Herbal viagra

A local version of herbal viagra being sold at the roadside in Turkey.

Herbal viagra is a name that can be given to any herbal product advertised as treating erectile dysfunction.[1] The name "herbal viagra" is taken from the brand name Viagra, under which drug company Pfizer sells sildenafil citrate, a drug that is used to treat erectile dysfunction.[2] Viagra has become a generic term for many people discussing drugs designed to treat erectile dysfunction, even those without sildenafil.[3]

There are many different products advertised as herbal viagra, but with varying ingredients. There are no clinical trials or scientific studies that support the effectiveness of any of these ingredients for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and some products are known to also contain a "hidden drug ingredient".[4]

Herbal viagras, contrary to what the name suggests, do not normally contain sildenafil citrate. However, synthetic chemical compounds similar to sildenafil have been found as adulterants in many supplements which are sold as herbal viagra or "natural" sexual enhancement products.[5][6][7][8][9] The United States Food and Drug Administration has warned consumers that any sexual enhancement product that claims to work as well as prescription products is likely to contain such a contaminant.[10] Scientists estimated that >60% of the consumed sildenafil in the Netherlands is from illegal sources such as adulterated dietary supplements.[11]

Herbal viagras often carry a number of dangerous side effects. Primarily, they cause abnormally low blood pressure and can restrict blood flow to vital organs. There is also evidence to suggest some preparations may be toxic if taken in larger doses.[1] Additional side effects and dangers of common herbal viagra adulterants, such as sulfoaildenafil, acetildenafil and other analogs, are unknown because these ingredients have not had thorough review in human clinical trials.[12][13][14]

Herbal viagra is predominantly sold through the internet, and in 2003 approximately 4% or 1 in 25 of all e-mail messages sent offered herbal viagra, genuine pharmaceuticals, and other herbal remedies.[15]

References

  1. 1 2 "'Herbal Viagra' : Is it safe ?". Mayoclinic.com. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
  2. ↑ Rzepa, H.S. (1998-05-04). "Viagra (Sildenafil)". Imperial College, London. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
  3. ↑ Posner, Michael L. (2002). "Viagra: St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture". St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture. Gale Group. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
  4. ↑ "Washington Post".
  5. ↑ Gryniewicz, CM; Reepmeyer, JC; Kauffman, JF; Buhse, LF (2009). "Detection of undeclared erectile dysfunction drugs and analogues in dietary supplements by ion mobility spectrometry". Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 49 (3): 601–6. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2008.12.002. PMID 19150190.
  6. ↑ Choi, Dong Mi; Park, Sangaeh; Yoon, Tae Hyung; Jeong, Hye Kyoung; Pyo, Jae Sung; Park, Janghyun; Kim, Deukjoon; Kwon, Sung Won (2008). "Determination of analogs of sildenafil and vardenafil in foods by column liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry". Journal of AOAC International. 91 (3): 580–588. PMID 18567304.
  7. ↑ Reepmeyer, John C.; Woodruff, Jeffrey T. (2007). "Use of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and a chemical cleavage reaction for the structure elucidation of a new sildenafil analogue detected as an adulterant in an herbal dietary supplement". Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 44 (4): 887–893. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2007.04.011. PMID 17532168.
  8. ↑ Reepmeyer, John C.; Woodruff, Jeffrey T.; 'Avignon, D. Andre. (2007). "Structure elucidation of a novel analogue of sildenafil detected as an adulterant in an herbal dietary supplement". Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 43 (5): 1615–1621. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2006.11.037. PMID 17207601.
  9. ↑ Enforcement Report for June 30, 2010, United States Food and Drug Administration
  10. ↑ Hidden Risks of Erectile Dysfunction "Treatments" Sold Online, United States Food and Drug Administration, February 21, 2009
  11. ↑ Venhuis BJ, de Voogt, P, Emke, E, Causanilles, A, Keizers, PHJ (2014). "Success of rogue online pharmacies: sewage study of sildenafil in the Netherlands". 349. doi:10.1136/bmj.g4317. PMID 24989165.
  12. ↑ Venhuis, B; De Kaste, D (2012). "Towards a decade of detecting new analogues of sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil in food supplements: A history, analytical aspects and health risks.". J Pharm Biomed Anal. 69: 196–208. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2012.02.014. PMID 22464558.
  13. ↑ Venhuis, BJ; Blok-Tip, L; De Kaste, D (2008). "Designer drugs in herbal aphrodisiacs". Forensic Science International. 177 (2–3): e25–7. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.11.007. PMID 18178354.
  14. ↑ Oh, SS; Zou, P; Low, MY; Koh, HL (2006). "Detection of sildenafil analogues in herbal products for erectile dysfunction". Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A. 69 (21): 1951–8. doi:10.1080/15287390600751355. PMID 16982533.
  15. ↑ "Spam growth increases during March". ZDNet UK. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
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