List of Egyptian castles, forts, fortifications and city walls
Many buildings in Egypt can be put under the classification of Castles, Citadels, Forts, Fortifications.
List by age
Pharaonic
Northern Egypt & Delta
- Fortification of Memphis[1]
- Fort of Walls of the Prince (inebw heka), Eastern Delta.[1]
- Fortress of Wadi Natrun, western Delta.[1]
- Rhakotis fort, Alexandria[2]
- Thebes fortifications.[3]
- Tahpanhes fort or Castle of the Jew's Daughter
- Heliopolis Fortifications.[3]
Upper Egypt
- Kom el-Ahmar (Hierakonpolis) fortifications[1]
- Fortress of Abydos[1]
- Shunet ez Zebib forts near Abydos
- Medinet Habu New Kingdom fortification[1]
- El-Kab fortifications[1]
Sinai
- The Way of Horus coastal forts, Sinai[1]
- Tharu castle, Sinai[1]
- Qantara East fort, Sinai[4]
- Kolsum castle, Suez[5]
- Boto Fort of Seti I, (Qatia area), Sinai.[6]
- Tell-Huba Fortress, Sinai[7]
- Pelusium Fort,[8]
- Tharu city fortifications.[9][10]
Western Desert
- Siwa Oasis fortification, Western desert of Egypt[11]
Excavated room inside the fort of Qasr Allam, Libyan desert, Egypt
- QasrAllam fort
Nubia
Semna & Kumma forts view from west
- The ancient castle at Buhen[1][12][13]
- Fort of Kubban, Nubia[1]
- Semna fortification[1][14]
- Kumma fort[1][14]
- Aniba Fort[1]
- Uronarti fort[1][14]
- Mirgissa fort[1][14]
- Shalfak fort[1][14]
- Askut fort[1][14]
- Senusret I-III seventeen south fortresses.[1][14]
- Dabenarti fort[1][14]
- Faras Fort[1]
- Serra Fort.[1]
- Shalfak Fort
Shalfak fort plan
Persian
- Persian fort of Rhakortis, North coast
Greco-Roman
Cairo
Delta
- Naucratis Greek fort
Kharga Oasis
- Ain Umm Dabadib fort, Kharga Oasis.[17][18]
- El Deir fort, Kharga Oasis.[17][18]
- Qasr el Labeka fort, Kharga Oasis.[17][18]
- Qasr Sumaria fort, Kharga Oasis.[17][18]
- Qasr el Geb fort, Kharga Oasis.[17][18]
- Al-Haiz fort, Bahariya Oasis.[19]
- Nadura fort, Kharga Oasis [18]
- Qasr el-Ghueita fort, Kharga Oasis [18]
- Qasr el-Zayyan fort, Kharga Oasis [18]
Red Sea
- Castellum of Badia, Gebel Abu Dukhan, near Hurghada, Red Sea [20][21][22][23]
- Abu Sha'ar Fort, Red Sea.[20]
Fayoum
- Temple of Stones fort, Fayoum.[20][24]
- Der el Memun, fort where Anthony the Great lived, across from Faiyum.
Lower Egypt
Sinai
- Saint Catherine's Monastery fortification, Mount Sinai in the Sinai Peninsula (by Justinian I 548–565)[26]
North coast
- Alexandria fortifications [27]
- Tapsiris Magna Fortress, Alexandria
Arabic
Cairo
- Cairo Citadel, Mukkattam, Cairo
- Ayyubid Cairo City Fortification[28]
- Gates of Cairo
- Al Fustat city walls[29]
Alexandria
Western tower of the Greek & Islamic town wall, Alexandria, Egypt
Western tower, remains of the Hellenistic & Islamic city wall, Alexandria, Egypt
Western tower of the Greek town wall, Alexandria, Egypt
- Citadel of Qaitbay, Alexandria
- Fortification of Bab Rosetta, Alexandria [30]
- Qaitbey Citadel, Rosetta (known as Fort Julien)
Red Sea & Western desert
Sinai
- Salah El-Din castle, Pharaoh's Island, Sinai [32]
- Nweiba' Castle [32]
- Qalaat Al-Gindi, Ras Sedr, Sinai [32][33][34][35]
- Al-Arish citadel [32][36]
- Nakhl citadel [32][36][37]
- Farma citadel [32][36]
- El Tina castle, North Sinai[38]
Eastern desert
- Siwa oasis fort[39][40][41][42]
- Shali fortified village, Siwa Oasis.[43]
Modern Egypt
Alexandria & North coast
- Fort Julien, Rosetta Fort.
- Agami Fort, Alexandria (by French occupation) [44]
- Abu Qir Castle (was used by Mohammed Ali as a prison)
Western Desert
- Mersa Matruh Fortifications (1941 AD)[45][46]
- Sidi Barrani Fortifications (1941 AD) [47][48][49][50]
- Alam el Halfa Fortifications (1941 AD)[51][52][53]
- Sollum fortified base camp (1941 AD) [54]
- Halfaya Pass Fortification (1941 AD)[55][56][57]
- Bir-Hakeim fort (1942 AD) [58]
Sinai
- Al-Arish castle
- Sharm El-Sheikh fortification by Egypt (1954 AD) [59][60]
- Castle Zaman, Sinai [61]
Suez canal
- Adgerud castle, Suez.[5]
- Kolsum castle, Suez.[5]
- Bar Lev Line
Red Sea & Eastern Desert
- Green Island (Egypt) Fortification, Red Sea (1969 AD)
- Shadwan island fortifications, Red Sea (1960s AD)
List by areas & time
Western Desert
- Zawiyet Umm el-Rakham, a Ramesside fort near the Libyan coast where Egyptian blue was found
Alexandria
- Qaitbey Castle.
- Fort Pharos
- Fort Silsileh
- Fort Adda
- Fort Ras-el-Tin
- Fort Marabout
- Fort Adjemi
- Marza-el-Kana
- Citadel of Mex
- Fort Kamaria
- Fort Omuk Kebebe
- Fort Saleh Aga
Rosetta
Port Said
Damietta
Damietta fortification & Tower 1600s
- Ezzbet El-Borg Defensive tower.
- Urabi Fort.
- Old Damietta city wall & Fortifications.
Sinai castles, forts, fortifications and citadels
- 13th century BC The Way of Horus coastel & Sinai forts.[1]
- 13th century BC Tharu castle.[1]
- 13th century BC Boto Fort (by Seti I), (Qatia area), Sinai.[6]
- 13th century BC Tel Habwa Fort (by Seti I), (Qantara area), Sinai [4][6]
- 13th century BC Tel Kadwa Fort, Sinai [62]
- 13th century BC Tel Al Hebr Fort, Sinai [62]
- 13th century BC Kharouba Fort, Sinai [62]
- 13th century BC Baer Al-Abd Fort, Sinai [62]
- Unknown time Pharonic El Tina castle, Beer Al Abd, North Sinai[4][6][38]
- Circa 100 BC Ptolemaic Fort of Tal Abou Sayfi, South of Qantara Sharq city.[6]
- 200 AD Roman Fort of Tal Abou Sayfi, South of Qantara Sharq city (by Emperor Maximinus Thrax).[6]
- Unknown time Roman Lahfen castle near Al-Arish.[6]
- Saint Catherine's Monastery fortification, Mount Sinai, Sinai Peninsula.
- 640 AD Farma (Pelusium) citadel.[6][32][36]
- 7th century AD Justinian's Strasini Fort, Tel Felosiyia, near Pelusium.[6]
- 7th century AD Garha Roman fort, on Bardawil lake, North Sinai.[6]
- Unknown time Byzantine fort, qaseema, Hosna, Middle Sinai.[6]
- Unknown time Al-Mohammadyia Arabic Fort, Beer Al Abd, North Sinai.[6]
- 1115 AD Al-Soubak Fort (by Baldwin), Wadi Araba.[6]
- 1116 Ad Aiyla fort (by Baldwin), Aiyla city, Aqaba bay.[6]
- 1116 AD Pharaoh Island Fort (by Baldwin), Aqaba bay.[6]
- 1117 AD Wadi Musa fort (by Baldwin).[6]
- 1181 AD Aiyla Island Castle (by Ayyobids).[6]
- 1182 AD Salah El-Din castle Sedr, Sinai.[6]
- 1184 AD Qalaat Al-Gindi (by Saladin), Ras Sedr, Sinai.[6][32][33][34][35]
- 1184 AD Salah El-Din castle, Taba (Pharaoh Island), Sinai.[6][32]
- 1516 AD Al-Arish citadel (by Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri).[6][32][36]
- 1516 AD Al-Baghla fort (by Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri).[6]
- 1516 AD Naqab Al-Aqaba Fort(by Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri).[6]
- 1516 AD An-Nakhl Fortress (by Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri).[6][32][36][37]
- 1799 AD Qatiyah Fort, West of sinai (by General Lograng of Napoleon Army).[6]
- 1799 Siege of El Arish Castle
- 1893 Nuweiba Castle.[6][32]
- 1910s Turkish Fortifications at Hosna, middle Sinai.[6]
- 1910s Turkish Fortifications at Al-Arish Castle, North Sinai.[6]
- 1910s Turkish Fortifications at Nekhel, Sinai.[6]
- 1910s Turkish Fortifications at Salah El Din Castle, South Sinai.[6]
- 1960s & 1970s Egyptian Defensive fortifications built by Egyptian Armed forces during the Attrition war on the Western bank of Suez canal & Bar Lev Line of fortifications on Eastern side of Suez Canal (by Israel occupation forces).[6]
- 1990s Touristic Castle Zaman, Sinai [61]
- Unknown time Ain al Qudairat Fort, Hosna, North Sinai.[6]
See also
- Qasr (disambiguation)
- List of buildings
- List of fortifications
- List of castles
- List of forts
- List of walls
- List of cities with defensive walls
- List of established military terms (Engineering)
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References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Ancient Egypt military architecture
- ↑ Alexander the Great
- 1 2 Tandamane works
- 1 2 3 Qantara East history
- 1 2 3 Niebuhr travels
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Said Aly Sinai, the Meaning and Importance (Arabic) ISBN 977-437-760-5
- ↑ Large old Sinai fortress
- ↑ Ramsis II Pelusium Fort
- ↑ Tharu fortifications
- ↑ Tharu castle thesis
- ↑ Siwa Oasis
- ↑ Buhen castle
- ↑ Ancient Egypt architecture
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Egyptian Fortresses in Nubia
- ↑ Fort Babylon
- ↑ Babylon fort history & photos
- 1 2 3 4 5 Roman forts in Kharga Oasis
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Kharga Oasis
- ↑ Bahariya Oasis Roman fort
- 1 2 3 Porphyrite
- ↑ Castellum of Badia
- ↑ Red Sea Roman fort
- ↑ Red Sea Roman fort wall
- ↑ Fayoum Roman fort
- ↑ Qena
- ↑ Egypt history
- ↑ Alexandria histories
- ↑ Ayyubid Cairo City Fortification
- ↑ Al Fustat city walls
- ↑ Alexandria history
- ↑ Quseir Fort
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Sinai castles
- 1 2 Al-Gindi fort
- 1 2 Photo of Qalaat Al-Gindi
- 1 2 Photos
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 North Sinai forts
- 1 2 Description of Nakhl Fortress
- 1 2 El Tina castle
- ↑ Siwa fot photo
- ↑ Siwa Villa & Fort photo
- ↑ Rain damage of Siwa fort
- ↑ Siwa old photos
- ↑ Siwa Oasis
- ↑ Alex history
- ↑ Marsa Matrouh
- ↑ Matruh Fortified position
- ↑ Italian invasion of Egypt
- ↑ Africa Korps
- ↑ Sidi Barani fortified camps
- ↑ 1.JmA - Compass
- ↑ North Africa battle
- ↑ Fortified Alam el Halfa
- ↑ Fortified Alam el Halfa
- ↑ Sollum Fortified camp
- ↑ Operation Crusader
- ↑ Battle of the Omars
- ↑ North Africa campagain
- ↑ le général Rommel
- ↑ sharm-al-shaykh
- ↑ Fry, Michael, and Hochstein, Miles. "The Forgotten Middle East Crisis of 1957: Gaza and Sharm el Sheikh." International History Review 15 (1993): 46 - 83 "The Forgotten Middle East Crisis of 1957: Gaza and Sharm el Sheikh."
- 1 2 Castle Zaman
- 1 2 3 4 http://www.elaph.com/ElaphWeb/Entertainment/2008/6/337325.htm
External links
- Fortifications, Police Beats, and Military Checkpoints in Ancient Egypt
- Military Architecture of Ancient Egypt
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