Kep Province

For the town, see Kep (town).
Kep
កែប
Province

A beach on Koh Thonsay
Nickname(s): Côte de la perle d'Agathe (before khmer rouge)

Map of Cambodia highlighting Kep
Coordinates: 10°29′N 104°18′E / 10.483°N 104.300°E / 10.483; 104.300Coordinates: 10°29′N 104°18′E / 10.483°N 104.300°E / 10.483; 104.300
Country  Cambodia
Provincial status 2008
Capital Kep
Area
 • Total 336 km2 (130 sq mi)
Area rank Ranked 25th
Population (2009)[1]
 • Total 40,280
 • Rank Ranked 25th
 • Density 120/km2 (310/sq mi)
 • Density rank Ranked 10th
Time zone UTC+07
Dialing code +855
ISO 3166 code KH-23
Districts 2

Kep (កែប) also romanized as Kaeb (Khmer: កែប, literally: "Saddle") formally known as Kep Province (ខេត្តកែប) is the smallest province (khaet) of Cambodia[2] covering 336 km2 (130 sq mi), with a population of 40,280.[1] It is one of the newest Cambodian provinces, together with Pailin and Sihanoukville, created by Royal Decree on 22 December 2008, which separated Kep municipality from the province of Kampot, as well as adjusting several provincial borders.[3][4] The provincial capital is Kep District and the province contains the Kep National Park.

Geography

Location

The territory of Kep is entirely surrounded by Kampot Province except for the 16 km of sea coast on the southern side fronting the Gulf of Thailand and the Vietnamese island of Phu Quoc. The western limit is 20 km from the town of Kampot. The eastern limit is some 20 km from the Vietnamese border.

Administrative division

It is subdivided into two districts (srŏk):

Kep Archipelago

The Kep Peninsula enters southwest to the Kep Bay in a triangle. A tiny archipelago of 13 islands (Koh) and islets are located at the east side of the peninsula:

  1. Koh Tonsay (កោះទន្សាយ, 'Rabbit Island')
  2. Koh Kok.
  3. Koh Matay.
  4. Koh Svay (កោះស្វាយ, 'Mango Island')
  5. Koh Kbal (កោះក្បាល, 'Head Island')
  6. Koh Hal Trey.(កោះហាលត្រី)
  7. Koh Svay Prey (កោះស្វាយព្រៃ)
  8. Koh Sarang(កោះសារ៉ាង)
  9. Koh Pou (កោះពោធិ, 'Enlightening Island')
  10. Koh Makprang. (កោះម៉ាកប្រាង)
  11. Koh Angrong (កោះអង្គ្រង, 'Thorny Tree Islet')
  12. Koh Seh (កោះអាចម៍សេះ, 'Horse Island')
  13. Koh Sngout. (កោះស្ងួត)[8]

Koh Tonsay

Koh Thonsay's beach
Main article: Koh Thonsáy

Koh Tonsay (Khmer: កោះទន្សាយ meaning 'Rabbit Island') is located about 4.5 Kilometers southwest of Kep. Tourists are drawn to the two white sand beaches, and the sea is shallow and proper for swimming. At the sea bottom are a variety of corals, sea animals and plants which attract researchers and ecologists.

The name Koh Tonsay is derived from the word Rumsay. While trying to avoid the commander’s troops, Prince Sakor Reach grew hopeless because his own troops began to tire. He led his remaining troops across the sea to an island in front of Kep city, where the troops spread out. Accordingly, the island was called Koh Rumsay, Koh Ormsay, Koh Ornsay, and Koh Tonsay, as it is known today. Another version is that, according to many locals who spent there youth in Kep before 1975, the island was previously called Koh Antai. There is no apparent meaning for this word.

Koh Tonsay is 2 square kilometers in area. During then-Prince Norodom Sihanouk’s Sangku Reastr Niyum regime, it was used as a place to rehabilitate criminals, who were also used to defend the island. Horse cart paths and wooden, thatch roofed motels were also constructed during this time. Most of this infrastructure has been destroyed by weather and decades of war. Today Koh Tonsay is a major tourist attraction for Kep. There are about 8 khmer run basic guest houses and about 5 restaurants, serving mainly fresh seafood like crabs, shrimps and fish. During the day it can get quite busy with day tourists, which leave around 4pm, so for the sunset there are only a few overnight people there. Electricity runs only from 6-9pm by generators. Water can run short during the dry months (Dec-Apr) and longtail boats with big water tanks are supllying the demand.

History

Under French rule Kep belonged to the Circonscription Résidentielle de Kampot,[9] developing into Cambodia's most prestigious beach town. Established as such in 1908 and named Kep-Sur-Mer it was a thriving resort town for the French and Cambodian elite until the early 1970s.[10]

Constructed between 1953 and 1970 - after French occupation, Kep's modernist villas are unique. Architects Vann Molyvann and Lu Ban Hap who embodied Cambodia's golden age of architectural modernism, blended elements of the modern movement (Bauhaus, Richard Neutra and Le Corbusier) with traditional Khmer architecture, promoted by King Sihanouk - known as New Khmer Architecture.[11]

An old building in Kep

A major misconception about Kep is that during the Khmer Rouge years, much of Kep's French colonial era mansions and villas were destroyed. In fact, local residents, being in need of money and food, stripped down the villas so that they could exchange all these valuable parts in Vietnam for rice and cash. Many of Kep's villas are abandoned, but some of the town's former splendor is still apparent.

The ocean is lined with wide sidewalks and large statues. Prince Norodom Sihanouk not only kept his own villa, but his own island as well. Ile des Ambassadeurs was a favorite spot for Sihanouk to entertain a regular stream of guests.[12][13]

A paved road connects the town with Kampot.[14] Kep's coastline consists mostly of mangrove marshes and black rock rather than the white sands of Sihanoukville, although a beach nourishment with the white sand of Sihanoukville has made the beach wider and cleaner.

There are now more than 60 guesthouses, resorts and hotels in Kep. It is currently one of the fastest developing touristic areas in Cambodia with a focus on mid-range to high-end businesses.

Education

Five schools for secondary education are located in the Province attended by 588 students, of which 246 were females in 2008. In the same year there were 9 kindergartens and 21 primary schools with a total population of 9,644 students.[15]

As a former French settlement, Kep was the seat of French schools like the Sisters of the Providence's School that was closed in 1975 when the Khmer Rouge took power. The building was demolished in early 2012 and the land dedicated to official offices.

The French legacy in education is represented today by the Ecole pour Tous dedicated mainly to children in the area.[16] The province has no university, depending on that in nearby Kampot Province.

The Don Bosco Technical School Kep offers technical training to local young people,[17] and the Kep Gardens Association[18] both institutes for underprivileged children and teenagers.

The Kep International School (KIS)[19] is the first English language school in Kep following a Cambridge curriculum in the mornings and in the afternoons dedicated to Khmer classes such as reading, writing and history, among other topics.

Places of interest

The Rabbit Island (Koh Tunsay) is probably the main tourist attraction in Kep, however the tiniest Cambodian province has many other places of interest promoted from an environment perspective as ecotourism not only by the local government, but also by private initiatives like the Kep Tourist Association that gathers local hotels and restaurants of the Province.

Kep National Park is one of the main attractions in Kep. The park is the smallest NP in Cambodia, but with the help of Christian from the Led Zep cafe, one of the best maintained. There is a 8km track around the park but many smaller paths, all very well maintained, with plenty of signs (so you don't get lost).[20]

Kep Beach is located at Kep District, in the tip of the peninsula. The 500m long beach has recently been filled with white sand from Otres Beach in Sihanoukville. Unfortunately the Kep government doesn't allow anything on the beach, not even an umbrella or a chair, so you need to bring a big towel if you want to enjoy the beach.

The Butterfly Farm is a private ecological garden in the Jasmine Valley Trail dedicated to preserve the local environment led by expatriate philanthropic persons.[21]

The Don Bosco Birth House Monument was inaugurated in May 2012 as a homage to Don Bosco and it is a reproduction of the house where John Bosco was born in 1816 in Castelnuovo Don Bosco, Italy. It is inside the Don Bosco Vocational Center campus.

The Teuk Chhou Zoo is a private zoo, located 2.5 km away from the provincial town in Thmei Village in Prey Thom Commune and is home to a variety of animal and plant species.

Phnom Sar Sear consists of three small mountains spread across a total land area of approximately 1.5 square kilometers. The mountain rises to a height of around 40 meters holding a number of caves. The cave of Phnom Ach Pro Chiev and particularly the cave of Phnom Dam Rey Sar are the best known.[22]

Economy

The economy of Kep Province is rather confined to agriculture, fishery, tourism and salt production. 92% of the province's population was dedicated to agriculture in 2008 (75% rice farming).[23] In that same year there were 10 registered guest houses. In 2013 there were 16 main hotels enlisted by the Department of Tourism and 65 by the local Tourist Association according to www.visitkep.com.[24] Kep Expo is an official initiative to promote Kep Province as a tourist and development spot, its artists, production and environment protection.[25]

Health

In 2008 there were 452 families with a birth during that year. 150 women delivered by a traditional birth attendant and 2 babies died one month after their birth. 6 children under 5 years old died in 2008 and 7 children 9–12 months old did not receive full immunization.[26]

Families depend their water mainly from raining and well sources: in 2008 the 38% of families were using water from ring wells and open dug wells and 33% from pump mixed wells. During the dry season of that year, 78% of families were drinking water from unsafe sources.[27]

According to NCDD 2009 study, 42 families were living with a member contaminated with HIV AIDS, there were 105 registered orphans, 104 families victims of a natural disaster and 11 persons who were victims of land mines and enexploded weapons.[28]

There were 5 clinics registered in Kep Province by 2008 and none hospitals.[29]

Malaria, Dengue and others[30] are current tropical diseases in Cambodia. South coastal provinces are considered of high risk malaria areas,[31] especially islands and jungle territories, where it is advisable to keep precautionary measures against mosquito bites, especially during the raining season.[32]

Transport

Highway No 33 traverses the province from west to east, running from Kampot town to Kampong Trach District then onward to the Vietnamese border. A lane of the No 33 named No 33A detours at the Kep White Horse Monument in Damnak Chang'aeur District, running along the coast before rejoining No 33, some 3 km (2 mi) to the east.

Kep has no administered public bus or taxi transport. The gap is filled by motorcycle taxis (known locally as moto-dop) and tuk-tuks. Commercial bus companies such as Phnom Penh Sorya Transport serve the route between Phnom Penh – Kep and Kampot via National Highway No 3 and No 33. Public transport from Kep to Sihanoukville is served by shuttle bus service.

The province is crossed by the southern Cambodian Rail line linking Phnom Penh and the Port of Sihanoukville with a station in Kep. However, as of 2013 the line is not in operation.[33]

The small port of Kep is served only by small tourist boats sailing for the Kep Archipelago, especially Rabbit Island. There is no scheduled sea link to other domestic coastal ports or neighboring Vietnam and Thailand.

Distances between Kep and other main Cambodian provinces[34]

References

  1. 1 2 "General Population Census of Cambodia 2008 – Provisional population totals" (PDF). National Institute of Statistics, Ministry of Planning. 3 September 2008.
  2. ↑ "Kep National Park". donboscokep.org.
  3. ↑ "Decree creates three new provinces". khmerization.blogspot.com. December 2008.
  4. ↑ "Decree creates three new provinces by Vong Sokheng". The Phnom Penh Post. December 31, 2008. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
  5. ↑ National Institute of Statistics, Kep Province, Damnak Chang'aeur District
  6. ↑ "Deaths of Khmer Rouge victims cry out for justice". The Australian. 3 February 2007. Retrieved 2009-01-16.
  7. ↑ General Population Census of Cambodia 1998, Ministry of Planning, Phnom Penh
  8. ↑ "List of Islands". Cambodia islands – Island Species Cambodia. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
  9. ↑ "Kampot of the Belle Époque: From the Outlet of Cambodia to a Colonial Resort" (PDF). Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
  10. ↑ "Kep villas: ghosts of arts past". The Phnom Penh Post. December 28, 2012. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
  11. ↑ "ALEXANDER DOERR ON THE SUDDEN DEATH OF CAMBODIA'S HOMEGROWN MODERNISM". University of Calgary. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
  12. ↑ "Royal resort rises from the ashes". Phnom Penh Post. December 17, 1993. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
  13. ↑ "Kep's ruins recall Cambodia's golden age". Phnom Penh Post. September 28, 2001. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
  14. ↑ "Background of Kep City". KepCity com. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
  15. ↑ National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development (NCDD) (2009). Kep Data Book 2009. GIS code: 23, October 2009, Section 12, page 76
  16. ↑ Ecole pour Tous. Link retrieved on 01/15/2013.
  17. ↑ Don Bosco Technical School Kep, link retrieved on 04/20/2014.
  18. ↑ Kep Garden Association, link retrieved on 01.15.2013.
  19. ↑ Kep International School [https://[https://www.facebook.com/kepinternationalschool Kep International School] Official Site] . Link retrieved on 16 September 2013
  20. ↑ Kep Tourist Association. Kep National Park.
  21. ↑ Kep Butterly Farm. Link retrieved on 01/15/2013.
  22. ↑ "Kep City". Cambodia Advisor. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
  23. ↑ National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development (NCDD) (2009). Kep Data Book 2009. GIS code: 23, October 2009, Section 12, page 97
  24. ↑ Kep City Cambodia. Accommodations. Link retrieved on 01.15.2013.
  25. ↑ KepExpo. Link retrieved on 01.15.2013
  26. ↑ National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development (NCDD) (2009). Kep Data Book 2009. GIS code: 23, October 2009, Section 12, page 56
  27. ↑ National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development (NCDD) (2009). Kep Data Book 2009. GIS code: 23, October 2009, Section 12, page 59
  28. ↑ National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development (NCDD) (2009). Kep Data Book 2009. GIS code: 23, October 2009, Section 12, page 45
  29. ↑ National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development (NCDD) (2009). Kep Data Book 2009. GIS code: 23, October 2009, Section 12, page 37
  30. ↑ Index Mundi (2009). Cambodia Major infectious diseases. Link retrieved on 01/15/2013.
  31. ↑ CamboGuide. Malaria & Dengue Fever. Link retrieved on 01/15/2013.
  32. ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Health Information for Travelers to Cambodia. Link retrieved on 01/15/2013.
  33. ↑ "News Update". Toll Royal Railways (Cambodia). February 16, 2015. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
  34. ↑ The National Malaria Center (CNM). Link retrieved on 01/15/2013
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