Justine Masika Bihamba

Justine Masika Bihamba (born c. 1966^[1][2]) is a Congolese activist. As coordinator of Synergy of Women for Victims of Sexual Violence, she works to improve the lives of rural women, defend human rights and assist victims of war, especially women survivors of acts of sexual violence. This work is focussed in the province of North Kivu, and she has also campaigned for justice more widely in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). She has won considerable international recognition for her achievements. She has on several occasions been subject to threats of arrest or death.

Earlier career

Masika Bihamba obtained a national diploma in 1985, and subsequently trained in community development, activity planning, mediation and conflict management.^[2] In 2002 she contributed to a Human Rights Watch report on the condition of women in the east of DRC.^[2]

Founding and work of Synergy

In 2002 Masika Bihamba helped to carry out a survey of violence committed against women in emergency camps set up for people displaced by an eruption of the Nyiragongo volcano. Following consultation with other organisations, a decision was taken to establish Synergy of Women for Victims of Sexual Violence (SFVS).^[3] The organisation is divided into three sections: a psycho-social section, a medical section and a legal defence section.^[4] Since then, SFVS has provided over 1,800 women with emotional, medical and legal support, and has documented the incidence of rape in North Kivu,^[5] calling for the arrest and trial of the perpetrators.^[6]

Participation in other networks

Masika Bihamba is also an active member of a wide range of other networks, such as Oxfam Novib, Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, the Belgian Development Cooperation, Usaid, and other humanitarian, political and development agencies.^[2]

Testifies to ICC review conference

Masika Bihamba testified to the 2010 Review Conference of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in Kampala, Uganda. She pointed to the importance of implementing specific measures to support women who had become victims of sexual crimes and consequently often suffered from trauma and stigmatization. In her view, such assistance to date had been insufficient and should not be limited to financial aid.^[7]

Attacks and threats

• On 18 September 2007, six men, reportedly DRC Army (FARDC) soldiers, broke into Masika Bihamba’s house in Goma. The men reportedly asked for Masika Bihamba, who was absent, and began to search the house. One girl was sexually assaulted, and another was kicked in the face with such force that a tooth was knocked out. When Masika Bihamba returned home during the attack, the men fled. The alleged perpetrators were later identified as soldiers forming the personal guard of an FARDC colonel, but were never arrested or brought to trial, despite the submission of a legal complaint against them by Masika Bihamba nine days after the attack. The daughters later fled abroad for their safety.^[1][5][8]
• On 27 December 2010, a magistrate from the Goma Military Prosecutor’s Department called Masika Bihamba to warn her that she might be arrested if she continued to denounce the human rights violations committed in eastern DRC. This followed her appearance on 28 November on the TV5 programme “And what if you told me the whole truth” (Et si vous me disiez toute la vérité), during which Masika Bihamba had spoken in particular about the impunity, sexual violence and human rights violations perpetrated by General Bosco Ntaganda.^[9]
• In March 2011 Masika Bihamba received threats resulting from her human rights activities, in particular her calls for the rapid implementation of Section 1502 of the U.S. Dodd-Frank Act, dealing with transparency of sourcing of “conflict minerals” from DRC.^[10]
• On 14 March 2012, during an interview on BBC radio, Masika Bihamba again called for the arrest of Ntaganda. A few weeks later on April 10, she and other Congolese civil society leaders met President Joseph Kabila, repeating calls for Ntaganda’s arrest. On 27 April she received death threats by SMS text message. After Ntaganda’s men surrounded her youngest brother’s house, she fled from Goma for temporary exile in a European country. She returned to DRC in 2013 after Ntaganda gave himself up for trial at the International Criminal Court.^[11][12]

Awards

• Justine Masika Bihamba was one of the 1000 women proposed for the Nobel Peace Prize 2005.^[2]
• She received the Human Rights Tulip award from the Netherlands government on 10 December 2008.^[6][11]
• In 2009 she was awarded the Pax Christi International Peace Award.^[13]

References

1. Teresa Wiltz, The Most Dangerous Women in the World: Justine Masika Bihamba, ”More” magazine, 24 May 2010
2. Justine Masika Bihamba – Dem. Republic of the Congo, World People’s Blog, 21 January 2007
3. Ben Affleck, The deadliest war, Washington Post, 30 November 2010
4. Testimonies of Human Rights Defenders: Justine Masika Bihamba, Front Line Defenders
5. Human Rights Defender at Risk: Justine Masika Bihamba in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Amnesty USA, 10 February 2009
6. Evaluating the Dutch National Action Plan on UNSC Resolution 1325 after one year of implementation, WG1325, December 2008
7. Review Conference of the Rome Statute: 31 May-11 June 2010, International Criminal Court, June 2010
8. AI Index: AFR 62/005/2008 North Kivu: No end to the war against women and children, Amnesty International, 2008
9. Democratic Republic of Congo (2010-2011): Situation of Human Rights Defenders, The International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH), 27 January 2012
10. Témoignage de Justine Masika Bihamba (video), DailyMotion, 14 June 2011
11. The Netherlands supports Justine Masika’s work, Permanent Mission of the Kingdom of the Netherlands to the UN, United States, 16 May 2012
12. How Congolese Activists Stopped M23?, Falling Whistles, 12 November 2013
13. Peace Award Laurates, 1988-2014, Pax Christi

External links

• Synergie des Femmes pour les Victimes des Violences Sexuelles
• Video about Justine Masika Bihamba's struggle against sexual violence in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, Jacob Soetendorp Institute for Human Values, 16 January 2009