high school career in Philadelphia.^[22][23]

In mass media/popular culture

Soupy Sales and the Harlem Globetrotters; from a 1969 television special

The Harlem Globetrotters have been featured in several of their own films and television series:

• The Harlem Globetrotters, a 1951 feature film starring Marques Haynes and other Globetrotters, also featuring Thomas Gomez, Dorothy Dandridge, Bill Walker, and Angela Clarke. Young Bill Townsend drops out of college to join the famous independent Trotter team. He also finds romance along the way. "Goose" Tatum and fancy dribbler Haynes were the star players of the Globetrotters at the time and Saperstein was the owner. Tatum, Haynes, Babe Presley, Ermer Robinson, Duke Cumberland, Clarence Wilson, Pop Gates, Frank Washington, Ted Strong, and other current team members appear in the film as themselves. Also featured is a lot of actual game footage (three times against the Celtics with Tony Lavelli and Big Bob Hahn), including the "Sweet Georgia Brown" warmup routine. (Along with making the film, the team toured Major League Baseball stadiums that year and went on their first tour of South America.)
• Go, Man, Go!, a 1954 sequel starring Dane Clark as Abe Saperstein and Sidney Poitier as Inman Jackson.^[24]
• On December 19, 1956, twelve members of the Globetrotters appeared as guest challengers on the TV panel show What's My Line? Clarence Wilson acted as the spokesman and was accompanied by members George "Meadowlark" Lemon, Charlie Hoxie, Roman Turmon, Andy Johnson, Woodrow "Woody" Sauldsberry, Carl Green, Leon Hillard, Willie Gardner, and others.
• Harlem Globetrotters, a Hanna-Barbera Saturday morning cartoon, broadcast from September 12, 1970, to May 1973. Originally broadcast on CBS and later rerun on NBC as The Go-Go Globetrotters. The cartoon Globetrotters also guest-starred three times on The New Scooby-Doo Movies. Scatman Crothers provided the voice for Meadowlark Lemon's character on the show.
• The Harlem Globetrotters Popcorn Machine, a 1974 live-action Saturday morning variety show starring the Globetrotters that featured comedy skits, blackout gags, and educational segments. The show was produced by Funhouse Productions and Yongestreet Productions for CBS. The show also starred Rodney Allen Rippy and Avery Schreiber.
• The Super Globetrotters, a second animated series created by Hanna-Barbera for NBC in 1979. It featured the Globetrotters (now including new squad members James "Twiggy" Sanders, Nate Branch, and Louis "Sweet Lou" Dunbar) as undercover superheroes who would transform themselves by entering magic portable lockers carried in "Sweet Lou" Dunbar's afro or in a basketball-shaped medallion. Although the Super Globetrotters would first attempt to take on the villain with standard comical heroics, things would almost always be settled with a basketball game.
• In a 1979 episode of The White Shadow, the Globetrotters appear wherein Coach Reeves convinces the team to help him send his basketball team a reality check about overconfidence and underestimating their opponents as a result of a winning streak that got to his players heads. The Globetrotters returned in season three (1980), when star player Warren Coolidge, convinced that his basketball ability would preclude his need to finish high school, considers dropping out of school and trying out for the Globetrotters. After failing miserably in his tryout, Coolidge is persuaded to finish his education before giving any thought to a basketball career.
• The Harlem Globetrotters on Gilligan's Island, a 1981 made-for-TV film featured the Globetrotters alongside Bob Denver and the rest of the cast of Gilligan's Island. The film's plot follows the first animated series' formula to a degree with a conflict that ends with an unusual basketball game against an opposing team made up of robots. The Globetrotters decide to play with standard moves in the first half, which the robots are able to counter, until Gilligan unwittingly comments that they have not done any fancy tricks. This makes the Professor advise the team to use their comedic style of play to win, which hopelessly confuses the machines. However, a couple of Globetrotters suffer injuries, and the team needs the help of Gilligan and Skipper to substitute.
• In "Hoopla" (1984), an episode of the TV show The Love Boat, the Globetrotters are on a cruise and challenged the crew to a game in the dining room.
• In "Homie the Clown", an episode of the animated series The Simpsons, Krusty the Clown bets all the money he earned franchising his name against the Globetrotters in a game, saying that he "thought the Generals were due". He then shouts "That game was fixed! They used a freakin' ladder for God's sake!"
• The animated series Futurama features several episodes in which the Harlem Globetrotters appear as brilliant scientists as well as basketball players living on another planet, the Globetrotter Homeworld. Ironically, the Harlem Globetrotters react harshly to anyone who "laughs at their antics" as evidenced in the episode "Time Keeps On Slippin'" (2001).
• The Globetrotters appeared in the 2000 comedy Little Nicky with Adam Sandler, wherein they are shown losing to the Washington Generals, which is caused by one of Nicky's demonic brothers.
• Harlem Globetrotters: The Team that Changed the World, a 2005 documentary featuring interviews with the Globetrotters, NBA coaches, and fans such as Samuel L. Jackson, Barack Obama, Phil Jackson, and Henry Kissinger—himself an honorary Globetrotter^[25]—and including photos of the Globetrotters with Pope John Paul II.
• In The Amazing Race: season 15 (2009), Herbert "Flight Time" Lang and Nathaniel "Big Easy" Lofton participated, finishing fourth place. They returned for season 18 (2010), which is subtitled "Unfinished Business," featuring fan favorite teams who lost the competition because of various circumstances. The pair finished second overall. They also returned for season 24 (2014), dubbed an "All Star" season, featuring some of the shows fan favorites, this time finishing sixth.
• As part of the cross-promotion of The Amazing Race, Lang and Lofton also appeared on CBS Daytime's game show The Price Is Right to model prizes (a Sport Court basketball court) and present a showcase.
• In 2009 and 2010,^[26][27] members of the Harlem Globetrotters appeared on the nationally-televised McDonald's Thanksgiving Day Parade in Chicago.
• In 2010, five members of the Globetrotters appeared on Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader?, raising money for charity.
• On December 5, 2010, in a game televised on ESPN2 against the Washington Generals from HP Field House at the Walt Disney World Resort in Orlando, the game saw several landmark events occur. A four-point shot may be scored from the four-point circle 35 ft (11 m) away from the basket, with three minutes or less to go in any quarter. A penalty box was introduced as the price to be paid for any 'funny business' by a player. The Globetrotters made the first, and most, of the four-point shots in the game. All of the penalties in this game were assessed to the Globetrotters. The visiting Globetrotters went on to beat the Generals 104–98 in this historical game of firsts.^[28]
• Three members of the Globetrotters appear in the "Harlem NY" episode (2011) of Man v. Food Nation, in which they have to defeat a spicy two-pound barbecue sandwich in 15 minutes.
• Special K Daley, Ant Atkinson, and Blenda Rodriguez of the Globetrotters made a guest appearance in the October 18, 2011 episode of Sesame Street, in which they talk with the Muppet Elmo about the number 3.^[29]
• In 2012, the Globetrotters made a special guest appearance on Disney XD's Kickin' It, in the episode "Eddie Cries Uncle".
• Three members of the Globetrotters appeared in a February 28, 2012, episode of the Blendtec online video series Will It Blend?, wherein they help Blendtec CEO Tom Dickson and his Uncle Floyd blend miniature basketballs, glitter dust, a whistle, and a bottle of Gatorade. The team then pour the mixture into a bucket, magically turning it into confetti, which they throw on Dickson.^[30]
• Globetrotter Bull Bullard competed on seasons four, five and six on American Ninja Warrior. In season four, he advanced to the finals but timed out on the first stage of the finals. Bullard competed on two additional seasons.
• Three members of the Harlem Globetrotters visited North Korea alongside Dennis Rodman in 2013, as seen in the HBO series Vice.
• On May 26, 2015, the Globetrotters appeared in the series premiere of I Can Do That.
• Three members of the Harlem Globetrotters appeared in the Dog with a Blog episode "Cat with a Blog."^[31]
• Five of the Globetrotters appeared as guest stars in the Mutt & Stuff episode "Basketball Dogs vs. The Harlem Globetrotters" on August 19, 2016.

Honorary members

Nine people have been officially named as honorary members of the team:^[32]

• Henry Kissinger (1976)
• Bob Hope (1977)
• Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (1989)
• Whoopi Goldberg (1990)
• Nelson Mandela (1996)
• Jackie Joyner-Kersee (1999)
• Pope John Paul II (2000) – Press agent Lee Solters arranged a ceremony orchestrated in front of a crowd of 50,000 in Saint Peter's Square in which the Pope was recognized as an honorary Globetrotter.^[33]
• Jesse Jackson (2001)
• Pope Francis (2015)^[34]
• Robin Roberts (2015) ^[35]

In addition, Magic Johnson (in 2003) was signed to $1 a year lifetime contract with the Globetrotters.^[36][37]

Bibliography

• Green, Ben (2005). Spinning the Globe: The Rise, Fall, and Return to Greatness of the Harlem Globetrotters. New York: HarperCollins.

References

1. "Team CEO Kurt Schneider to step down following 2016 North American tour in May". HarlemGlobetrotters.com. Atlanta. January 12, 2016. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
2. Smith, Jay. "Harlem Globetrotters". WTTW. Retrieved 2007-12-29.
3. "Our Story". HarlemGlobetrotters.com. Retrieved May 23, 2015.
4. Dupont, Kevin Paul (March 21, 2015). "Harlem Globetrotters keeping the fun in sports". The Boston Globe. Retrieved May 23, 2015.
5. Berkow, Ira (July 24, 2005). "'Spinning the Globe': Ball Hog Heaven". The New York Times. Retrieved May 23, 2015.
6. Flomberg, Deb (December 6, 2014). "The Harlem Globetrotters spin their way to Denver". AXS. Retrieved May 23, 2015.
7. "Abe's 'Trotters Off to Moscow". Vancouver Sun. AP. 16 June 1959. p. 16. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
8. "Khruschchev Surprises U.S. Cagers By Street". Victoria Advocate. AP. 9 July 1959. p. 15. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
9. Cummings, Richard H. (30 January 2011). "Harlem Globetrotters and Nikita Khrushchev". Cold War Radios. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
10. "Russians Baffled by Harlem Fun". Reading Eagle. UPI. 7 July 1959. p. 3. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
11. "Globetrotters impress Soviets". Leader-Post. AP. 8 July 1959. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
12. Pearson, Drew (30 July 1959). "US–USSR Relations Much Improved". Deseret News. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
13. Pearson, Drew (11 September 1959). "Ike Should Go to Russia". Daytona Beach Morning Journal. p. 13. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
14. Lubinger, Bill (December 22, 2008). "It's a new spin: Harlem Globetrotters trying to put a high-tech gleam on a vintage product". The Plain Dealer. Cleveland. Retrieved May 23, 2015.
15. "A Non-Black Player Joins Globetrotters". The New York Times. Associated Press. December 28, 1995.
16. O'Donnel, Jake (August 14, 2015). "As The Harlem Globetrotters Ditch Their Archrivals, We Remember the One Time The Washington Generals Won". Sportsgrid. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
17. Dorsey, Patrick (2011-07-23). "A brief history of the Harlem Globetrotters' draft picks, including Lionel Messi". ESPN.com. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
18. McManamon, Pat (June 24, 2014). "Three sports: Globetrotters draft Manziel". ESPN.com. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
19. Fagan, Kate (2013-06-25). "Griner turns down Globetrotters". ESPN.com. Retrieved 2013-06-25.
20. Biography of Meadowlark Lemon, MeadowlarkLemon.org
21. "Harlem Globetrotter Reece 'Goose' Tatum To Be Enshrined In Basketball Hall of Fame". BlackFives.org. April 4, 2011.
22. "Red Klotz, Beloved Foil for the Harlem Globetrotters, Dies at 93". The New York Times. May 14, 2014.
23. "Globetrotters mourn the passing of Red Klotz". HarlemGlobetrotters.com. Phoenix. July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
24. Crowther, Bosley (March 10, 1954). "The Screen in Review; Harlem Globetrotters Perform in a Sports Romance, 'Go, Man, Go!' at the Globe". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-05-04.
25. Sorrell, Maurice (January 1977). "The Week's Best Photos". JET. 51 (17): 41–41.
26. 77th McDonald's Thanksgiving Parade (2010) (TV) at the Internet Movie Database
27. "2010 2N Globetrotters". YouTube. 2010-02-05. Retrieved 2013-10-16.
28. "Game Ball From Historic 4-Point Shot Headed to the Hall". HarlemGlobetrotters.com. Retrieved 2010-12-12.
29. "Trotters Appear on ''Sesame Street''". HarlemGlobetrotters.com. 2011-10-19. Retrieved 2013-10-16.
30. Dickson, Tom (host) (28 February 2012). The Harlem Globetrotters (Television production). Blendtec. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
31. "Dog With a Blog episode 322; Air Date 08/21/15 'Cat with a Blog'". DisneyABCPress.com.
32. Blevins, David (2012). "Harlem Globetrotters (Team)". The Sports Hall of Fame Encyclopedia: Baseball, Basketball, Football, Hockey, Soccer. Plymouth, UK: Scarecrow Press. pp. 415–417. ISBN 978-0-8108-6130-5.
33. Martin, Douglas. "Lee Solters, Razzle-Dazzle Press Agent, Dies at 89". The New York Times. May 21, 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-22.
34. "Harlem Globetrotters Have an Audience with Pope Francis, Name Him Ninth Honorary Harlem Globetrotter in Team History". May 6, 2015. Retrieved August 14, 2015.
35. "Robin Roberts Named Honorary Harlem Globetrotter; Team Announces The Great Assist Initiative And 90-Year Celebration". October 6, 2015. Retrieved September 23, 2016.
36. "Johnson joins Globetrotters to defeat former team". ESPN.com. Associated Press. November 2, 2003. Retrieved January 28, 2008.
37. Wolfe, Rich (2006). For Mets Fans Only. Indy Tech Publishing. p. 98. ISBN 0-7906-1334-4.

External links

• Official website
• Interview with Billy Ray Hobley
• Basketball Hall of Fame profile
• Harlem Globetrotters PR in Ireland
• Voices of Oklahoma interview with Marques Haynes. First person interview conducted with Marques Haynes on December 28, 2011. Original audio and transcript archived with Voices of Oklahoma oral history project.