LGBT rights in Jordan
LGBT rights in Jordan  | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Same-sex sexual activity legal? | Legal since 1951 |
| Gender identity/expression | – |
| Discrimination protections | None |
| Family rights | |
| Recognition of relationships | No recognition of same-sex couples |
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights in Jordan are considered to be relatively advanced, compared to most other countries in the Middle East. Same-sex sexual activity was legalized in 1951, becoming one of few Muslim countries to do so. However, LGBT people displaying public affection can be prosecuted for "disrupting public morality". A general interest gay magazine is published in Jordan. Most LGBT persons face social discrimination not experienced by non-LGBT residents.[1]
Criminal laws
In 1951, a revision of the Jordanian Criminal Code legalized private, adult, non-commercial, and consensual sodomy, with the age of consent set at 16.[2]
The Jordanian penal code no longer permits family members to beat or kill a member of their own family whose "illicit" sexuality is interpreted as bringing "dishonor" to the entire family.[3] As of 2013, the newly revised Penal Code makes honor killings, as a legal justification for murder, illegal.[4]
LGBT recognition and rights
The first time that the Jordanian government made any public statement regarding LGBT rights was at the Fourth World Conference on Women held in 1995. The international conference sought to address women's rights issues on a global scale, and a proposal was made to have the conference formally address the human rights of gay and bisexual women. The Jordanian delegates to the conference helped to defeat the proposal.[5] More recently, the kingdom's United Nations delegates have also opposed efforts to have the United Nations itself support LGBT rights, although this later proposal was eventually adopted by the United Nations.
To date no law exists or has been proposed in the Jordanian parliament to address sexual identity-based discrimination or bias motivated crimes. Same-sex marriages, or more limited civil unions, are not legally recognized in Jordan and there is no public effort in Jordan to modify these laws.
However, outside the realm of LGBT rights and party politics there is a growing level of tolerance and visibility in certain artistic or chic-cosmopolitan parts of Jordan, especially in Amman.
The Jordanian government also tolerates a few cafes in Amman that are widely considered to be gay friendly.[6]
Books@Cafe opened up in 1997 and remains a popular bookstore and cafe for patrons supportive of "creativity, diversity and tolerance". In the twenty-first century, a Jordanian male model, Khalid, publicly came out and has been supportive of a general interest, gay-themed magazine published in Jordan. "Growing up, it was hard for me to find topics, subjects and publications that I could relate to! In my country, most magazines rejected me and my ideas due to my young age at the time, and I felt like an outcast in my own society!" Khalid told soginews.com.[7]
Recent reports suggest that although a large number LGBT citizens are in the closet and often have to lead double lives, a new wave of younger LGBT are beginning to come out of the closet and are becoming more visible in the country, working to establish a vibrant LGBT community of filmmakers, journalists, writers, artists and other young professionals.[8] Only a few young Jordanians of the upper class are able to remain single. Most of these more "open" Jordanians are well educated and from prosperous middle class or wealthy families.
Initial research into the LGBT community in Jordan suggests that many of the same sort of social biases and conventions that exist within the gay community in the United States or Europe, also exist in Jordan.
Following the wave of celebrations after The Supreme Court of the United States made same-sex marriage legal nationwide in the United States of America, and over a month after the controversial aforementioned IDAHOT meeting held in Amman, the Jordanian ministry of Interior published a statement from the minister's office stating " The first clause: The Jordanian state is keen on respecting the Islamic dogma and the true islamic religion's doctrine which was clearly affirmed in the first article of the Jordanian Constitution that states: "Islam is the religion of the Jordanian State" and the provisions of the Jordanian civil law are in line with the provisions of the Islamic Sharia law, jurisprudence and customs as they are the source of legislation; therefore, recognizing LGBT groups is considered as a breach of the Islamic Sharia and subsequently the Jordanian Constitution. Any proposals by the sexually perverted to breach the provisions of Sharia Law and the general order, and for that the aforementioned proposals are considered a crime punishable by law. Second clause: Concerning the IDAHOT meeting; the government did not give its consent for it to be held, knowing that the Law of General Meetings number 7 of year 2004 and its amendments is responsible in organizing any public meeting and so the administrative governor should be informed about the meeting should it be held, which did not happen. Third clause: The Government does not possess any assuring intelligence for the existence of and official sponsorship by a foreign mission including the Embassy of the United States to the aforementioned meeting. Final clause: The government won't tolerate in enforcing the law's provisions to maintain security order and decorum while preserving its Muslim Arab principles and traditions; Therefore, we shall pursue whoever is proven to have breached these principles and submit them to the judiciary to execute the necessary legal action against them.
Media and press
The Press and Publication Law was amended in 1998 and 2004. The initial document prohibited the depiction or endorsement of "sexual perversion", which may have included homosexuality.[9] The revised edition in 2004 has a few provisions of direct impact on LGBT rights. First, the content ban on "sexual perversion" has been replaced with a general requirement that the press "respect the values of ... the Arab and Islamic nation" and that the press must also avoid encroaching into people's private lives.[10]
Gay-themed Jordanian publications are legal. In 2007, the first gay-themed Jordanian publication arose. A year later, My.Kali[11] started publication online, named after openly-gay model Khalid, making major headlines, as it is the first LGBT publication to ever exist in the MENA region.[12][13]
In an article for Al Jazeera English titled 'Pushing for Sexual Equality in Jordan' stated: "Earlier this year, they published the magazine’s 50th issue, and celebrated the magazine’s seven-year anniversary. Kali is on the cover, hugging a sculpture head, his naked torso covered in white dust. The headline reads: “Tell Me Little White Secrets!”" the article was soon removed by the official site, and pasted on blogs and pages instead, due to the huge stir the article caused at the time. The magazine regularly features non-LGBT artists on their covers to promote acceptance among other communities and was the first publication to give many underground and regional artists their first covers like Yasmine Hamdan, both lead singer and violinist of band Mashrou' Leila, Hamed Sinno and Haig Papazian, Alaa Wardi,[15] Zahed Sultan[16] and many more. “Jordan is a very traditional country, and we're considered controversial in Jordan for simply breaking the stereotype and stepping out of norm,” Khalid told Egypt Independent.[17]
Events were held in the Jordanian capital Amman on the International Day Against Homophobia, Transphobia and Biphobia in 2014 and 2015, mainly for educational purposes and for the purpose of raising voice for the community and discussing challenges. Many activists and members of the LGBT community and LGBT allies in Jordan attended the events. in the second event held in 2015 American ambassador in Jordan Alice Wells was one of the speakers.
Public opinion
According to the 2013 survey by the Pew Research Center, 97% of people answers no, 3% answered yes, on question: "Should Society Accept Homosexuality?".[14]
Summary table
| Same-sex sexual activity legal |  (Since 1951) |
| Equal age of consent | |
| Anti-discrimination laws in employment |  |
| Anti-discrimination laws in the provision of goods and services | |
| Anti-discrimination laws in all other areas (incl. indirect discrimination, hate speech) | |
| Same-sex marriages | |
| Recognition of same-sex couples | |
| Step-child adoption by same-sex couples | |
| Joint adoption by same-sex couples | |
| Gays and lesbians allowed to serve openly in the military | |
| Right to change legal gender |  |
| Access to IVF for lesbians | |
| Commercial surrogacy for gay male couples | |
| MSM allowed to donate blood | |
See also
References
- ↑ "Where is it illegal to be gay?". BBC News. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
- ↑ Schmitt, Arno & Sofer, Jehoeda, 1992, Sexuality and Eroticism Among Males in Moslem Societies, Binghamton: Harrington Park Press, 1992, ISBN 0-918393-91-4, pages 137-138.
- ↑ "Middle East 'Honour killings' law blocked". BBC News. 8 September 2003. Retrieved 20 January 2011.
- ↑ "Jordan courts sentence 2 for 'honor killings' - World news - Mideast/N. Africa | NBC News". MSNBC. 2007-06-26. Retrieved 2016-07-14.
- ↑ "www.asylumlaw.org" (PDF). www.asylumlaw.org. Retrieved 2016-07-14.
- ↑ "Jordan LGBT rights". Retrieved 2015-08-27.
- ↑ by miles (2015-01-27). "Innovative LGBTIQ Activist Gives Back to the Community". Sogi News. Retrieved 2016-07-14.
- ↑ "Movie Reviews | Three Stories From Amman at The Black Iris of Jordan". Black-iris.com. Retrieved 20 January 2011.
- ↑ http://www.article19.org/pdfs/press/jordan-draft-press-law.pdf
- ↑ Archived June 14, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ My.Kali official website
- ↑ "Jordan: a gay magazine gives an hope to Middle East", Ilgrandecolibri.com, retrieved 11 August 2012
- ↑ "Gay Egypy". Gay Middle East. Retrieved 20 January 2011.
- 1 2 "The Global Divide on Homosexuality | Pew Research Center". Pewglobal.org. 2013-06-04. Retrieved 2016-07-14.
- ↑ My.Kali Alaa Wardi cover
- ↑ My.Kali Zahed Sultan cover
- ↑ Egypt Independent: Middle Eastern LGBT magazine looking risky expansion into Arabic