João Pinheiro Chagas

João Chagas
56th Prime Minister of Portugal (2nd of the Republic)
In office 3 September 1911 – 12 November 1911
President	Manuel de Arriaga
Preceded by	António Teixeira de Sousa (effective) Teófilo Braga (as President of the Provisional Government)
Succeeded by	Augusto de Vasconcelos
Minister for Internal Affairs
In office 3 September 1911 – 12 November 1911
Prime Minister	Himself
Preceded by	António José de Almeida
Succeeded by	Silvestre Falcão
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office 3 September 1911 – 12 October 1911
Prime Minister	Himself
Preceded by	Bernardino Machado
Succeeded by	Augusto de Vasconcelos
Prime Minister of Portugal (did not take office)
In office 15 May 1915 – 17 May 1915
President	Manuel de Arriaga
Preceded by	Joaquim Pimenta de Castro (effective) Constitutional Junta composed of: José Norton de Matos António Maria da Silva José de Freitas Ribeiro Alfredo de Sá Cardoso Álvaro de Castro
Succeeded by	José de Castro
Minister for Internal Affairs
In office 15 May 1915 – 17 May 1915
Prime Minister	Himself
Preceded by	Pedro Gomes Teixera
Succeeded by	José de Castro
Personal details
Born	1 September 1863 Rio de Janeiro, Empire of Brazil
Died	28 May 1925 (aged 61) Estoril, Portugal
Political party	Portuguese Republican Party (later Independent)
Occupation	Diplomat, journalist, newspaper editor, literary critic and writer

João Pinheiro Chagas (1 September 1863 – 28 May 1925; Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈɐ̃w̃ piˈɲɐjɾu ˈʃaɡɐʃ]) was a Portuguese journalist and politician. He was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, of Portuguese parents who soon moved back to Portugal. He was an editor at the newspapers O Primeiro de Janeiro, Correio do Norte, O Tempo and O Dia. After becoming a republican, he also founded the República Portuguesa and was the director of O País (1898).

Fierce republican

A younger João Chagas.

The monarchist government's reaction to the British Ultimatum of January 1890 that forced Portugal to renounce its extravagant claims to the territories that lay between Portuguese Angola and Portuguese Mozambique, made him a fierce republican and one of Portugal's most fervent anti-monarchy journalists and propagandists.

Political career

After the proclamation of the republic, on 5 October 1910, he was appointed minister in Paris, and, the following year, after the end of the term of the provisional government, he was chosen to lead the first constitutional government of the Portuguese First Republic. It was in power for only two months, from 4 September to 13 November 1911. This was a sad prelude to the political instability of the First Republic. On 17 May 1915, he was again appointed President of the Ministry (Prime Minister), but he didn't take office. He remained a diplomat until his retirement in 1923. He died in Estoril, aged 60.