Imi Lichtenfeld

Imi Lichtenfeld

Imi Lichtenfeld is on left.
Born Emrich Lichtenfeld
(1910-05-26)May 26, 1910
Budapest, Austria-Hungary
Died January 9, 1998(1998-01-09) (aged 87)
Netanya, Israel
Other names Imi Lichtenfeld, Imi Sde-Or
Style Krav Maga
Notable students Eli Avikzar [1] Haim Gidon, Yaron Lichtenstein, Kobi Lichtenstein, Eyal Yanilov, Gabi Noah, Avi Moyal

Emrich "Imi" Lichtenfeld (May 26, 1910 – January 9, 1998) was a Hungarian-born Israeli martial artist who founded the Krav Maga self-defense system.[2][3] He was also known as Imi Sde-Or, the Hebrew calque of his surname.[4]

Early life

Lichtenfeld was born on May 26, 1910,[5][6] to a Hungarian Jewish family in Budapest in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He grew up in Bratislava, Slovakia. His father, Samuel Lichtenfeld, was a chief inspector on the Bratislava police force and a former circus acrobat.[7] Lichtenfeld trained at the Hercules Gymnasium, which was owned by his father, who taught self-defense.

Lichtenfeld was a successful boxer, wrestler, and gymnast since his youth.[4] He competed at national and international levels and was a champion and member of the Slovakian National Wrestling Team.[8] In 1928, he won the Slovakian Youth Wrestling Championship, and in 1929, the adult championship in the light and middleweight divisions. That year, he also won the national boxing championship and an international gymnastics championship.

Development of Krav Maga

In the late 1930s, anti-Semitic riots threatened the Jewish population of Bratislava. Together with other Jewish boxers and wrestlers, Lichtenfeld helped to defend his Jewish neighborhood against racist gangs. He quickly decided that sport has little in common with real combat and began developing a system of techniques for practical self-defense in life-threatening situations.[9][10]

In 1935, Lichtenfeld visited Palestine with a team of Jewish wrestlers to participate in the Maccabi games but could not participate because of a broken rib that resulted from his training while on route. This led to the fundamental Krav Maga precept, 'do not get hurt' while training. Lichtenfeld returned to Czechoslovakia to face increasing anti-Semitic violence. Lichtenfeld organized a group of young Jews to protect his community. On the streets, he acquired hard won experience and the crucial understanding of the differences between sport fighting and street fighting. He developed his fundamental self-defense principle: 'use natural movements and reactions' for defense, combined with an immediate and decisive counterattack. From this evolved the refined theory of 'simultaneous defense and attack' while 'never occupying two hands in the same defensive movement.'[11][12][13]

In 1940, Lichtenfeld fled the Nazi occupation of his homeland, heading for Palestine on the Aliyah Bet vessel, Pencho, which shipwrecked on the Dodecanese Islands in the Aegean Sea. He reached Palestine in 1942 after serving with distinction in the British supervised Free Czech Legion in North Africa.[14] The Haganah's leaders immediately recognized Lichtenfeld's fighting prowess and ingenuity. In 1944 Imi[15] began training fighters in his areas of expertise: physical fitness, swimming, wrestling, use of the knife, and defenses against knife attacks. During this period, Imi trained several elite units of the Hagana and Palmach (striking force of the Hagana and forerunner of the special units of the IDF), including the Pal-yam, as well as groups of police officers. In 1948, when the State of Israel was founded and the IDF was formed, Imi became Chief Instructor for Physical Fitness and Krav Maga at the IDF School of Combat Fitness. He served in the IDF for about 20 years, during which time he developed and refined his unique method for self-defense and hand-to-hand combat. After he finished his active duty, Imi began adapting and modifying Krav Maga to civilian needs.

The method was formulated to suit everyone – man and woman, boy or girl, who might need it to save his or her life or survive an attack while sustaining minimal harm, whatever the background of the attack – criminal, nationalistic, or other. To disseminate his method, Imi established two training centers, one in Tel Aviv and the other in Netanya.

Later life

In 1964, Lichtenfeld retired from the Israeli military.[8] He then modified Krav Maga to fit the needs of police forces and ordinary civilians. He trained teams of Krav Maga instructors, who were accredited by him and the Israeli Ministry of Education.[4] He also created the Israeli Krav Maga Association (IKMA) on October 22, 1978 and the International Krav Maga Federation in 1995.[7] On January 9, 1998, Lichtenfeld died in Netanya, Israel, at the age of 87.[16]

Bibliography

See also

References

  1. ↑ "וינגייט המכללה האקדמית(TM): Eli Avikzar". www.wincol.ac.il.
  2. ↑ Korvo, Kevin (2008-09-30). "Krav Maga: training for self-defense and fitness". Mansfield News Journal. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
  3. ↑ "The mother of all fightbacks". Daily Telegraph. London. 2005-10-22. Retrieved 2010-01-01.
  4. 1 2 3 Brown, Nathan (2007). The Everything Krav Maga for Fitness Book. Adams Media. p. 2. ISBN 1-59869-424-3.
  5. ↑ South American Federation of Krav Maga: The Creator Retrieved 2010-02-02.
  6. ↑ TDefiende: Imi Lichtenfeld Retrieved 2010-02-02.
  7. 1 2 Christophe, Phillipe (2006). The Essential Krav Maga. Blue Snake Books. p. 91. ISBN 1-58394-168-1.
  8. 1 2 "Fight Club". Haaretz. Retrieved 2010-01-02.
  9. ↑ "Combative workouts: Krav Maga". Timeout. Retrieved 2010-01-01.
  10. ↑ Gray, Sadie (2005-01-29). "Feeling a bit defensive ...". The Times. London. Retrieved 2010-01-02.
  11. ↑ "How to get fit – and get even". Daily Telegraph. London. 2005-10-11. Retrieved 2010-01-01.
  12. ↑ "Krav Maga of the Israeli Commandos". History Channel. Retrieved 2010-01-01.
  13. ↑ McHugh, Paul (2000-10-01). "A craving for Krav Maga: Israeli martial art wins armies of devotees in the United States". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2010-01-02.
  14. ↑ "KMTX|Krav Maga|Texas". Krav-magatexas.com. Retrieved 2016-01-12.
  15. ↑ "Imi Lichtenfeld". IKM Krav Maga New York. Retrieved 2012-05-17.
  16. ↑ "Krav Maga teaches practical self-defense in tough workout". USA Today. 2005-02-24. Retrieved 2010-01-01.
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