List of premiers of New Brunswick

The Canadian province of New Brunswick was a British crown colony before it joined Canada in 1867.^[1] It had a system of responsible government beginning in 1854, and has kept its own legislature to deal with provincial matters.^[2] New Brunswick has a unicameral Westminster-style parliamentary government, in which the Premier is the leader of the party that controls the most seats in the Legislative Assembly. The Premier is New Brunswick's head of government, and the Queen of Canada is its head of state and is represented by the Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick. The Premier picks a cabinet from the elected members to form the Executive Council of New Brunswick, and presides over that body.^[3]

Members are first elected to the legislature during general elections. General elections must be conducted every five years from the date of the last election, but the Premier may ask for early dissolution of the Legislative Assembly. An election may also take place if the governing party loses the confidence of the legislature by the defeat of a supply bill or tabling of a confidence motion.^[3]

New Brunswick has had 36 individuals serve as government leaders. The province had five individuals as leaders while a colony, and 31 individuals after Canadian Confederation, of which two were from the Confederation Party, 11 from the Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick, 15 from the New Brunswick Liberal Association, one from the Anti-Confederation Party, and seven with unofficial party affiliations.

Premiers of New Brunswick

  Confederation Party   Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick   New Brunswick Liberal Association   Anti-Confederation Party   Unofficial affiliation

Premier (party)			Period	Parli- aments	Elections
Premiers of the Colony of New Brunswick (1854–1867)
	1st	Charles Fisher[4] (1st time of 2)	November 1, 1854 May 1856	16th	Elected June 1854
	2nd	John Hamilton Gray[5]	June 21, 1856 June 1857	17th	Elected June 24, 1856
	—	Charles Fisher[4] (2nd time of 2)	June 1, 1857 March 19, 1861	18th	Elected May 8, 1857 Resigned March 19, 1861
	3rd	Samuel Leonard Tilley	March 19, 1861 March 1865		Designated March 19, 1861
	19th			Elected June 6, 1861
	4th	Albert J. Smith[6] (Anti-Confederation, unofficially)	September 21, 1865 April 14, 1866	20th	Elected June 24, 1865 Resigned April 14, 1866
	5th	Peter Mitchell[7] (Confederation Party, unofficially)	April 14, 1866 August 1867		Designated April 14, 1866
	21st ...			Elected May 1866 Resigned August 1867
Premiers of the province of New Brunswick since Confederation (1867–present)
	1st	Andrew R. Wetmore[8] (Confederation Party, unofficially)	August 16, 1867 May 25, 1870	... 21st	Designated August 16, 1867 Resigned May 25, 1870
	2nd	George E. King[9] (1st time of 2)	June 9, 1870 February 21, 1871		Designated June 9, 1870
	22nd			Elected June 29, 1870 Resigned February 21, 1871
		3rd	George L. Hathaway	February 21, 1871 July 5, 1872	Designated February 21, 1871 Resigned July 5, 1872
		4th	George E. King[9] (2nd time of 2)	July 5, 1872 May 3, 1878	Designated July 5, 1872
	23rd	Re-elected June 4, 1874
	5th	John James Fraser[10]	June 1878 May 25, 1882	24th	Elected June 25, 1878 Resigned May 25, 1882
	6th	Daniel L. Hanington[11]	May 25, 1882 February 1883		Designated May 25, 1882
	25th			Elected June 15, 1882 Resigned February 1883
		7th	Andrew G. Blair[12] (Liberal, unofficially)	March 3, 1883 July 17, 1896	Designated March 3, 1883
	26th	Re-elected April 26, 1886
	27th	Re-elected January 20, 1890
	28th	Re-elected November 22, 1892
	29th	Re-elected October 9, 1895 Resigned July 17, 1896
		8th	James Mitchell (Liberal, unofficially)	July 17, 1896 October 29, 1897	Designated July 17, 1896 Resigned October 29, 1897
		9th	Henry R. Emmerson[13] (Liberal, unofficially)	October 29, 1897 August 31, 1900	Designated October 29, 1897
	30th	Re-elected February 18, 1899 Resigned August 31, 1900
		10th	Lemuel J. Tweedie (Liberal, unofficially)	September 1, 1900 March 2, 1907	Designated September 1, 1900
	31st	Re-elected February 28, 1903 Resigned March 2, 1907
		11th	William Pugsley (Liberal, unofficially)	March 6, 1907 May 31, 1907	Designated March 6, 1907 Resigned May 31, 1907
		12th	Clifford W. Robinson (Liberal, unofficially)	May 31, 1907 March 24, 1908	Designated May 31, 1907
	13th	John Douglas Hazen (Conservative, unofficially)	March 24, 1908 October 10, 1911	32nd	Elected March 3, 1908 Resigned October 10, 1911
	14th	James Kidd Flemming[14] (Conservative, unofficially)	October 16, 1911 December 6, 1914		Designated October 16, 1911
	33rd			Re-elected June 20, 1912 Resigned December 6, 1914
		15th	George Clarke[15] (Conservative, unofficially)	December 6, 1914 February 1, 1917	Designated December 6, 1914
		16th	James A. Murray[16] (Conservative, unofficially)	February 1, 1917 April 4, 1917	Designated February 1, 1917
	17th	Walter E. Foster[17] (Liberal, unofficially)	April 4, 1917 February 1, 1923	34th	Elected February 24, 1917
	35th			Re-elected October 9, 1920 to a minority government Resigned February 1, 1923
		18th	Peter J. Veniot[18] (Liberal, unofficially)	February 28, 1923 September 10, 1925	Designated February 28, 1923 to a minority government
	19th	John B. M. Baxter[19] (Conservative, unofficially)	September 14, 1925 May 19, 1931	36th	Elected August 10, 1925
	37th			Re-elected June 19, 1930 Resigned May 19, 1931
		20th	Charles D. Richards[20] (Conservative)	May 18, 1931 June 2, 1933	Designated May 18, 1931 Resigned June 2, 1933
		21st	Leonard P. D. Tilley[21] (Conservative)	June 1, 1933 July 12, 1935	Designated June 1, 1933
	22nd	Allison A. Dysart[22] (Liberal)	July 16, 1935 March 13, 1940	38th	Elected June 27, 1935
	39th			Re-elected November 20, 1939 Resigned March 13, 1940
		23rd	John B. McNair (Liberal)	March 13, 1940 October 7, 1952	Designated March 13, 1940
	40th	Re-elected August 28, 1944
	41st	Re-elected June 28, 1948
	24th	Hugh John Flemming (Progressive Conservative)	October 8, 1952 July 11, 1960	42nd	Elected September 22, 1952
	43rd			Re-elected June 18, 1956
	25th	Louis Joseph Robichaud (Liberal)	July 12, 1960 November 11, 1970	44th	Elected June 27, 1960
	45th			Re-elected April 22, 1963
	46th			Re-elected October 13, 1967
	26th	Richard Bennett Hatfield (Progressive Conservative)	November 11, 1970 October 26, 1987	47th	Elected October 26, 1970
	48th			Re-elected November 18, 1974
	49th			Re-elected October 23, 1978
	50th			Re-elected October 12, 1982
	27th	Francis Joseph McKenna[23] (Liberal)	October 27, 1987 October 13, 1997	51st	Elected October 13, 1987
	52nd			Re-elected September 23, 1991
	53rd			Re-elected September 11, 1995 Resigned October 13, 1997
		28th	Joseph Raymond Frenette (Liberal)	October 14, 1997 May 14, 1998	Designated October 14, 1997 Resigned May 14, 1998
		29th	Camille Thériault (Liberal)	May 14, 1998 June 21, 1999	Designated May 14, 1998
	30th	Bernard Lord (Progressive Conservative)	June 21, 1999 October 3, 2006	54th	Elected June 7, 1999
	55th			Re-elected June 9, 2003
	31st	Shawn Michael Graham (Liberal)	October 3, 2006 October 12, 2010	56th	Elected September 18, 2006
	32nd	David Nathan Alward (Progressive Conservative)	October 12, 2010 October 7, 2014	57th	Elected September 27, 2010
	33rd*	Brian Alexander Gallant (Liberal)	October 7, 2014	58th	Elected September 22, 2014

* The New Brunswick practice is to count George E. King as the 2nd and 4th Premier, making Brian Gallant the 33rd Premier.^[24]

Living former premiers

As of October 2014, six former premiers are alive, the oldest being Ray Frenette (1997–1998, born 1935). The most recent former premier to die was Louis Robichaud (1960–1970), on January 6, 2005. The most recently serving premier to die was Richard Hatfield (1970–1987), on April 26, 1991.

Name	Term	Date of birth
Frank McKenna	1987–1997	January 19, 1948
Ray Frenette	1997–1998	April 16, 1935
Camille Thériault	1998–1999	February 25, 1955
Bernard Lord	1999–2006	September 27, 1965
Shawn Graham	2006–2010	February 22, 1968
David Alward	2010–2014	December 2, 1959

See also

• Leader of the Opposition (New Brunswick)

References

General

• "New Brunswick by the numbers". CBC. August 25, 2006. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
• "Premiers of New Brunswick". The Legislative Library of New Brunswick. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
• Doyle, Arthur T. (1984). Elections in New Brunswick, 1784-1984. Fredericton: Brunswick Press. ISBN 0-88838-391-6.

Specific

1. "Canadian Confederation". Library and Archives Canada. May 2, 2005. Archived from the original on June 22, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
2. "Responsible Government". Library and Archives Canada. May 2, 2005. Archived from the original on June 21, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
3. "The Legislative Process". Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
4. "Fisher, Charles (Hon.)" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
5. "John Hamilton Gray" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
6. "Albert J. Smith" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
7. "Peter Mitchell" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
8. "Andrew R. Wetmore" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
9. "King, George Edwin (Hon.)" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
10. "John James Fraser" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
11. "Daniel L. Hanington" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
12. "Andrew G. Blair" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
13. "Henry R. Emmerson" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
14. "James Kidd Flemming" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
15. "George J. Clarke" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
16. "James A. Murray" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
17. "Walter E. Foster" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
18. "Peter J. Veniot" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
19. "Baxter, John Babington Macaulay Sr." (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
20. "Richards, Charles Dow" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
21. "Tilley, Leonard Percy DeWolfe" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
22. "Dysart, Albert Allison" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
23. "McKenna, Francis Joseph (Frank)" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
24. "Shawn Graham Bios". Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick. August 26, 2010. Retrieved March 19, 2011.

External links

• New Brunswick Office of the Premier