Annual Reminder

Jack Nichols (left) pickets Independence Hall at the first Annual Reminder

The Annual Reminders were a series of early pickets organized by homophile organizations. The Reminder took place each July 4 at Independence Hall in Philadelphia beginning in 1965 and were among the earliest LGBT demonstrations in the United States. The events were designed to inform and remind the American people that LGBT people did not enjoy basic civil rights protections.

The Reminders were held each year until 1969, with the final picket taking place shortly after the June 28 Stonewall riots, considered the flashpoint of the modern gay liberation movement. Reminder organizers decided to discontinue the July 4 pickets. Instead, they organized the Christopher Street Liberation Day held June 28, 1970, to commemorate the anniversary of the riot.

Origin

Activist Craig Rodwell conceived of the event following a picket at the White House on April 17, 1965, by members of the New York City and Washington, D.C., chapters of the Mattachine Society, Philadelphia's Janus Society and the New York chapter of the Daughters of Bilitis. The groups operated under the collective name East Coast Homophile Organizations (ECHO).[1] The name of the event was selected to remind the American people that a substantial number of American citizens were denied the rights of "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" enumerated in the United States Declaration of Independence.[2] Enthused by Rodwell's idea, ECHO put together the first Reminder picket in just over two months. Thirty-nine people attended the first picket, including veteran activists Frank Kameny, Barbara Gittings and Kay Tobin.[3] Kameny insisted on a strict dress code for participants, including jackets and ties for the men and dresses for the women. Kameny's goal was to represent homosexuals as "presentable and 'employable'".[4] Picketers carried signs with such slogans as "HOMOSEXUAL BILL OF RIGHTS" and "15 MILLION HOMOSEXUAL AMERICANS ASK FOR EQUALITY, OPPORTUNITY, DIGNITY". The picket ran from 3:30 until 5:00 PM.[3] Press coverage was sparse, although Confidential magazine ran a large feature about the Reminder and other homophile pickets in its October 1965 issue under the headline "Homos On The March".[5]

Final Reminder

The Annual Reminder continued through July 4, 1969. This final Annual Reminder took place less than a week after the June 28 Stonewall riots, in which the patrons of the Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in Greenwich Village, fought against police who raided the bar.[6] Rodwell received several telephone calls threatening him and the other New York participants, but he was able to arrange for police protection for the chartered bus all the way to Philadelphia.[7] About 45 people participated, including the deputy mayor of Philadelphia and his wife.[8] The dress code was still in effect at the Reminder, but two women from the New York contingent broke from the single-file picket line and held hands.[9] When Kameny tried to break them apart, Rodwell furiously denounced him to onlooking members of the press.[10]

Following the 1969 Annual Reminder, there was a sense, particularly among the younger and more radical participants, that the time for silent picketing had passed. As Frank Kameny put it, "[P]icketing as such had become questionable. Dissent and dissatisfaction had begun to take new and more emphatic forms in society."[11] At the November 1–2, 1969 meeting of the Eastern Regional Conference of Homophile Organizations (the successor to ECHO), Ellen Broidy of the NYU Student Homophile League presented Craig Rodwell's proposal for a new commemorative demonstration. The conference passed a resolution drafted by Rodwell, his partner Fred Sargeant,[12] Broidy and Linda Rhodes to move the demonstration from July 4 in Philadelphia to the last weekend in June in New York City, as well as proposing to "other organizations throughout the country... suggest(ing) that they hold parallel demonstrations on that day" to commemorate the Stonewall riot. The newly located event in New York City became known as Christopher Street Liberation Day.[13][14][15][16][17]

Commemoration

The Annual Reminders were commemorated in 2005 by the placement of a Pennsylvania state historical marker by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission at 6th and Chestnut Streets.[18] On July 4, 2015, the first Annual Reminder was recreated as part of the celebration of the action's 50th anniversary.[19]

In fiction

The 1995 film Stonewall presents a fictionalized Annual Reminder. However, the film sets the Reminder earlier in the summer, predating the June 28 Stonewall riots.

Notes

  1. ↑ Loughery (1998), p. 270.
  2. ↑ Campbell (2007), p. xviii.
  3. 1 2 Duberman (1993), p. 113.
  4. ↑ Loughery (1998), p. 271.
  5. ↑ Tobin & Wicker (1972), p. 69.
  6. ↑ Rutledge (1992), pp. 1–2.
  7. ↑ Duberman (1993), p. 209.
  8. ↑ Eisenbach (2006), p. 107.
  9. ↑ Bianco (1999), p. 178.
  10. ↑ Duberman (1993), p. 210.
  11. ↑ Tobin & Wicker (1972), p. 105.
  12. ↑ Sargeant, Fred (1969). "Interview". New Symposium II. Archived from the original on June 14, 2010. Retrieved May 8, 2010 – via David Carter.
  13. ↑ Teal (1971), p. 322.
  14. ↑ Marotta (1981), pp. 164-165.
  15. ↑ Duberman (1993), pp. 226–231.
  16. ↑ Carter (2004), p. 230.
  17. ↑ Eisenbach (2006), p. 108.
  18. ↑ Martinac, Paula. "Annual Reminder Marker". National Trust for Historic Preservation. Retrieved April 21, 2011.
  19. ↑ Philly celebrates LGBT milestone with anniversary ceremony, block party

References

  • Bianco, David (1999). Gay Essentials: Facts For Your Queer Brain. Los Angeles: Alyson Books. ISBN 1-55583-508-2. 
  • Campbell, J. Louis, III (2007). Jack Nichols, Gay Pioneer: 'Have You Heard My Message?'. New York: Harrington Park Press. ISBN 1-56023-653-1. 
  • Carter, David (2004). Stonewall: The Riots That Sparked The Gay Revolution. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-20025-0. 
  • Duberman, Martin (1993). Stonewall. New York: Dutton. ISBN 0-452-27206-8. 
  • Eisenbach, David (2006). Gay Power: An American Revolution. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers. ISBN 0-7867-1633-9. 
  • Loughery, John (1998). The Other Side of Silence: Men's Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History. New York: Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 0-8050-3896-5. 
  • Marotta, Toby (1981). The Politics of Homosexuality. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-31338-4. 
  • Rutledge, Leigh (1992). The Gay Decades. New York: Plume. ISBN 0-452-26810-9. 
  • Teal, Donn (1971). The Gay Militants. New York: Stein and Day. ISBN 0-8128-1373-1. 
  • Tobin, Kay & Wicker, Randy (1972). The Gay Crusaders. New York: Paperback Library. ISBN 0-446-66691-2. 
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