Jack Nichols (activist)

For other people with the same name, see Jack Nichols (disambiguation).
Jack Nichols

Full-face black and white shot of Jack Nichols appearing on television in 1967

Jack Nichols in CBS Reports: The Homosexuals (1967)
Born John Richard Nichols
(1938-03-16)March 16, 1938
Washington, D.C., US
Died May 2, 2005(2005-05-02) (aged 67)
Cocoa Beach, Florida, US
Cause of death Cancer
Nationality American
Other names Warren Adkins
Occupation Journalist
LGBT rights activist
Known for Mattachine Society

John Richard "Jack" Nichols Jr. (March 16, 1938 – May 2, 2005) was an American gay rights activist. He co-founded the Washington, D.C. branch of the Mattachine Society in 1961 with Franklin E. Kameny. He appeared in a 1967 documentary under the pseudonym Warren Adkins.

Biography

Nichols was born in Washington, D.C. to parents of Scottish ancestry. He was raised in Chevy Chase, Maryland and came out as gay to his parents as a teenager.[1] He was inspired at age 15 by the poems of Walt Whitman and the works of Robert Burns. He recalled to Owen Keehnen that, as early as 1955, he was sharing Donald Webster Cory's book The Homosexual in America with his gay friends.[2]

Activism

Nichols co-founded the Mattachine Society of Washington in 1961 with Frank Kameny, and the Mattachine Society of Florida in 1965. The Mattachine Society of Washington was independent of the national Mattachine Society, which had formally disbanded a few months earlier.[1]

Beginning in 1963, he chaired the Mattachine Society of Washington's Committee on Religious Concerns, which later developed into the Washington Area Council on Religion and the Homosexual. This organization was pioneering in forging links between the gay rights movement and the National Council of Churches.[3]

Nichols led the first gay rights march on the White House, in April 1965,[4] and participated in the Annual Reminder pickets at Independence Hall in Philadelphia, held each July 4 from 1965 to 1969. He and other activists successfully lobbied the American Psychiatric Association to rescind its definition of homosexuality as a form of mental illness.[4]

In 1967, Nichols became one of the first Americans to talk openly about his homosexuality on national television when he appeared in CBS Reports: The Homosexuals, a CBS News documentary. Though he allowed himself to be interviewed on camera, Mr. Nichols used the pseudonym "Warren Adkins" in the broadcast because of his father, an FBI agent. His father had threatened him with death if the U.S. government found out Jack was his son and he lost his coveted security clearance.[5] The use of the name "Warren" was in deference to one of Nichols' early lovers he met when visiting his aunt and uncle in Neptune Beach, Florida in 1961. Nichols had an early taste for simple country lovers and his lover, Warren, was from West Virginia. Eventually this passion for "hillbillies" would lead to the first great love of his life, Lige Clarke, who was from Kentucky.

Writing career

With his partner Lige Clarke, Nichols began writing the column "The Homosexual Citizen" for Screw magazine in 1968. "The Homosexual Citizen", which borrowed its title from the newspaper published by Mattachine D.C., was the first LGBT-interest column in a non-LGBT publication. As a result of this column, Nichols and Clarke became known as, "The most famous gay couple in America."

In 1969, after moving to New York City, Nichols and Clarke founded GAY, the first weekly newspaper for gay people in the United States distributed on newsstands.[1] The publication continued until Clarke's murder just north of Veracruz, Mexico. From 1977-78, he served as the editor of Sexology. Nichols was hired in 1981 as the news editor of the San Francisco Sentinel.

From February 1997, Nichols was Senior Editor at GayToday.com, an online newsmagazine.

In November 2010, Jack Nichols' friend, Stephanie Donald, began LGBT-Today.com, in tribute to Nichols and the Gay Rights Movement and got most of the original staff of GayToday.com together including Frank Kameny who wrote exclusively for LGBT-Today.com until his death on October 11, 2011.

Death

He died on May 2, 2005, of complications from cancer of the saliva gland.[6] His best friend, Steve Yates, was in attendance at the time of his death. Nichols's last request was to hear his favorite song, Rosemary Clooney's "Ev'ry Time We Say Goodbye", which Yates played as Nichols slipped away.

Works

References

  1. 1 2 3 Fox, Margalit (2005-05-04). "Jack Nichols, Gay Rights Pioneer, Dies at 67". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-07-29.
  2. ↑ Owen Keehnan with Jack Nichols. "Jack Nichols and The Tomcat Chronicles".
  3. ↑ "The Washington Area Council on Religion & the Homosexual". The Rainbow History Project. Retrieved 2007-09-24.
  4. 1 2 "Seminal GLBT Leader Jack Nichols Passes Away". Equality Forum. 2005-05-02. Retrieved 2007-09-24.
  5. ↑ "Mike Wallace reports on homosexuality... in 1967". 2010-02-10. Retrieved 2010-02-10.
  6. ↑ Cattan, Pe; Videla, Nn (July 1976). "Jack Nichols". The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Religious Archives Network ; Boletin chileno de parasitologia. 31 (3–4): 71–4. ISSN 0365-9402. PMID 1029476. Retrieved 2007-09-24.
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