Sandy Bridge

Sandy Bridge
Max. CPU clock rate 1.60 GHz to 3.60 GHz
Product code 80623 (desktop)
L1 cache 64 KB per core
L2 cache 256 KB per core
L3 cache 1 MB to 8 MB shared
10 MB to 15 MB (Extreme)
3 MB to 20 MB (Xeon)
Model Celeron Series
Pentium Series
Core i3/i5/i7/i7 Extreme Series
Xeon E3/E5 Series
Created January 2011
Transistors 504 M 32nm (Q0)
Architecture Sandy Bridge x86
Instructions MMX, AES-NI, CLMUL
Extensions
Socket(s)
Predecessor Nehalem (tock)
Westmere (tick)
Successor Ivy Bridge (tick)
Haswell (tock)
GPU HD Graphics
650 MHz to 1100 MHz
HD Graphics 2000
650 MHz to 1250 MHz
HD Graphics 3000
650 MHz to 1350 MHz
HD Graphics P3000
850 MHz to 1350 MHz
Bottom view of a Sandy Bridge i7-2600k

Sandy Bridge is the codename for a microarchitecture developed by Intel beginning in 2005 for central processing units in computers to replace the Nehalem microarchitecture. Intel demonstrated a Sandy Bridge processor in 2009, and released first products based on the architecture in January 2011 under the Core brand.[1][2] Developed primarily by the Israeli branch of Intel, the codename was originally "Gesher" (meaning "bridge" in Hebrew).[3]

Sandy Bridge implementations targeted a 32 nanometer manufacturing process, while Intel's subsequent product, codenamed Ivy Bridge, uses a 22 nanometer process. The Ivy Bridge die shrink, known in the Intel Tick-Tock model as the "tick", is based on FinFET (non-planar, "3D") tri-gate transistors. Intel demonstrated the Ivy Bridge processors in 2011.[4]

A Core i7 2600 Sandy Bridge CPU at 3.4 GHz with 1333MHz DDR3 memory reaches 83 GFLOPS performance in the Whetstone benchmark and 118,000 MIPS in the Drystone benchmark.[5]

Technology

Developed primarily by the Israel branch of Intel, the codename was originally "Gesher" (meaning "bridge" in Hebrew). The name was changed to avoid being associated with the defunct Gesher political party;[6] the decision was led by Ron Friedman, vice president of Intel managing the group at the time.[1] Intel demonstrated a Sandy Bridge processor with A1 stepping at 2 GHz during the Intel Developer Forum in September 2009.[7]

Upgraded features from Nehalem include:

Translation lookaside buffer sizes[13][14]
Cache Page Size
Name Level 4 KB 2 MB 1 GB
DTLB 1st 64 32 4
ITLB 1st 128 8 / logical core none
STLB 2nd 512 none none
All translation lookaside buffers (TLBs) are 4-way associative.[15]

Models and steppings

All Sandy Bridge processors with one, two, or four cores report the same CPUID model 0206A7h[16] and are closely related. The stepping number can not be seen from the CPUID but only from the PCI configuration space. The later Sandy Bridge-E processors with up to eight cores and no graphics are using CPUIDs 0206D6h and 0206D7h.[17] Ivy Bridge CPUs all have CPUID 0306A9h to date, and are built in four different configurations differing in the number of cores, L3 cache and GPU execution units.

Die Code Name CPUID Stepping Die size Transistors Cores GPU EUs L3 Cache Sockets
Sandy Bridge-HE-4 0206A7h D2 216 mm2 1.16 billion 4 12 8 MB LGA 1155, Socket G2, BGA-1224, BGA-1023
Sandy Bridge-H-2 J1 149 mm2 624 million 2 4 MB LGA 1155, Socket G2, BGA-1023
Sandy Bridge-M-2 Q0 131 mm2 504 million 6 3 MB
Sandy Bridge-EP-8 0206D6h C1 416 mm2 2.27 billion 8 N/A 20 MBLGA 2011
0206D7h C2
Sandy Bridge-EP-4 0206D6h M0 270 mm2 1.27 billion 4 N/A 10 MB LGA 2011
0206D7h M1

Performance

List of Sandy Bridge processors

1Processors featuring Intel's HD 3000 graphics are set in bold. Other processors feature HD 2000 graphics, HD Graphics (Pentium and Celeron models) or no graphics core (Graphics Clock rate indicated by N/A).

Desktop platform

[19] [20] [21]

Target
segment		 Processor
Branding & Model		 Cores
(Threads)		 CPU Clock rate Graphics Clock rate L3
Cache		 TDP Release
Date (Y-M-D)		 Price
(USD)		 Motherboard
Normal Turbo Normal Turbo Socket Interface Memory
Extreme /
High-End		 Core i7
Extreme		 3970X 6 (12) 3.5 GHz 4.0 GHz N/A 15 MB 150 W 2012-11-12 $999 LGA
2011		 DMI 2.0
PCIe 2.0[22]		 Up to quad
channel
DDR3-1600[23]
3960X 3.3 GHz 3.9 GHz 130 W 2011-11-14
Core i7 3930K 3.2 GHz 3.8 GHz 12 MB $583
3820 4 (8) 3.6 GHz 10 MB 2012-02-13[24] $294
Performance 2700K 3.5 GHz 3.9 GHz 850 MHz 1350 MHz 8 MB 95 W 2011-10-24 $332 LGA
1155		 DMI 2.0
PCIe 2.0		 Up to dual
channel
DDR3-1333
2600K 3.4 GHz 3.8 GHz 2011-01-09 $317
2600 $294
2600S 2.8 GHz 65 W $306
Core i5 2550K 4 (4) 3.4 GHz N/A 6 MB 95 W 2012-01-30 $225
2500K 3.3 GHz 3.7 GHz 850 MHz 1100 MHz 2011-01-09 $216
2500 $205
2500S 2.7 GHz 65 W $216
2500T 2.3 GHz 3.3 GHz 650 MHz 1250 MHz 45 W
2450P 3.2 GHz 3.5 GHz N/A 95 W 2012-01-30 $195
2400 3.1 GHz 3.4 GHz 850 MHz 1100 MHz 2011-01-09 $184
2405S 2.5 GHz 3.3 GHz 65 W 2011-05-22 $205
2400S 2011-01-09 $195
2380P 3.1 GHz 3.4 GHz N/A 95 W 2012-01-30 $177
2320 3.0 GHz 3.3 GHz 850 MHz 1100 MHz 2011-09-04
2310 2.9 GHz 3.2 GHz 2011-05-22
2300 2.8 GHz 3.1 GHz 2011-01-09
Mainstream 2390T 2 (4) 2.7 GHz 3.5 GHz 650 MHz 3 MB 35 W 2011-02-20 $195
Core i3 2120T 2.6 GHz N/A 2011-09-04 $127
2100T 2.5 GHz 2011-02-20
2115C 2.0 GHz N/A 25 W 2012-05 $241 BGA
1284
2130 3.4 GHz 850 MHz 1100 MHz 65 W 2011-09-04 $138 LGA
1155
2125 3.3 GHz $134
2120 2011-02-20 $138
2105 3.1 GHz 2011-05-22 $134
2102 Q2 2011 $127
2100 2011-02-20 $117
Pentium G870 2 (2) 2012-06-03 $86
G860 3.0 GHz 2011-09-04
G860T 2.6 GHz 650 MHz 35 W 2012-06-03 $75
G850 2.9 GHz 850 MHz 65 W 2011-05-24 $86
G840 2.8 GHz $75
G645 2.9 GHz 09-03-2012 $64 Up to dual
channel
DDR3-1066
G640 2.8 GHz 06-03-2012
G632 2.7 GHz Q3 2011
G630 2011-09-04 $75
G622 2.6 GHz Q2 2011
G620 2011-05-24 $64
G645T 2.5 GHz 650 MHz 35 W 09-03-2012
G640T 2.4 GHz 06-03-2012
G630T 2.3 GHz 2011-09-04 $70
G620T 2.2 GHz 2011-05-24
Celeron G555 2.7 GHz 850 MHz 1000 MHz 2 MB 65 W 2012-09-02 $52
G550 2.6 GHz 2012-06-03
G540 2.5 GHz 2011-09-04
G530 2.4 GHz $42
G550T 2.2 GHz 650 MHz 35 W 2012-09-02
G540T 2.1 GHz 2012-06-03
G530T 2.0 GHz 2011-09-04 $47
G470 1 (2) 1.5 MB 2013-06-09 $37 Up to dual
channel
DDR3-1333
G465 1.9 GHz 2012-09-02 Up to dual
channel
DDR3-1066
G460 1.8 GHz 2011-12-11
G440 1 (1) 1.6 GHz 1 MB 2011-09-04

Suffixes to denote:

NOTE: 3970X, 3960X, 3930K, and 3820 are actually of Sandy Bridge-E edition.

Server platform

Target
Segment		 Socket Processor
Branding & Model		 Cores
(Threads)		 CPU Clock rate Graphics Clock rate L3
Cache		 Interface Supported
Memory		 TDP Release
Date		 Price
(USD)
Standard Turbo Normal Turbo
4P Server LGA
2011		 Xeon E5 4650 8 (16) 2.7 GHz 3.3 GHz N/A 20 MB 2× QPI
DMI 2.0
PCIe 3.0		 4x DDR3-1600 130 W 2012-05-14 $3616
4650L 2.6 GHz 3.1 GHz 115 W
4640 2.4 GHz 2.8 GHz 95 W $2725
4620 2.2 GHz 2.6 GHz 16 MB 4x DDR3-1333 $1611
4617 6 (6) 2.9 GHz 3.4 GHz 15 MB 4x DDR3-1600 130 W
4610 6 (12) 2.4 GHz 2.9 GHz 4x DDR3-1333 95 W $1219
4607 2.2 GHz N/A 12 MB 4x DDR3-1066 $885
4603 4 (8) 2.0 GHz 10 MB $551
2P Server 2687W 8 (16) 3.1 GHz 3.8 GHz 20 MB 4x DDR3-1600 150 W 2012-03-06 $1885
2690 2.9 GHz 135 W $2057
2680 2.7 GHz 3.5 GHz 130 W $1723
2689 2.6 GHz 3.6 GHz 115 W OEM
2670 3.3 GHz $1552
2665 2.4 GHz 3.1 GHz $1440
2660 2.2 GHz 3.0 GHz 95 W $1329
2658 2.1 GHz 2.4 GHz $1186
2650 2.0 GHz 2.8 GHz $1107
2650L 1.8 GHz 2.3 GHz 70 W
2648L 2.1 GHz $1186
2667 6 (12) 2.9 GHz 3.5 GHz 15 MB 130 W $1552
2640 2.5 GHz 3.0 GHz 4x DDR3-1333 95 W $884
2630 2.3 GHz 2.8 GHz $612
2620 2.0 GHz 2.5 GHz $406
2630L 60 W $662
2628L 1.8 GHz N/A ? OEM
2643 4 (8) 3.3 GHz 3.5 GHz 10 MB 4x DDR3-1600 130 W 2012-03-06 $884
2618L 1.8 GHz N/A 4x DDR3-1066 50 W ? OEM
2609 4 (4) 2.4 GHz 80 W 2012-03-06 $246
2603 1.8 GHz $202
2637 2 (4) 3.0 GHz 3.5 GHz 5 MB 4x DDR3-1600 $884
LGA
1356		 2470 8 (16) 2.3 GHz 3.1 GHz 20 MB 1× QPI
DMI 2.0
PCIe 3.0		 3x DDR3-1600 95 W 2012-05-14 $1440
2450 2.1 GHz 2.9 GHz $1106
2450L 1.8 GHz 2.3 GHz 70 W
2448L 2.1 GHz $1151
2449L 1.4 GHz 1.8 GHz 50 W OEM
2440 6 (12) 2.4 GHz 2.9 GHz 15 MB 3x DDR3-1333 95 W $834
2430 2.2 GHz 2.7 GHz $551
2420 1.9 GHz 2.4 GHz $388
2430L 2.0 GHz 2.5 GHz 60 W $662
2428L 1.8 GHz 2.0 GHz $628
2418L 4 (8) 2.0 GHz 2.1 GHz 10 MB 50 W $387
2407 4 (4) 2.2 GHz N/A 3x DDR3-1066 80 W $250
2403 1.8 GHz $192
1P Server LGA
2011		 1660 6 (12) 3.3 GHz 3.9 GHz 15 MB 2× QPI
DMI 2.0
PCIe 3.0		 Up to quad
channel
DDR3-1600		 130 W 2012-03-06 $1080
1650 3.2 GHz 3.8 GHz 12 MB $583
1620 4 (8) 3.6 GHz 10 MB $294
1607 4 (4) 3.0 GHz N/A Up to quad
channel
DDR3-1066		 $244
1603 2.8 GHz $198
LGA
1356		 1428L 6 (12) 1.8 GHz N/A 15 MB 1× QPI
DMI 2.0
PCIe 3.0		 3x DDR3-1333 60 W Q2 2012 $395
1410 4 (8) 2.8 GHz 3.2 GHz 10 MB 80 W 2012-05-14
Pentium 1407 2 (2) N/A 5 MB 3x DDR3-1066
1405 1.2 GHz 1.8 GHz 40 W August 2012 $143
1403 2.6 GHz N/A 80 W 2012-05-14
LGA
1155		 Xeon E3 1290 4 (8) 3.6 GHz 4.0 GHz 8 MB DMI 2.0
PCIe 2.0		 Up to dual
channel
DDR3-1333		 95 W 2011-05-29 $885
1280 3.5 GHz 3.9 GHz 2011-04-03 $612
1275 3.4 GHz 3.8 GHz 850 MHz 1350 MHz $339
1270 N/A 80 W $328
1260L 2.4 GHz 3.3 GHz 650 MHz 1250 MHz 45 W $294
1245 3.3 GHz 3.7 GHz 850 MHz 1350 MHz 95 W $262
1240 N/A 80 W $250
1235 3.2 GHz 3.6 GHz 850 MHz 1350 MHz 95 W $240
1230 N/A 80 W $215
1225 4 (4) 3.1 GHz 3.4 GHz 850 MHz 1350 MHz 6 MB 95 W $194
1220 N/A 8 MB 80 W $189
1220L 2 (4) 2.2 GHz 3 MB 20 W
BGA
1284		 1125C 4 (8) 2.0 GHz N/A 8 MB Up to dual
channel
DDR3-1600		 40 W May 2012 $444
1105C 1.0 GHz 6 MB 25 W $333
LGA
1155		 Pentium 350 2 (4) 1.2 GHz 3 MB Up to dual
channel
DDR3-1333		 15 W November 2011 $159

Mobile platform

Target
Segment		 Processor
Branding & Model		 Cores /
Threads		 CPU Clock rate Graphics Clock rate L3
Cache		 TDP Release
Date		 Price
(USD)		 Motherboard
Normal Turbo
(1C/2C/4C)		 Normal Turbo Interface Socket
Extreme Core i7
Extreme		 2960XM 4 (8) 2.7 GHz 3.7/3.6/3.4 GHz 650 MHz 1300 MHz 8 MB 55 W 2011-09-04 $1096 *DMI 2.0
*Memory: Up to
dual channel
DDR3-1600 MHz
*PCIe 2.0		 Socket G2 /
BGA-1224 (in embedded products)[25]
2920XM 2.5 GHz 3.5/3.4/3.2 GHz 2011-01-05
Performance Core i7 2860QM 2.5 GHz 3.6/3.5/3.3 GHz 45 W 2011-09-04 $568
2820QM 2.3 GHz 3.4/3.3/3.1 GHz 2011-01-05
2760QM 2.4 GHz 3.5/3.4/3.2 GHz 6 MB 2011-09-04 $378
2720QM 2.2 GHz 3.3/3.2/3.0 GHz 2011-01-05
2715QE 2.1 GHz 3.0/2.9/2.7 GHz 1200 MHz
2710QE
2675QM 2.2 GHz 3.1/3.0/2.8 GHz 1200 MHz 2011-10-02 *DMI 2.0
*Memory: Up to
dual channel
DDR3-1333 MHz
*PCIe 2.0
2670QM 1100 MHz
2635QM 2.0 GHz 2.9/2.8/2.6 GHz 1200 MHz 2011-01-05
2630QM 1100 MHz
Mainstream 2640M 2 (4) 2.8 GHz 3.5/3.3 GHz 1300 MHz 4 MB 35 W 2011-09-04 $346 Socket G2 /
BGA-1023 (in embedded products)[25]
2620M 2.7 GHz 3.4/3.2 GHz 2011-02-20
2649M 2.3 GHz 3.2/2.9 GHz 500 MHz 1100 MHz 25 W
2629M 2.1 GHz 3.0/2.7 GHz $311
2655LE 2.2 GHz 2.9/2.7 GHz 650 MHz 1000 MHz $346
2677M 1.8 GHz 2.9/2.6 GHz 350 MHz 1200 MHz 17 W 2011-06-20 $317
2637M 1.7 GHz 2.8/2.5 GHz $289
2657M 1.6 GHz 2.7/2.4 GHz 1000 MHz 2011-02-20 $317
2617M 1.5 GHz 2.6/2.3 GHz 950 MHz $289
2610UE 2.4/2.1 GHz 850 MHz $317
Core i5 2557M 1.7 GHz 2.7/2.4 GHz 1200 MHz 3 MB 2011-06-20 $250
2537M 1.4 GHz 2.3/2.0 GHz 900 MHz 2011-02-20
2467M 1.6 GHz 2.3/2.0 GHz 1150 MHz 2011-06-19
2540M 2.6 GHz 3.3/3.1 GHz 650 MHz 1300 MHz 35 W 2011-06-20 $266
2520M 2.5 GHz 3.2/3.0 GHz $225
2515E 3.1/2.8 GHz 1100 MHz $266
2510E
2450M 1300 MHz 2012-01 $225
2435M 2.4 GHz 3.0/2.7 GHz 2011-10-02 OEM
2430M 1200 MHz $225
2410M 2.3 GHz 2.9/2.6 GHz 2011-06-20
Core i3 2370M 2.4 GHz N/A 1150 MHz 2012-01
2350M 2.3 GHz 2011-10-02
2348M 2013-01 OEM
2330E 2.2 GHz 1050 MHz 2011-06-19 $225
2330M 1100 MHz
2328M 2012-09
2312M 2.1 GHz Q2 2011 OEM
2310E 1050 MHz 2011-02-20
2310M 1100 MHz
2377M 1.5 GHz 350 MHz 1000 MHz 17 W Q3 2012 $225
2375M 2012-03
2367M 1.4 GHz 2011-10-02 $250
2365M 2012-09 $225
2357M 1.3 GHz 950 MHz 2011-06-19 OEM
2340UE 800 MHz $250
Pentium B915C 1.5 GHz N/A 15 W 2012-05 $138
997 2 (2) 1.6 GHz 350 MHz 1000 MHz 2 MB 17 W 2012-09-30 $134
987 1.5 GHz Q3 2012
977 1.4 GHz 2012-01
967 1.3 GHz 2011-10-02
957 1.2 GHz 800 MHz 2011-06-19
B980 2.4 GHz 650 MHz 1150 MHz 35 W 2012-09 $125
B970 2.3 GHz 2012-01
B960 2.2 GHz 1100 MHz 2011-10-02 $134
B950 2.1 GHz 2011-06-19
B940 2.0 GHz
Celeron B840 1.9 GHz 1000 MHz 2011-09-04 $86
B830 1.8 GHz 1050 MHz 2012-09-30
B820[26] 1.7 GHz 2012-07-29
B815[27] 1.6 GHz 2012-01
B810E 1000 MHz 2011-06-19
B810 950 MHz 2011-03-13
B800 1.5 GHz 1000 MHz 2011-06-19 $80
887 350 MHz 17 W 09-30-2012 $86
877 1.4 GHz 2012-07-29
867 1.3 GHz January 2012 $134
857 1.2 GHz 2011-07-03
847 1.1 GHz 800 MHz 2011-06-19
847E
807 1 (2) 1.5 GHz 950 MHz 1.5 MB 2012-07-29 $70
725C 1.3 GHz N/A 10 W 2012-05 $74
827E 1 (1) 1.4 GHz 350 MHz 800 MHz 17 W 2011-07-03 $107
797 950 MHz 2012-01
787 1.3 GHz 2011-07-03
B730 1.8 GHz 650 MHz 1000 MHz 35 W 2012-07-29 $70
B720[28] 1.7 GHz 2012-01
B710 1.6 GHz 2011-06-19
807UE 1.0 GHz 350 MHz 800 MHz 1 MB 10 W 2011-11 $117

Suffixes to denote:

Cougar Point chipset flaw

On 31 January 2011, Intel issued a recall on all 67-series motherboards due to a flaw in the Cougar Point Chipset.[29] A hardware problem, in which the chipset's SATA-II ports may fail over time, cause failure of connection to SATA-II devices, though data is not at risk.[30] Intel claims that this problem will affect only 5% of users over 3 years, however, heavier I/O workloads can exacerbate the problem.

Intel stopped production of flawed B2 stepping chipsets and began producing B3 stepping chipsets with the silicon fix. Shipping of these new chipsets started on 14 February 2011 and Intel estimated full recovery volume in April 2011.[31] Motherboard manufacturers (such as ASUS and Gigabyte Technology) and computer manufacturers (such as Dell and Hewlett-Packard) stopped selling products that involved the flawed chipset and offered support for affected customers. Options ranged from swapping for B3 motherboards to product refunds.[32][33]

Sandy Bridge processor sales were temporarily on hold, as one cannot use the CPU without a motherboard. However, processor release dates were not affected.[34] After two weeks, Intel continued shipping some chipsets, but manufacturers had to agree to a set of terms that will prevent customers from encountering the bug.[35]

Limitations

Overclocking

With Sandy Bridge, Intel has tied the speed of every bus (USB, SATA, PCI, PCI-E, CPU cores, Uncore, memory etc.) to a single internal clock generator issuing the basic 100 MHz Base Clock (BClk).[36] With CPUs being multiplier locked, the only way to overclock is to increase the BClk, which can be raised by only 5–7% without other hardware components failing. As a work around, Intel made available K/X-series processors, which feature unlocked multipliers; with a multiplier cap of 57 for Sandy Bridge.[37] For the Sandy Bridge E platform, there is alternative method known as the BClk ratio overclock.[38]

During IDF (Intel Developer Forum) 2010, Intel demonstrated an unknown Sandy Bridge CPU running stably overclocked at 4.9 GHz on air cooling.[39][40]

Chipset

Non-K edition CPUs can overclock up to four bins from its turbo multiplier. Refer here for chipset support.

vPro remote-control

Sandy and Ivy Bridge processors with vPro capability have security features that can remotely disable a PC or erase information from hard drives. This can be useful in the case of a lost or stolen PC. The commands can be received through 3G signals, Ethernet, or Internet connections. AES encryption acceleration will be available, which can be useful for video conferencing and VoIP applications.[41][42]

Intel Insider

Main article: Intel Insider

Sandy and Ivy Bridge processors contain a DRM technology that some video streaming web sites rely on to restrict use of their content. Such web sites offer 1080p streaming to users with such CPUs and downgrade the quality for other users.[43]

Software development kit

With the introduction of the Sandy Bridge microarchitecture, Intel also introduced the Intel Data Plane Development Kit (Intel DPDK) to help developers of communications applications take advantage of the platform in packet processing applications, and network processors.[44]

Roadmap

Intel demonstrated the Haswell architecture in September 2011, released in 2013 as the successor to Sandy Bridge and Ivy Bridge.[45]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "The Man Behind 'Sandy Bridge'". December 28, 2010. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
  2. ↑ Brooke Crothers (December 15, 2010). "CES: First Intel next-gen laptops will be quad core". The Circuits Blog. CNET.com. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
  3. ↑ "Origin of a Codename: Ivy Bridge". Intel Free Press. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
  4. ↑ "Intel 22nm 3-D Tri-Gate Transistor Technology". News release and press materials. Intel. May 2, 2011. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
  5. ↑ http://ocaholic.ch/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=452&page=6
  6. ↑ "'Sandy Bridge' Breaks the Mold for Chip Codenames". December 28, 2010. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
  7. ↑ Anand Lal Shimpi (September 22, 2009). "IDF 2009 – Intel Shows off 22nm & 32nm, Sandy Bridge Demoed". AnandTech. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
  8. ↑ http://www.hotchips.org/wp-content/uploads/hc_archives/hc23/HC23.19.9-Desktop-CPUs/HC23.19.921.SandyBridge_Power_10-Rotem-Intel.pdf
  9. ↑ Chris Angelini. "The System Agent And Turbo Boost 2.0". Tom's Hardware.
  10. ↑ "Intel® Turbo Boost Technology 2.0". Intel.
  11. ↑ Lal Shimpi, Anand (October 12, 2011). "The Bulldozer Review: AMD FX-8150 Tested". Anandtech.
  12. ↑ Anand Lal Shimpi (2012-10-05). "Intel's Haswell Architecture Analyzed". AnandTech. Retrieved 2013-10-20.
  13. ↑ "Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Optimization Reference Manual". Intel.com. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
  14. ↑ "Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Optimization Reference Manual" (PDF). Intel.com. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
  15. ↑ Result of running cpuid
  16. ↑ "Support for the Intel® Core™ i5 Desktop Processor". Intel.com. 2012-02-22. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
  17. ↑ http://www.intel.com/content/dam/doc/specification-update/core-i7-lga-2011-specification-update.pdf
  18. ↑ Anand Lal Shimpi. "The Sandy Bridge Review: Intel Core i7-2600K, i5-2500K and Core i3-2100 Tested". anandtech.com. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
  19. ↑ "Intel's Sandy Bridge E-Series in Q4 2011". Tom's Hardware. 2011-02-11. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
  20. ↑ "Additional Details on Sandy Bridge-E Processors, X79, and LGA2011". Anandtech. 2011-04-26. Retrieved 2011-04-30.
  21. ↑ "Products (Formerly Sandy Bridge)". Official product web site. Intel. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
  22. ↑ "Intel® Core™ i7-3930K Processor (12M Cache, up to 3.80 GHz)". Retrieved 29 March 2012.
  23. ↑ Chris Angelini (September 12, 2011). "Intel Core i7-3960X (Sandy Bridge-E) And X79 Platform Preview". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved November 14, 2011.
  24. ↑ Fuad Abazovic (January 6, 2012). "Intel Core i7-3820 comes on February 13". Fudzilla. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
  25. 1 2 "2nd Generation Intel® Core™ i7 Processors". Ark.intel.com. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
  26. ↑ "Intel Mobile Celeron B820 - FF8062700848602". Cpu-world.com. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
  27. ↑ "Intel Mobile Celeron B815 - FF8062701159901". Cpu-world.com. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
  28. ↑ "Intel Mobile Celeron B720 - FF8062701084101". Cpu-world.com. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
  29. ↑ محمد رضا پناهی (8 February 2011). "Sandy Bridge، راه حل‌ها، بازار ایران". سخت افزار: مشاوره و بررسی گجت های دیجیتال. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
  30. ↑ Tom's Hardware,Intel Identifies Cougar Point Chipset Error, Halts Shipments http://www.tomshardware.com/news/cougar-point-sandy-bridge-sata-error,12108.html
  31. ↑ "Intel Identifies Chipset Design Error, Implementing Solution" (Press release). Intel Corporation. January 31, 2011.
  32. ↑ "Intel chip bug affects HP, Dell, Samsung and Lenovo". BBC News. 2011-02-03.
  33. ↑ "HP to offer refund for PCs with flawed Intel chip". Reuters. 2011-02-02.
  34. ↑ "Intel to Ship Dual-core Sandy Bridge Chips on Feb. 20". PCWorld. 7 February 2011. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
  35. ↑ "Intel to continue shipping flawed Sandy Bridge chipsets". Expert Reviews. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
  36. ↑ Intel to limit Sandy Bridge Overclocking, Bit-Tech, July 22, 2010
  37. ↑ Anand Lal Shimpi (September 14, 2010). "Intel's Sandy Bridge Architecture Exposed". AnandTech. p. 8. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
  38. ↑ "Intel Core i7-3820 Extreme Edition CPU | Intel,Core i7-3820,CPU,Extreme Edition,Desktop,Processor,BX80619i73820,Benchmarks,Performance,Tests,Hank Tolman,Intel Core i7-3820 CPU Extreme Edition Desktop Processor BX80619i73820 Benchmark Performance Tests by Hank Tolman". Benchmarkreviews.com. 2012-03-05. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
  39. ↑ YouTube. youtube.com. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
  40. ↑ "IDF Intel 2010: Intel Overclocks Sandy Bridge CPU to 4.9 GHz, outpaces 12-core AMD Opteron". ZDNet.
  41. ↑ Hachman, Mark (2010-09-14). "Intel's 'Sandy Bridge' Chip to Include vPro Business Features". PC Magazine.
  42. ↑ "Intel® vPro™ Technology". Intel.
  43. ↑ "Intel® Insider™". Intel.
  44. ↑ Rick Merritt, Intel targets data plane with comms Soc, EE Times, February 2012
  45. ↑ Crothers, Brooke (September 14, 2011). "Haswell chip completes Ultrabook 'revolution'". The Circuits Blog. CNET.com. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
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