Hellespontine Phrygia

Hellespontine Phrygia
Satrapy of the Persian Empire
477 BC–321 BC →
The location of the provincial capital of Hellespontine Phrygia, Dascylium, in the Achaemenid Empire, c. 500 BC.
Capital		Dascylium
History
•	Established	477 BC
•	Disestablished	321 BC

Hellespontine Phrygia (Ancient Greek: Ἑλλησποντιακὴ Φρυγία, Hellēspontiakē Phrygia) or Lesser Phrygia (μικρᾶ Φρυγία, mikra Phrygia) was a Persian satrapy (province) in northwestern Anatolia, directly southeast of the Hellespont.^[1] Its capital was Dascylium, and for most of its existence it was ruled by the hereditary Iranian Pharnacid dynasty.^[2] Together with Greater Phrygia, it made up the administrative provinces of the Phrygia region.^[3]

History

The satrapy was created in the beginning of the fifth century BC, during the time of administrative reorganisations of the territories in western Asia Minor,^[4] which were amongst the most important Achaemenid territories. It was ruled by a hereditary Iranian dynasty, that of the Pharnacids, which was closely related to the Achaemenid dynasty itself.^[5][6]

As Alexander the Great was conquering and incorporating the Achaemenid Empire, he appointed Calas, a Macedonian General to govern Hellespontine Phrygia in 334 BC, after he had sent Parmenio to secure Dascylium, the provincial capital.^[7] Calas, being the very first non-Achaemenid ruler of the province, was awarded the Persian title of "satrap", rather than a Macedonian title, and Alexander instructed him to collect the same tribute from his subjects that had been paid to Darius III.^[7] After Alexander's death in 323, the satrapy was awarded to Leonnatus, who was killed in action in the Lamian War. The region was seized by Lysimachus, was added to the Seleucid Empire after the Battle of Corupedium (281 BC), and was finally integrated in the Bithynian kingdom.^[8]

Persian satraps of Hellespontine Phrygia

• Artabazos I of Phrygia - r. 477 - 455 (?)
• Pharnabazus I - r. 455 (?) - before 430
• Pharnaces II - r. before 430 - after 422
• Pharnabazus II - r. before 413 - 387
• Ariobarzanes of Phrygia - r. 387-363/362
• Artabazos II - r. 363/362-353
• Arsites - r. 353-334

Alexandrian satraps

• Calas - r. 334-323
• Leonnatus - r. 323-321

References

1. Jona Lendering. "Hellespontine Phrygia". Livius. Livius.org. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
2. Jona Lendering. "Hellespontine Phrygia". Livius. Livius.org. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
3. Scott 1995, p. 183.
4. Kinzl 2008, p. 551.
5. Jona Lendering. "Hellespontine Phrygia". Livius. Livius.org. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
6. Jona Lendering. "Pharnabazus (2)". Livius. Livius.org. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
7. Lyons 2015, p. 30.
8. Jona Lendering. "Hellespontine Phrygia". Livius. Livius.org. Retrieved 28 December 2015.

Sources

• Kinzl, Konrad H. (2008). A Companion to the Classical Greek World. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1405172011.
• Lyons, Justin D. (2015). Alexander the Great and Hernán Cortés: Ambiguous Legacies of Leadership. Lexington Books. ISBN 978-1498505284.
• Scott, James M. (1995). Paul and the Nations: The Old Testament and Jewish Background of Paul's Mission to the Nations with Special Reference to the Destination of Galatians. Mohr Siebeck. ISBN 978-3161463778.