King Ling of Zhou

King Ling of Zhou 周靈王
King of China
Reign	571–545 BC
Predecessor	King Jian of Zhou
Successor	King Jing of Zhou (Gui)
Died	545 BC
Issue	Ji Jin King Jing of Zhou (Gui)
Full name Ancestral name: Jī (姬) Given name: Xìexīn (泄心)
House	Zhou Dynasty
Father	King Jian of Zhou

King Ling of Zhou (Chinese: 周靈王; pinyin: Zhōu Líng Wáng) was the twenty-third king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty^[1] and the eleventh of Eastern Zhou.^[2] He died in 545 BC.^[3]

In the twenty-first year of his reign, Confucius was born.^[4]

His successor was his son King Jing of Zhou (Gui).

His other son was the Crown prince Ji Jin (姬晉).^[5] Empress Wu Zetian claimed that her lover Zhang Changzong was a reincarnation of Ji Jin.

Ancestor of the Taiyuan Wang

During the Tang dynasty the Li family of Zhaojun 赵郡李氏, the Cui family of Boling 博陵崔氏, the Cui family of Qinghe 清河崔氏, the Lu family of Fanyang 范陽盧氏, the Zheng family of Xingyang 荥阳郑氏, the Wang family of Taiyuan 太原王氏, and the Li family of Longxi 隴西李氏 were the seven noble families between whom marriage was banned by law.^[6] Moriya Mitsuo wrote a history of the Later Han-Tang period of the Taiyuan Wang. Among the strongest families was the Taiyuan Wang.^[7] The prohibition on marriage between the clans issued in 659 by the Gaozong Emperor was flouted by the seven families since a woman of the Boling Cui married a member of the Taiyuan Wang, giving birth to the poet Wang Wei.^[8] He was the son of Wang Chulian who in turn was the son of Wang Zhou.^[9] The marriages between the families were performed clandestinely after the prohibition was implemented on the seven families by Gaozong.^[10] The Zhou dynasty King Ling's son Prince Jin is assumed by most to be the ancestor of the Taiyuan Wang.^[11] The Longmen Wang were a cadet line of the Zhou dynasty descended Taiyuan Wang, and Wang Yan and his grandson Wang Tong hailed from his cadet line.^[12] Both Buddhist monks and scholars hailed from the Wang family of Taiyuan such as the monk Tanqian.^[13] The Wang family of Taiyuan included Wang Huan.^[14] Their status as "Seven Great surnames" became known during Gaozong's rule.^[15] The Taiyuan Wang family produced Wang Jun who served under Emperor Huai of Jin.^[16] A Fuzhou based section of the Taiyuan Wang produced the Buddhist monk Baizhang.^[17]

Notes

1. 大成 (Great perfection: religion and ethnicity in a Chinese millennial kingdom = Da-Cheng) by Terry F. Kleeman. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
2. Sima Qian: Records of the Grand Historian
3. Michael Loewe and Edward L. Shaughnessy: The Cambridge history of ancient China: from the origins of civilization to 221 B.C.
4. Shiqiu Liang and Dazun Chen: From a cottager's sketchbook/[Ya she xiao pin xuan ji/Liang Shiqiu zhu; Chen Dazun Ying yi]. See this page.
5. Chunjiang Fu: Origins of Chinese names. See this page.
6. http://history.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/slides/Dissertation.pdf p. 67.
7. A Zürcher (Milchfecker): Eine nicht alltägliche Stimme aus der Emmentaler-Käsereipraxis. Brill Archive. 1830. pp. 351–. GGKEY:WD42J45TCZZ.
8. Wei Wang; Tony Barnstone; Willis Barnstone; Haixin Xu (1991). Laughing Lost in the Mountains: Poems of Wang Wei. UPNE. pp. xxvii–xxviii. ISBN 978-0-87451-564-0.
9. Jingqing Yang (2007). The Chan Interpretations of Wang Wei's Poetry: A Critical Review. Chinese University Press. pp. 16–. ISBN 978-962-996-232-6.
10. A Study of Yuan Zhen's Life and Verse 809--810: Two Years that Shaped His Politics and Prosody. ProQuest. 2008. pp. 65–. ISBN 978-0-549-80334-8.
11. Ding Xiang Warner (2003). A Wild Deer Amid Soaring Phoenixes: The Opposition Poetics of Wang Ji. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 156–. ISBN 978-0-8248-2669-7.
12. Ding Xiang Warner (15 May 2014). Transmitting Authority: Wang Tong (ca. 584–617) and the Zhongshuo in Medieval China’s Manuscript Culture. BRILL. pp. 98–. ISBN 978-90-04-27633-8.
13. Jinhua Chen (2002). Monks and monarchs, kinship and kingship: Tanqian in Sui Buddhism and politics. Scuola italiana di studi sull'Asia orientale. pp. 34, 36. ISBN 978-4-900793-21-7.
14. Oliver J. Moore (1 January 2004). Rituals Of Recruitment In Tang China: Reading An Annual Programme In The Collected Statements By Wang Dingbao (870-940). BRILL. pp. 35–. ISBN 90-04-13937-0.
15. William H. Nienhauser (2010). Tang Dynasty Tales: A Guided Reader. World Scientific. pp. 78–. ISBN 978-981-4287-28-9.
16. David R. Knechtges; Taiping Chang (10 September 2010). Ancient and Early Medieval Chinese Literature (vol.I): A Reference Guide, Part One. BRILL. pp. 544–. ISBN 90-04-19127-5.
17. Steven Heine; Dale Wright (22 April 2010). Zen Masters. Oxford University Press. pp. 4–. ISBN 978-0-19-971008-9.