Inowrocław

Inowrocław

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Coat of arms
Inowrocław
Coordinates: 52°47′35″N 18°15′40″E / 52.79306°N 18.26111°E / 52.79306; 18.26111
Country  Poland
Voivodeship Kuyavian-Pomeranian
County Inowrocław County
Gmina Inowrocław (urban gmina)
Government
 • Mayor Ryszard Brejza
Area
 • Total 30.42 km2 (11.75 sq mi)
Highest elevation 100 m (300 ft)
Lowest elevation 85 m (279 ft)
Population (2014)
 • Total 74,803
 • Density 2,500/km2 (6,400/sq mi)
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code 88-100 to 88-115
Area code(s) (+48) 52
Car plates CIN
Website http://www.inowroclaw.pl

Inowrocław (Polish pronunciation: ['inɔˈvrɔt͡swaf]; German: Hohensalza; until 1904: Inowrazlaw, rarely Jungbreslau) is a city in north-central Poland with a total population of 74,803 in 2014. It is situated in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999, previously in the Bydgoszcz Voivodeship (1975–1998).

Inowrocław is an industrial town located about 40 kilometres (25 miles) southeast of Bydgoszcz known for its saltwater baths and salt mines. The town is the 5th largest agglomeration in its voivodeship, and is a major railway junction, where the west-east line (Poznań - Toruń) crosses the Polish Coal Trunk-Line from Chorzów to Gdynia.

History

Królowej Jadwigi Street leading to the town market
St Mary's church - Minor basilica.

The town was first mentioned in 1185 as Novo Wladislaw, possibly in honor of Władysław I Herman or after the settlers from Włocławek. Many inhabitants of Włocławek settled in Inowrocław fleeing flooding. In 1236, the settlement was renamed Juveni Wladislawia. It was incorporated two years later by Casimir Conradowicz. From 1466 to 1772, Inowrocław was the capital of Poland's Inowrocław Voivodeship, which covered northern Kuyavia. The town's development was aided by the discovery of extensive salt deposits in the vicinity during the 15th century.

Inowrocław was annexed to the Kingdom of Prussia in February 1772 during the First Partition of Poland and added to the Netze District. Following the Franco-Prussian Treaty in July 1807, Inowrocław was transferred to the newly created Duchy of Warsaw, which was a client state of the French Empire. The city was a headquarters for Napoleon Bonaparte during his 1812 invasion of Russia. Following the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Inowrocław (as first Inowraclaw and later Inowrazlaw) was transferred back to Prussia as part of the Grand Duchy of Posen. It flourished after the establishment of a railway junction in 1872 and a spa in 1875. The city and the region were renamed Hohensalza on December 5, 1904. It was electrified in 1908.

After the end of World War I, following the Treaty of Versailles (which came into effect on January 10, 1920), the name Inowrocław was restored and the city became part of the re-established sovereign Polish state. High unemployment resulting from trade embargoes led to violent confrontations between workers and the police in 1926 and hunger strikes killed 20 in 1930. Inowrocław was part of Poznań Voivodeship until 1925, when it became an independent urban district. This district was briefly annexed to Great Pomerania during the reform of Polish regional administration just prior to World War II. Captured by the German 4th Army on September 11, 1939, Inowrocław was again renamed Hohensalza and initially administered under the military district (Militärbezirk) of Posen before being incorporated into Nazi Germany first as part of the reichsgau of Posen (1939) and then as part of Reichsgau Wartheland (1939-1945.) Between 1940 and 1945, Hohensalza was used as a resettlement camp for Poles and an internment camp for Soviet, French, and British POWs.

Inowrocław returned to Poland and its original name following the arrival of the Soviet Red Army on January 21, 1945. The last German air raid occurred on April 4, 1945, when a single aircraft dropped four fragmentation bombs and fired on travelers waiting at the Inowrocław train platform. Between 1950 and 1998, the town was part of Bydgoszcz Voivodeship, but the 1999 reforms left it part of Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship.

Population

Alternative Town Names

Other names Inowrocław was called included Jungbreslau and Inowrazlaw.

Districts and neighborhoods

Landmarks and monuments

Sports

Notable residents

References

  1. 1 2 Mikołajczak, Edmund. "History of Inowrocław". Inowrocław, Poland (Official Website) (in Polish). Inowrocław Town Council. Archived from the original on July 21, 2015. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
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Coordinates: 52°48′N 18°16′E / 52.800°N 18.267°E / 52.800; 18.267

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