Huang (surname)

Huang or Hwang or Hoang

Chinese character representing Huang
Romanization Huáng (Mandarin)
Hwang (Korean)
Huỳnh or Hoàng (Vietnamese)
Ng, Oey or Ung (Hokkien and Teochew)
Ooi or Hûiⁿ (Hakka)
Waan (Shanghainese)
Wong (Cantonese)
Wee (Hainanese)
Pronunciation Mandarin: Huáng, /ˈhwɑːŋ/
Language(s) Chinese
Origin
Meaning Yellow

Huang (/ˈhwɑːŋ/, simplified Chinese: 黄; traditional Chinese: 黃) is a Chinese surname that means "Yellow". While Huáng is the pinyin romanisation of the word, it may also be romanised as Hwang, Huong, Houang, Hoang, Wong, Waan, Wan, Waon, Hwong, Vong, Hung, Hong, Bong, Eng, Ng, Uy, Wee, Oi, Oei, Oey, or Ooi, Ong, or Ung due to pronunciations of the word in different dialects and languages.

This surname is known as Hwang in Korean. In Vietnamese, the name is known as Hoàng or Huỳnh.

Huang is the 7th most common surname in China.[1] The population of Huangs in China and Taiwan was estimated at more than 30 million in 2007; it was also the surname of more than 2 million overseas Chinese, 4.6 million Vietnamese (5.1%), and an estimated 1 million Koreans (The 2000 census of South Korea revealed it was the surname for 644,294 South Koreans, ranked 17th).[2]

Pronunciations/transliterations

Origins

Huang is an ancient surname. According to tradition, there are several different sources of Huang surname origin.

Dong Yi Tribe 東夷

The Dong Yi or Eastern Barbarians were ancient people who lived in eastern China during the prehistoric period. They were one of the Siyi (Four Barbarians) in Chinese culture, along with the Northern Di 北狄, the Southern Man 南蠻, and the Western Rong 西戎. The Dong Yi tribe was the tribal alliance group that consisted of nine tribes in the Huai River Basin 淮水流域: Quan Yi 畎夷, Yu Yi 於夷, Fang Yi 方夷, Huang Yi 黃夷, Bai Yi 白夷, Chi Yi 赤夷, Xuan Yi 玄夷, Feng Yi 風夷 and Yang Yi 陽夷. The Dong Yi tribe people used different birds as their totems and for Huang Yi 黃夷 tribe, Yellow Oriole 黃鶯 was the totem. Later when the people from Huang Yi 黃夷 tribe moved and settled in different parts of China, they adopted Huang 黃 as their surname.

Ying Clan 嬴氏

Shaohao 少皋 had a son, Gao Yao and Gao Yao had a son, Bo Yi. Bo Yi helped Emperor Shun and Yu the Great control the Great Flood and got surname Ying (嬴) at early Xia dynasty period. Bo Yi married Emperor Shun's youngest daughter and gave birth to Da Lian 大廉. Xia Yu awarded the Huang kingdom to Da Lian, and his descendants are known as the Huangs.

There are total of 14 clans derived from Bo Yi Ying clan: Lian (廉), Xu (徐), Jiang (江), Qin (秦), Zhao (趙), Huang (黃), Liang (梁), Ma (馬), Ge (葛), Gu (谷), Mou (繆), Zhong (鍾), Fei (費), and Qu (瞿).

Ji Clan 姬氏

The lineage of Huang Clan from Yellow Emperor is as follow: 1) Yellow Emperor 黃帝 -> 2) Chang Yi 昌意 -> 3) Zhuanxu Emperor 顓頊帝 -> 4) Da Ye 大業 (aka Ye the Great) -> 5) Shao Dian 少典 -> 6) Nu Shen 女莘 -> 7) Da Fei 大費 (aka Fei the Great) -> 8) Juan Zhang 卷章 -> 9) Wu Hui 吳回 (also known as Zhurong) -> 10) Lu Zhong 陸終 -> 11) Hui Lian 惠連 (Some accounts state that Hui Lian is son of Fan Ren, son of Lu Zhong). Lu Zhong had six sons: eldest Fan 樊 (also known as Fan Ren 樊人), second Ding 定 (also known as Hui Lian 惠连), third Qian (also known as Qian Keng 钱铿), fourth Qiu 求 (also known as Qiu Yan 求言), fifth Yan An 晏安 (also known as Cao An 曹安 or Zao An 遭安), and the sixth, Ji 季 (also known as Ji Lian 季连). In 2220 BC during the reign of Emperor Yao 帝堯, Hui Lian 惠連 scored merits in harnessing river floods. Emperor Yao conferred on Hui Lian the title of Viscount 子 and the state of Can'hu 參胡 (in present-day region of Fenyang, Shanxi province). Emperor Yao renamed Can'hu as State of Huang, and bestowed on Hui Lian the surname Huang 黃 and the name "Yun" 雲. Hence, Hui Lian was also known as Huang Yun 黃雲 or Nan Lu 南陆. Hui Lian became the Progenitor of the Huang surname clan. During Western Zhou Dynasty, the rulers of the Huang State was given the title of Duke 公. The descendants of Huang Yun (Hui Lian) ruled the Huang State of Shanxi until the early Spring and Autumn period (722 BC-481 BC) when it was conquered by the State of Jin.

Development and Emigration

In 891 BC King Xiao of Zhou conferred on the 53rd generation descendant of Hui Lian, Huang Xi 黃熙 (aka Huang Shi 黃石) the nobility of 'Hou' 侯 (marquis) and a fiefdom in the region east of the Han river 漢水 (in present-day region of Yicheng, Hubei province) called 'Huang' 黃 (Not to be confused with the Huang State of Fenyang, Shanxi) with the four states Jiang 江, Huang 黃 (founded by 伯益 Bo Yi's descendants), Dao 道, and Bo 柏 in the Huang river 潢水 valley as vassals. The Huang State of Yicheng, Hubei was known as the Western Huang (Xi Huang 西黃) in history.

In 845 BC Duke Wen 文侯 Huang Meng 黃孟 (aka Huang Zhang 黃璋) moved the capital of the State of Huang from Yicheng to Huangchuan (present-day Huangchuan, Henan). Huang Xi's descendants ruled State of Huang until 648 BC when it was destroyed by the State of Chu. The Duke of Huang, Duke Mu 穆侯 Huang Qisheng 黃企生, fled to the state of Qi. The people of Huang were forced to relocate to Chu. They settled in the region of present-day Hubei province, in a region known as the Jiangxia Prefecture 江夏郡 during the Han dynasty (206 BC-AD 220). There are many places in this region today that were named after Huang e.g. Huanggang, Huangpi, Huangmei, Huangshi, Huangan, Huangzhou etc. A large number of the people of Huang were also relocated to regions south of the Yangtze River.

It was from Jiangxia where the Huang Clan later spread its branches to other parts of China and later on to other parts of the world, hence Jiangxia is regarded as the Cradle of the Huang Clan and the name "Jiangxia" was adopted as the clan's "Hall name" 堂號. Today, the Huang Surname Clan is known as the "Huang Clan of Jiangxia". The name "Jiangxia" has become a synonym of Huang surname clan.

During the Jin dynasty (265-420), when northern China was invaded by the barbarian tribes, many northerners (especially the aristocratic clans) moved to south China with the Jin court. It was during this period that the Huang clansmen migrated to Fujian.

According to Min Shu 閩書 (Book of Min) (Quoted from Chung Yoon-Ngan): "During the second year (of the reign) of Yongjia (308AD) the Central Plain was in chaos and the eight clans:- Lin 林, Huang 黃, Chen 陳, Zheng 鄭, Zhan 詹, Qiu 邱, He 何, and Hu 胡, entered Min 閩 (present day Fujian province, China)."

From the Tang dynasty (618-907) onwards, many Han Chinese migrated from Fujian to Guangdong and the other southern provinces. Huang grew into a big clan in south China and it is the 3rd biggest surname in Southern China today.

Migration to Taiwan began during the transition period from the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) to Qing dynasty (1644-1912), when many Han Chinese followed the Anti-Manchu Ming loyalist forces under Zheng Chenggong, and crossed the Taiwan Strait to Taiwan island.

Huang migration overseas began as early as the 14th century during the Ming dynasty to destinations in Southeast Asia. Migration to Americas began only in the mid-19th century following the forced opening of China's doors to the West. Huang is one of the largest Chinese surname clans in Americas today. The population of overseas Huang Clansmen was estimated at 2 million in 2000.

Huang

Huang is the 7th most common surname in China, and the 3rd most common surname in Taiwan. It is also one of the common surnames among Zhuang People, one of the ethnic minority in China. 19% of People from China with Surname Huang live in Guangdong Province. The population of people named Huang in China was approximately 29 million and in Taiwan about 1.4 million.

Historical Figures with Huang 黃 Surname

Lords and Marquises of Huang Kingdom

Nine Sons Ten Ministers 九子十尚書

In Chinese history, there were two Huang Families that had "Nine Sons" and one son-in-law and all of them were "Ministers".

Family of Huang Run 黃閏
Family of Huang Jun 黃均

Nine Fame 九貴流芳

During Southern Song Dynasty, Minister Huang Weiyin 黃惟寅 had eight sons and one son-in-law, and all of them were Ministers.

Three Huangs of Eastern Zhejiang 浙東三黃

Three famous scholars from Zhejiang Province during late Ming and early Qing are known as "Three Huangs of Eastern Zhejiang 浙東三黃.

Historical Figures with Huang 皇 Surname

Modern Figures (China and Taiwan)

Modern Figures (Overseas Chinese)

Hwang

Main article: Hwang (Korean name)

Hwang (Hangul : 황) is a common Korean family name. Hwang is the equivalent of the Chinese surname Huang. Hwangs make up roughly 1.5% of the Korean population; the 2000 South Korean census found 644,294 (ranked 16th) in that country.

The Korean Hwang Clan originated from Hwang Rak (황락 黃洛) who was the envoy of China during Han Dynasty. While he was travelling from China to Vietnam in 28 AD, the ship had struggled against wind and waves in the sea and been drifted to the Korean Peninsula. Finally he arrived at the shore of Pyeonghae-eup, Uljin County, Northern Gyeongsang Province 경상북도 울진군 평해읍 (Present-day Republic of Korea) - the area which is controlled by Silla Kingdom. He became the naturalized Silla citizen and progenitor of Hwang Clan in Korea.

Hwang Rak had three sons: Hwang Gab-go (황갑고 黃甲古), Hwang Eul-go (황을고 黃乙古) and Hwang Byung-go (황병고 黃丙古). Hwang Gab-go, Duke of Giseong (기성군 箕城君) was the eldest son and remained in Pyeonghae-eup 평해읍. Hwang Eul-go, Duke of Jangsu (장수군 長水君) was the second son and settled in Jangsu County, Northern Jeolla Province 전라북도 장수군. Hwang Byung-go, Count of Changwon (창원백 昌原伯) was the third son and settled in the Unified City of Changwon, Southern Gyeongsang Province 경상남도 창원시.

Three sons of Hwang Rak founded three major Hwang Clans in Korea : Pyeonghae Hwang Clan (평해황씨 平海黃氏), Jangsu Hwang Clan (장수황씨 長水黃氏) and Changwon Hwang Clan (창원황씨 昌原黃氏). Now there are total 55 Hwang Clans in Korea further derived from these three major Hwang Clans.

Notable People with Hwang Surname

Hoàng/Huỳnh

The Vietnamese versions of this surname are Hoàng and Huỳnh. According to Lê Trung Hoa, a Vietnamese scholar, approximately 5.1 percent of Vietnamese people have this surname.[4] The original form of this surname was Hoàng. But in southern Vietnam, Hoàng was ordered to be changed (excluding the Hoàng Trọng family) to Huỳnh due to a naming taboo with the name of Lord Nguyễn Hoàng .

Notable People with Hoàng Surname

Notable People with Huỳnh Surname

Fictional Characters with Surname Huang

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Meaning of Chinese names - H
  2. ↑ "Huang". Archived from the original on Feb 6, 2008. Retrieved 2005-12-15.
  3. ↑ Yi, Jong-seong (2006-04-14). "이동국, '제2의 황선홍'이 되어줬으면". Daum Media. Retrieved 2007-09-21.
  4. ↑ Lê Trung Hoa (2005). Họ và tên người Việt Nam, Hà Nội, Việt Nam: NXB Khoa học Xã hội

External links

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