IV Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery (T.F.)
| IV Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery (T.F.) | |
|---|---|
| Active | April 1916 – July 1917 |
| Country |
 United Kingdom |
| Branch |
 British Army |
| Type | Artillery |
| Size | Battalion |
| Part of | ANZAC Mounted Division |
| Equipment |
Ordnance QF 15-pounder Ordnance QF 18-pounder |
| Engagements | |
IV Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery (Territorial Force), along with its sister III Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery (T.F.), was a Royal Horse Artillery brigade[lower-alpha 1] of the Territorial Force that was formed in Egypt in April 1916 for the ANZAC Mounted Division.
Both brigades served with the ANZAC Mounted Division during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I. In July 1917, the division's artillery was reorganized and the brigade headquarters were dissolved.
History
Formation
The ANZAC Mounted Division was formed in March 1916 with four cavalry brigades, each of three regiments: the Australian 1st, 2nd and 3rd Light Horse Brigades and the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade. Four British Territorial Force horse artillery batteries were assigned to the division to provide artillery support, one per brigade.[3]
IV Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery (Territorial Force) was formed in April 1916 in the Egyptian Expeditionary Force with[4][lower-alpha 2]
The batteries had been assigned to the Lowland and Highland Mounted Brigades, respectively, at the outbreak of the war,[5] each equipped with four[6] Ehrhardt 15-pounder guns.[7] The batteries had arrived in Egypt independently;[3] Inverness-shire RHA landed at Alexandria between 22 and 25 February 1916.[8]
In practice, the batteries were permanently attached to the mounted brigades: Inverness-shire RHA to the 3rd Light Horse Brigade[9] and Ayrshire RHA to the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade.[10] When the 3rd Light Horse Brigade was transferred to the Imperial Mounted Division in January 1917, it was replaced by the British 22nd Mounted Brigade. Inverness-shire RHA remained with the ANZAC Mounted Division and was attached to 22nd Mounted Brigade thereafter.[3]
Active service
The brigade, and its batteries, served with the ANZAC Mounted Division in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign until July 1917. With the division, it saw action at the Battle of Romani (4 – 14 August 1916) as part of No. 3 Section, Suez Canal Defences. This saw the repulse of the final Turkish attempt to cut the Suez Canal.[11]
The division then joined the Desert Column and with it took part in the advance across the Sinai. It fought at the Battle of Magdhaba (23 December 1916) and the Battle of Rafah (9 January 1917).[11] The batteries were then re-equipped with four 18 pounders each.[12] They then took part in the First (26 – 27 March 1917) and Second Battles of Gaza (17 – 19 April 1917).[11]
Reorganised
In July 1917, the artillery of the ANZAC Mounted Division was reorganized. A new headquarters, XVIII Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery (T.F.), was formed for the division and took command of Inverness-shire and Ayrshire RHA. They were joined by Somerset RHA of III Brigade, RHA (T.F.). With the departure of its batteries, IV Brigade was dissolved.[3][lower-alpha 3]
Notes
- ↑ The basic organic unit of the Royal Artillery was, and is, the Battery.[1] When grouped together they formed brigades, in the same way that infantry battalions or cavalry regiments were grouped together in brigades. At the outbreak of World War I, a field artillery brigade of headquarters (4 officers, 37 other ranks), three batteries (5 and 193 each), and a brigade ammunition column (4 and 154)[2] had a total strength just under 800 so was broadly comparable to an infantry battalion (just over 1,000) or a cavalry regiment (about 550). Like an infantry battalion, an artillery brigade was usually commanded by a Lieutenant-Colonel. Artillery brigades were redesignated as regiments in 1938. Note that the battery strength refers to a battery of six guns; a four-gun battery would be about two thirds of this.
- ↑ III Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery (Territorial Force) was formed at the same time with Leicestershire Battery, RHA (T.F.) and Somerset Battery, RHA (T.F.).[4]
- ↑ Frederick[4] makes clear that XVIII Brigade was distinct from IV Brigade and was not IV Brigade redesignated.
References
- ↑ "The Royal Artillery". Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom). Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
- ↑ Baker, Chris. "What was an artillery brigade?". The Long, Long Trail. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 Perry 1992, p. 51
- 1 2 3 Frederick 1984, p. 449
- ↑ Conrad, Mark (1996). "The British Army, 1914". Retrieved 27 November 2013.
- ↑ Westlake 1992, p. 3
- ↑ Clarke 2004, p. 23
- ↑ Becke 1936, p. 24
- ↑ "3rd Australian Light Horse Brigade". Australian Light Horse Studies Centre. 9 November 2010. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
- ↑ "New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade". Australian Light Horse Studies Centre. 10 February 2010. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
- 1 2 3 Perry 1992, p. 52
- ↑ Farndale 1988, p. 83
Bibliography
- Becke, Major A.F. (1936). Order of Battle of Divisions Part 2A. The Territorial Force Mounted Divisions and the 1st-Line Territorial Force Divisions (42–56). London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. ISBN 1-871167-12-4.
- Clarke, Dale (2004). British Artillery 1914–19 Field Army Artillery. Volume 94 of New Vanguard Series. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-688-7.
- Farndale, General Sir Martin (1988). The Forgotten Fronts and the Home Base, 1914–18. History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery. Woolwich: The Royal Artillery Institution. ISBN 1-870114-05-1.
- Frederick, J.B.M. (1984). Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660–1978. Wakefield, Yorkshire: Microform Academic Publishers. ISBN 1-85117-009-X.
- Gullett, Henry Somer (1923). The Australian Imperial Force in Sinai and Palestine, 1914–1918. Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918. Volume VII. Sydney: Angus and Robertson. OCLC 59863829.
- Perry, F.W. (1992). Order of Battle of Divisions Part 5A. The Divisions of Australia, Canada and New Zealand and those in East Africa. Newport, Gwent: Ray Westlake Military Books. ISBN 1-871167-25-6.
- Westlake, Ray (1992). British Territorial Units 1914–18. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85532-168-7.