Jack Brooks (American politician)

Jack Brooks
Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee
In office January 3, 1989 – January 3, 1995
Speaker	Jim Wright Tom Foley
Preceded by	Peter W. Rodino
Succeeded by	Henry Hyde
Chairman of the House Government Operations Committee
In office January 3, 1975 – January 3, 1989
Speaker	Carl Albert Tip O'Neill Jim Wright
Preceded by	Chester E. Holifield
Succeeded by	John Conyers
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas's 9th district
In office January 3, 1967 – January 3, 1995
Preceded by	Clark W. Thompson
Succeeded by	Steve Stockman
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas's 2nd district
In office January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1967
Preceded by	Jesse M. Combs
Succeeded by	John Dowdy
Member of the Texas House of Representatives for District 16-1
In office 1947–1951
Preceded by	William L. Smith
Succeeded by	William C. Ross, Sr.
Personal details
Born	Jack Bascom Brooks December 18, 1922 Crowley, Louisiana
Died	December 4, 2012 (aged 89) Beaumont, Texas
Political party	Democratic
Spouse(s)	Charlotte Collins Brooks (married 1960-2012, his death)
Children	Jeb Brooks Kate Brooks Carroll Kimberly Brooks
Occupation	Lawyer
Military service
Service/branch	United States Marine Corps
Rank	Colonel
Battles/wars	World War II

Jack Bascom Brooks (December 18, 1922 – December 4, 2012) was a Democratic lawmaker from Beaumont, Texas, who served in the U.S. House of Representatives for 42 years. Defeated in 1994, Brooks was the most senior Representative ever to have lost a general election for the U.S. House.

Early life

Brooks was born December 18, 1922, in Crowley, Louisiana.^[1][2] His family moved to Beaumont, Texas, when he was 5 years old.^[1][2] He attended public schools and enrolled in Lamar Junior College in 1939 after receiving a scholarship.^[2][3] He majored in journalism and transferred to the University of Texas at Austin where he earned a B.A. in 1943.^[1][2] He was a member of the Texas Cowboys service organization. In 1949, while a member of the Texas Legislature, he earned a degree from the University of Texas Law School.^[1][2]

Career

Military

Brooks enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps during World War II. He served for about two years on the Pacific islands of Guadalcanal, Guam, Okinawa, and in North China.^[2][3] By the time he retired from the Marine Corps Reserves in 1972 he had reached the rank of colonel.^[2] On his office desk, Brooks kept a silver paperweight with the inscription "Fighting Marine".^[4]

Texas Legislature

A lifelong Democrat, Brooks was elected to represent Jefferson County in the Texas House of Representatives in 1946. After his election he sponsored a bill that would make Lamar Junior College a four-year institution. The bill initially failed, but passed the following year. He won re-election to the state legislature in 1948 without opposition.^[2]

U.S. Congress

In 1952, Brooks was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in Texas's 2nd congressional district. In 1966, the 2nd was redistricted as Texas's 9th congressional district. Brooks was chairman of the U.S. House Committee on Government Operations from 1975 through 1988, and of the U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary from 1989 until 1995.^[2] He also served on the Select Committee on Congressional Operations, the Joint Committee on Congressional Operations, and the Subcommittee on Legislation and National Security.^[3] In 1979, he became the senior member of the Texas Congressional delegation, a position he held for 15 years.^[2][3]

Brooks was conservative on some issues like the death penalty and gun control, but more liberal on issues like domestic spending, labor, and civil rights. In 1956, he refused to sign the Southern Manifesto^[5] that opposed racial integration in public places. Brooks was one of the few Southern congressmen to support civil rights legislation, and as a ranking member of the House Judiciary Committee, he helped write the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.^[2]

One of Brooks' signature bills required competitive bidding for federal computing contracts. The Brooks Act of 1965 is often cited as being a catalyst for technological advances.^[6] In 1967, Brooks opposed the move of the US Patent Office to attempt to introduce guidelines for software patentability.

As the leader of the Government Operations Committee, Brooks oversaw legislation affecting budget and accounting matters, and the establishment of departments and agencies. He also helped pass the Inspector General Act of 1978, the General Accounting Office Act of 1980, the Paper Reduction Act of 1980, and the Single Audit Act of 1984.

In 1988, Brooks' influence was made prominent by his unusual involvement in trade policy. He introduced a spending bill amendment that banned Japanese companies from U.S. public works projects for one year. He said that he was motivated by continuing signs that the Japanese government "intended to blatantly discriminate against U.S. firms in awarding public works contracts." Representative Tom Foley, who opposed the amendment, said Brooks "is one of the most powerful and effective chairmen in Congress."^[4]

While chair of the House Judiciary Committee, Brooks sponsored the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the Omnibus Crime Control Act of 1991, and the Civil Rights Act of 1991.^[2]

Brooks' sponsorship of the 1994 Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, which eventually was incorporated with an amendment to ban semi-automatic firearms, probably contributed to his electoral defeat by Republican Steve Stockman, despite Brooks' life membership in the National Rifle Association^[2] and his personal opposition to the ban.

A protégé of former Speaker of the House Sam Rayburn, Brooks described himself: "I'm just like old man Rayburn. Just a Democrat. No prefix or suffix."^[1][7]

Links to U.S. presidents

Kennedy and Johnson

Congressman Brooks is visible at right, behind Mrs. Kennedy.

On November 22, 1963, Brooks was in the motorcade carrying U.S. President John F. Kennedy and First Lady Jackie Kennedy through downtown Dallas, Texas, when Kennedy was assassinated.^[1][8] Brooks was a contemporary of Lyndon B. Johnson, who was a U.S. Senator before becoming Vice-President to Kennedy.^[9] He was present on Air Force One at Dallas Love Field when Johnson was sworn in as President after Kennedy's death.^[1][8][10]

Richard M. Nixon

He was a leader in the investigation that uncovered millions of dollars in public funds expended at the vacation homes of President Richard Nixon. Following the Watergate scandal in 1974, Brooks drafted the articles of impeachment later adopted by the House Judiciary Committee. For this reason, Nixon called Brooks his "executioner."^[6]

Personal life and death

In 1960, Brooks married Charlotte Collins. They had three children: Jeb, Kate, and Kimberly.^[1][8] When the House began requiring financial disclosures in the late 1970s, Brooks became known as one of the richest men in Congress, having acquired a number of banks and other businesses during his years in office. He was a 50-year member of Beaumont Lodge #286 A.F. & A.M.

Brooks died at Baptist Hospital of Beaumont on December 4, 2012 - two weeks before his 90th birthday.^[1][8] He died surrounded by family after a sudden illness.^[1] At the time of his death, Brooks was survived by his wife, children, and two grandchildren.^[1][8]

Legacies and tributes

• In 1978, a U.S. court house and post office in Beaumont, Texas, were renamed the Jack Brooks Federal Building.^[11]
• A Galveston County park in Hitchcock, Texas, is named Jack Brooks Park.
• In 1989, a statue of Brooks was placed in the quadrangle at Lamar University in Beaumont.
• In 2001, NASA presented its Distinguished Service Medal to Brooks at a ceremony in the John Gray Center of Lamar University. NASA Admin. Daniel Goldin cited Brooks’ long-standing support of the U.S. space program and his role in "strengthening the agency during its formative years." Goldin said "Congressman Brooks took it upon himself to personally deliver support to one of the agency’s key programs: the design, development, and on-orbit assembly of the International Space Station."^[3]
• In 2002, Brooks was named Post Newsweek Tech Media’s civilian executive of the last twenty years by Government Computer News.^[3]
• In 2008, Brooks donated his archives to the Dolph Briscoe Center for American History of the University of Texas at Austin.^[12]
• In 2010, the Southeast Texas Regional Airport was renamed Jack Brooks Regional Airport in Brooks' honor.^[11]

See also

• Texas politics
• Firearms legislation in the U.S.
• Rex 84

References & sources

1. Graczyk, Michael (December 5, 2012). "Longtime Texas US Rep. Jack Brooks dead at 89". Associated Press (AP). Retrieved November 16, 2013.
2. "Jack Brooks Biography". Dolph Briscoe Center for American History. Congressional History Collection. Austin: University of Texas. 2013.
3. "Jack Brooks (biography)" (PDF). Department of Political Science, College of Arts and Sciences. Beaumont Texas: Lamar University. 2005.
4. Johnson, Julie (January 18, 1988). "Washington Talk: Congress; A 'Fighting Marine' Battles Japan on Trade". The New York Times.
5. Badger, Tony (June 1999). "Southerners Who Refused to Sign the Southern Manifesto". The Historical Journal. Cambridge University Press. 42 (2): 517–534. doi:10.1017/S0018246X98008346. JSTOR 3020998.
6. Cahn, Emily (December 5, 2012). "Jack Brooks of Texas Dies at 89". CQ Roll Call.
7. "Jack Brooks Obituary". Beaumont Enterprise. Beaumont, Texas. Associated Press. December 8, 2012. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
8. Martin, Douglas (December 5, 2012). "Jack Brooks, Former Texas Congressman, Dies at 89". The New York Times. Retrieved November 16, 2013.
9. Dunham, Richard (December 5, 2012). "Remembering Jack Brooks, LBJ protégé, Nixon 'executioner,' fierce partisan, Texas patriot". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved November 18, 2013.
10. "A Tribute to Jack Brooks" (Press release). Austin, Texas: LBJ Presidential Library. December 6, 2012. Retrieved November 18, 2013.
11. Chang, Julie (December 5, 2012). "Jack Brooks legacy in SETX". Beaumont Enterprise. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
12. "Center for American History Announces Acquisition of Congressman Jack Brooks Collection". Dolph Briscoe Center for American History (Press release). Austin: University of Texas. March 24, 2008.

External links

• United States Congress. "Jack Brooks (id: B000880)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
• The LBJ Foundation
• Appearances on C-SPAN