List of Red Hot Chili Peppers band members

Red Hot Chili Peppers

Background information
Origin Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Genres Alternative rock, funk rock, funk metal, rap rock
Years active 1983–present
Members Anthony Kiedis
Michael Balzary
Chad Smith
Josh Klinghoffer
Past members Hillel Slovak
Jack Irons
Cliff Martinez
Jack Sherman
DeWayne McKnight
D.H. Peligro
Arik Marshall
Jesse Tobias
Dave Navarro
John Frusciante

Red Hot Chili Peppers is an American rock band formed in Los Angeles, California, in 1983.[1] The band was formed by vocalist Anthony Kiedis, guitarist Hillel Slovak, bassist Michael Balzary, and drummer Jack Irons after they met while attending Fairfax High School. Since its inception, Red Hot Chili Peppers has maintained a four-member lineup, with fourteen official members overall.

In late 1983, two weeks before signing with EMI, Slovak and Irons obtained a record deal with MCA Records with their other band, What Is This?, and left Red Hot Chili Peppers.[2] Rather than dissolving the band, Kiedis and Balzary decided to recruit new members. Cliff Martinez was hired as the band's new drummer and Martinez's band mate in The Weirdos, guitarist, Dix Denney was expected to replace Slovak. After a few rehearsals, however, the band felt he didn't fit and auditions continued. Their final candidates were guitarists Mark Nine and Jack Sherman, about whom the band knew nothing. After practicing with Sherman, they felt that he was the best fit because he worked well with Michael and Martinez.[3] With Martinez and Sherman aboard, the band released their eponymous debut album on August 10, 1984. During the ensuing tour, continuing musical and lifestyle tension between Kiedis and Sherman complicated the transition between concert and daily band life.[4][5] Sherman was fired soon after, with Slovak returning to the Chili Peppers in 1985 after growing tired of What Is This?.[6] At one point, Chuck Biscuits filled in on drums during the 1985 tour. The band dismissed Cliff Martinez from the group in April 1986 due to personal differences and replaced him with founding member Jack Irons, who was out of work and finally separated from other commitments.[7] During this period, however, Kiedis and Slovak had both developed serious drug addictions, which resulted in Kiedis being briefly fired that same year. At one performance, longtime friend and then Circle Jerks frontman, Keith Morris filled in for an absent Kiedis who was out scoring drugs while his band was playing a show.[8][9] On June 25, 1988, Slovak died of a heroin overdose shortly after the completion of The Uplift Mofo Party Plan tour. Kiedis would then retreat into hiding, further fueling his drug habit and even skipping Slovak's funeral. After a band meeting with manager, Lindy Goetz, Irons subsequently left the group, saying that he did not want to be part of a band where his friends were dying.[1]

Attempting to cope with the death of Slovak and the departure of Irons, Kiedis and Flea temporarily employed Dead Kennedys drummer D. H. Peligro and former P-Funk guitarist DeWayne McKnight.[10] McKnight's tenure was brief, lasting three shows in September 1988 before he was fired. He was quickly replaced by John Frusciante in October 1988 and writing for the next album quickly began. Peligro however was dealing with personal substance problems of his own and would last a few more months before he too was fired. Despite several open auditions, the band remained without a drummer. One of the final drummers to audition was Chad Smith, who Kiedis said was so proficient on the drums he "ate [them] for breakfast".[11] After another successful jam session, Kiedis, Frusciante and Flea admitted Smith into the Chili Peppers and was hired in November 1988.[12]

During the 1992 Japanese leg of the Blood Sugar Sex Magik tour, Frusciante, overwhelmed by the band's new-found success and his drug addiction, abruptly quit in May 1992.[1] Circle Jerks bassist Zander Schloss was auditioned but after four days of rehearsing, Kiedis, Flea, and Smith decided that Schloss did not fit with their future plans.[13] The band originally had wanted Dave Navarro as their guitarist but Navarro's band, Jane's Addiction had just broken up and he wasn't ready to join another band. With a major summer tour planned including a headlining spot at Lollapalooza, guitarist Arik Marshall of L.A. band Marshall Law was hired as Frusciante's official replacement and would finish out the remainder of tour with the band. Coming off their most successful tour the band was excited to start recording their next album however during pre-production of their sixth studio album, tensions grew between the band and Marshall, and they dismissed him from the band in early 1993.[14] Shortly following Marshall's firing the band attempted to hold open auditions but they proved to be a failure although Buckethead was one of the guitarists to audtition.[15] Kiedis attended a show by local L.A. band, Mother Tongue and quickly was drawn to the band's guitarist, Jesse Tobias. Tobias was recruited after a series of open auditions; however, his tenure with the band was brief and after weeks of writing and rehearsals for the next album the band stated that "the chemistry wasn't right" and he was fired although the band already had his replacement ready. Chad was friends with and in contact with Navarro, whom he said was now ready to join the band so on September 5, 1993 Navarro was officially hired as the band's seventh guitarist and work quickly began on the band's next record, One Hot Minute, which would be released in 1995 and was seen as a disappointment in sales compared to their previous album.[16][16][17]

The band's One Hot Minute tour proved to be successful however for the band it could easily be viewed as a disaster. Navarro never felt he fit properly in the band and the chemistry just wasn't there with him. Following attempts to write and rehearse for their seventh studio album, in April 1998, it was announced that Navarro had been fired from the band due to creative differences; Kiedis stated that the decision was "mutual".[18] With the band on the brink of a break-up, Kiedis informed Flea that he felt the only way the band could continue is if Frusicante would return. Flea surprised Kiedis by stating he had been in contact with Frusciante and had a feeling he might be open to rejoining. That same month after Navarro's departure, Flea visited Frusciante and invited him to rejoin the band. An emotional and now sober Frusciante readily accepted the invitation. With Frusciante back, the band went on to release three of their most successful albums; 1999's Californication, 2002's By the Way and 2006's Stadium Arcadium.[19]

In late 2007 following the band's Stadium Arcadium tour, the Red Hot Chili Peppers went on a hiatus, with Kiedis citing exhaustion as the main reason.[20] The band's hiatus lasted until October 2009 when they started to write and rehearse for their tenth album however absent from these rehearsals was Fruciante although present was the band's touring guitarist, Josh Klinghoffer leading many to speculate Frusciante had again left the band. Speculation proved to be true with Frusciante already having quit the band for a second time on July 29, 2009 however it wasn't until December 2009 in a post on his official website that he made his departure from the band official to the public.[21] He stated that he left Red Hot Chili Peppers during the hiatus to focus on a solo career.[22][23] Klinghoffer, who acted as a sideman during 2007 dates on the band's Stadium Arcadium tour and on John Frusciante's solo projects, joined the band on October 12, 2009;[24] however, his membership was not announced until February 8, 2010.[25][26] With Klinghoffer, the band saw this as a new beginning and in August 2011 they released their tenth-studio album, I'm with You. During this tour, the band added backing musicians, Mauro Refosco and Chris Warren (also Smith's drum technician) to their touring lineup.

On April 14, 2012, the Red Hot Chili Peppers were inducted by Chris Rock into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Kiedis, Flea, Smith, Klinghoffer (who became the youngest inductee ever), Frusciante, Slovak, Irons and Martinez were the members inducted. Slovak was inducted on behalf of his brother, James while Frusciante, who was invited, declined the band's offer and didn't show up although was heavily praised during the induction speech by his former bandmates. Despite their contributions to the band's studio albums, Jack Sherman and Dave Navarro were neither inducted nor invited to the ceremony because the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame committee decided that only original members, current members or those who played on more than one album were able to be inducted. Both Martinez and Irons joined the band (marking the first time either drummer had performed with the Chili Peppers since their departures from the band in the 1980s) onstage for a performance of "Give It Away" and "Higher Ground", which ended up in an all-star jam involving some of the night's inductees and other guest musicians. The band released their eleventh studio album, The Getaway in June 2016.

Members

Current

As of 2011, the lineup of Red Hot Chili Peppers includes one vocalist, one bassist, one drummer, and one guitarist.

Image Name Years active Instruments Release contributions
Kiedis, AnthonyAnthony Kiedis 1983–1986, 1986–present lead vocals All Red Hot Chili Peppers releases[21]
, FleaFlea 1983–present bass guitar, trumpet, piano, backing vocals All Red Hot Chili Peppers releases
Smith, ChadChad Smith 1988–present drums, percussion All Red Hot Chili Peppers releases from Mother's Milk (1989)
Klinghoffer, JoshJosh Klinghoffer 2009–present lead guitar, backing vocals,[26] keyboards, six-string bass All Red Hot Chili Peppers releases from I'm with You (2011)

Former

The former members of Red Hot Chili Peppers consist of seven guitarists and three drummers.

Image Name Years active Instruments Release contributions
Slovak, HillelHillel Slovak 1983, 1984–1988 lead guitar, backing vocals Co-wrote "Baby Appeal", "Get Up and Jump", "Green Heaven", "Out In L.A., and "Police Helicopter" from The Red Hot Chili Peppers (1984), Freaky Styley (1985), The Uplift Mofo Party Plan (1987), The Abbey Road E.P. (1988), "Fire" from Mother's Milk (1989), Sock-Cess (1989), What Hits!? (1992), Out in L.A. (1994), The Best of Red Hot Chili Peppers (1994), Under the Covers: Essential Red Hot Chili Peppers (1998), 10 Great Songs (2009)
Irons, JackJack Irons 1983, 1986–1988 drums, percussion, backing vocals Co-wrote "Baby Appeal", "Get Up and Jump", "Green Heaven", "Out In L.A., and "Police Helicopter" from The Red Hot Chili Peppers (1984), Co-wrote "Nevermind", "The Brother's Cup" and "Sex Rap" from Freaky Styley  (1985), The Uplift Mofo Party Plan (1987), The Abbey Road E.P. (1988), "Fire" from Mother's Milk (1989), Sock-Cess (1989) What Hits!? (1992), Out in L.A. (1994), The Best of Red Hot Chili Peppers (1994), Under the Covers: Essential Red Hot Chili Peppers (1998), 10 Great Songs (2009)
Sherman, JackJack Sherman 1983–1984 lead guitar, backing vocals The Red Hot Chili Peppers (1984), Freaky Styley (co-writing credits) (1984) The Abbey Road E.P. (1988), Sock-Cess (1989) What Hits!? (1992), The Best of Red Hot Chili Peppers (2009) Under the Covers: Essential Red Hot Chili Peppers (1998), 10 Great Songs (2009)
Martinez, CliffCliff Martinez 1983–1986 drums, percussion The Red Hot Chili Peppers (1984), Freaky Styley (1985), Co-wrote "Walkin' On Down the Road" from The Uplift Mofo Party Plan (1987), The Abbey Road E.P. (1988), Sock-Cess (1989) What Hits!? (1992), Out in L.A. (1994), The Best of Red Hot Chili Peppers (1989), Under the Covers: Essential Red Hot Chili Peppers (1998), 10 Great Songs (2009)
McKnight, DeWayneDeWayne McKnight 1988 lead guitar, backing vocals "Blues for Meister" from Out in L.A. (1994)[27]
Peligro, D.H.D.H. Peligro 1988 drums, percussion co-wrote "Stone Cold Bush" and Sexy Mexican Maid" from Mother's Milk  (1989)
Marshall, ArikArik Marshall 1992–1993 lead guitar, backing vocals Marshall did not appear or contribute to any of the band's studio releases however he did appear in the band's music videos for "Breaking the Girl" and "If You Have to Ask", both of which were recorded with Frusciante
Tobias, JesseJesse Tobias 1993 lead guitar, backing vocals New music was created with Tobias during his brief tenure in the band as they rehearsed for a follow-up to Blood Sugar Sex Magik however he was fired from the band before anything was recorded or released
Navarro, DaveDave Navarro 1993–1997 lead guitar, backing vocals One Hot Minute (1995), "I Found Out" from Working Class Hero: A Tribute to John Lennon (1995), "Love Rollercoaster" from Beavis and Butt-Head Do America (1996), "Circle of the Noose" (1998), Greatest Hits (2003), Road Trippin' Through Time (2011), Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Covers EP (2012)
Frusciante, JohnJohn Frusciante 1988–1992, 1998–2009[21] lead guitar, keyboards, backing vocals Mother's Milk (1989), Sock-Cess (1989), Blood Sugar Sex Magik (1992), What Hits!? (1992), Live Rare Remix Box (1994), The Plasma Shaft (1994), Out in L.A. (1994), The Best of Red Hot Chili Peppers (1994), Under the Covers: Essential Red Hot Chili Peppers (1998), Californication (1999), By the Way (2002), Greatest Hits (2003), Live in Hyde Park (2004), Stadium Arcadium (2006), iTunes Originals – Red Hot Chili Peppers (2006), 10 Great Songs (2009), Road Trippin' Through Time (2011), Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Covers EP (2012)

Timeline

Touring and studio musicians

Red Hot Chili Peppers has employed numerous touring and studio musicians throughout its career. A touring or studio musician is an unofficial member who will perform live or contribute in the studio with the band although is not considered an official member. Vicki Calhoun, Keith "Tree" Barry, and Philip Fisher did contribute to Mother's Milk (1989), where Calhoun performed backing vocals on "Knock Me Down", "Higher Ground", "Good Time Boys", and "Johnny, Kick a Hole in the Sky", Barry played tenor sax on "Subway to Venus", and Fisher provided drums on "Taste the Pain". Josh Klinghoffer was featured as a backing musician on the final half of the band's Stadium Arcadium tour and eventually become an official member replacing guitarist John Frusciante in 2009. The band's longtime roadie/drum technician, Chris Warren, also became a member of touring lineup in 2007 providing keyboards and drum synthesizers. The band's I'm with You Tour and its following 2013/2014 tour featured percussionist, Mauro Refosco. Refosco also provided percussion for most of the tracks on the band's I'm with You album and related releases. For the band's 2016 The Getaway World Tour, Nate Walcott joined the touring lineup providing piano and keyboards while the band's assistant tour manager Samuel Bañuelos III provides additional bass when the band performs "Go Robot".

The band has also seen musicians such as Keith Morris and Chuck Biscuits briefly fill in for a show or two. Morris, who was fronting the Circle Jerks at the time, filled in for Kiedis for a show in 1986. Kiedis was off scoring drugs and missed the band's performance so they asked Morris to fill in however Morris didn't know any of the lyrics to the songs so he screamed and yelled his way through the show. Drummer Chuck Biscuits also briefly filled in on drums back in 1985.

Current touring and studio musicians

Image Name Years active Instruments Release contributions)
—
 Warren, ChrisChris Warren 2007–present keyboards, drum synthesizer, occasional backing vocals Red Hot Chili Peppers Live: I'm with You (2011), Official Bootlegs (2011-2013), 2011 Live EP (2012), Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Covers EP  (2012), Live In Paris EP  (2016) Warren has also been with the band for over 20 years as their roadie/drum technician
—
 Walcott, NateNate Walcott 2016–present piano, keyboards Live In Paris EP  (2016)
—
 Bañuelos III, SamuelSamuel Bañuelos III 2016–present bass provides additional bass during band's live performances of "Go Robot" and also serves as their assistant tour manager

Former touring and studio musicians

Image Name Years active Instruments Release contributions)
—
 Refosco, MauroMauro Refosco 2011-2014 percussion I'm with You  (2011), Red Hot Chili Peppers Live: I'm with You (2011), Official Bootlegs (2011-2013), 2011 Live EP  (2012), Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Covers EP (2012), I'm with You Sessions  (2012-2013), I'm Beside You (2013)

 Mark, MoneyMoney Mark 2011 B3 Organ Performed B3 Organ on "Look Around" from I'm with You
Klinghoffer, JoshJosh Klinghoffer[28] 2007 rhythm guitar, keyboards, percussion, backing vocals touring musician on Stadium Arcadium World Tour
—
 Bulger, MichaelMichael Bulger 2006, 2011 trumpet, trombone, piano trombone on "Turn it Again" from Stadium Arcadium, trumpet on "Did I Let You Know" from I'm with You, piano on various songs from Red Hot Chili Peppers Live: I'm with You
Rodríguez-López, MarcelMarcel Rodríguez-López[29] 2006–2007 keyboards, clavinet, percussion touring musician

 Rodríguez-López, OmarOmar Rodríguez-López 2006 guitar Performed guitar solo on "Especially in Michigan" from Stadium Arcadium
—
 Kokal, EmilyEmily Kokal 2006 backing vocals Performed backing vocal on "Desecration Smile" from Stadium Arcadium

 da Costa, PaulinhoPaulinho da Costa 2006 percussion Performed percussion on Stadium Arcadium

 Kurstin, GregGreg Kurstin 1999, 2011 keyboards, piano Performed keyboards on Californication and piano on "Goodbye Hooray", "Police Station" and "Even You Brutus" from I'm with You
—
 Phoenix, RainRain Phoenix[30] 1995–1996 backing vocals touring backing vocalist
—
 Ludwig, AcaciaAcacia Ludwig[31] 1995–1996 backing vocals touring backing vocalist

 Castro, LennyLenny Castro 1995, 2006, 2011 percussion Performed percussion on "Deep Kick", "My Friends", "One Hot Minute", "Tearjerker" and "Walkabout" from One Hot Minute, on Stadium Arcadium album, "Monarchy of Roses", "Factory of Faith", "Brendan's Death Song", "Ethiopia", "Goodbye Hooray", "Even You Brutus?", "Meet Me at the Corner" and "Dance, Dance, Dance" from I'm with You
—
 Perkins, StephenStephen Perkins 1995 percussion Performed percussion on "One Big Mob" and "Bob" (iTunes bonus track) from One Hot Minute

 Lurie, JohnJohn Lurie 1995 harmonica Performed harmonica on "One Hot Minute" from One Hot Minute
—
 Echo, AimeeAimee Echo 1995 backing vocals Performed backing vocals on "One Big Mob" and "One Hot Minute" from One Hot Minute
—
 Khalsa, Gurmukh KaurGurmukh Kaur Khalsa 1995 chats Performed chants on "Falling Into Grace" from One Hot Minute
—
 Frusciante, GailGail Frusciante 1991 backing vocals Performed backing vocals with her church choir on "Under the Bridge" from Blood Sugar Sex Magik
—
 O'Brien, BrendanBrendan O'Brien 1991 mellotron, B3 Organ, toy celeste Performed mellotron on "Breaking the Girl" and "Sir Psycho Sexy", B3 Organ on "Suck My Kiss" and toy celeste on "Apache Rose Peacock" from Blood Sugar Sex Magik

 Preston, BillyBilly Preston 1990, 2006 keyboards, clavinet Performed keyboards on "Show Me Your Soul" and clavinet on "Warlocks" from Stadium Arcadium
—
 Rule, RobRob Rule[32] 1989–1990, 1995–1996 opening comedy act, rhythm guitar, backing vocals, roadie
—
 Calhoun, VickiVicki Calhoun 1989–1990 backing vocals[33] backing vocals on "Good Time Boys", "Higher Ground", "Knock Me Down" and "Johnny, Kick a Hole in the Sky" from Mother's Milk[34]
—
 Vigard, KristenKristen Vigard 1989, 1995 backing vocals Performed backing vocals on "Good Time Boys", "Higher Ground" and "Johnny, Kick a Hole in the Sky" from Mother's Milk and backing vocals on "Falling Into Grace" from One Hot Minute

 Sherman, JackJack Sherman 1989 backing vocals Performed backing vocals on "Good Time Boys" and "Higher Ground" from Mother's Milk
Fisher, Philip "Fish"Philip "Fish" Fisher 1987, 1988 drums, percussion, backing vocals backing vocals on The Uplift Mofo Party Plan, drums on "Taste the Pain"

Moore, AngeloAngelo Moore 1987 Backing vocals Performed backing vocals on The Uplift Mofo Party Plan
—
 Beinhorn, MichaelMichael Beinhorn 1987 backing vocals Performed backing vocals on The Uplift Mofo Party Plan

 Morris, KeithKeith Morris 1986 lead vocals Filled in for Anthony Kiedis at one performance in 1986

 Parker, MaceoMaceo Parker 1985 Saxophone Performed on "Hollywood (Africa)", "American Ghost Dance", "If You Want Me to Stay", "Nevermind", "The Brother's Cup" and "Yertle the Turtle" frm Freaky Styley

 Wesley, FredFred Wesley 1985 Trombone Performed on "Hollywood (Africa)", "American Ghost Dance", "If You Want Me to Stay", "Nevermind", "The Brother's Cup" and "Yertle the Turtle" from Freaky Styley
Biscuits, ChuckChuck Biscuits 1985 drums filled in briefly during 1985 tour
—
 Barry, Keith "Tree"Keith "Tree" Barry 1984, 1987–1990, 1995, 2011 saxophone, violin, backing vocals, touring musician horn arrangements on various songs from The Red Hot Chili Peppers, saxophone on "Subway to Venus" and "Sexy Mexican Maid" from Mother's Milk, saxophone and backing vocals on various songs from Psychedelic Sexfunk Live from Heaven, backing vocals on "Special Secret Song Inside" from Out in L.A., violin on "Tearjerker" from One Hot Minute. Barry also performed saxophone and backing vocals live for the band during the Mother's Milk tour and during one appearance on the I'm with You Tour
—
 Dickey, GwenGwen Dickey 1984 backing vocals Performed backing vocals on the band's debut album. Dickey is best known as the singer for the 1970s band Rose Royce
—
 Ranelin, PhilPhil Ranelin 1984 Trombone Performed on the band's debut album

References

General
Notes
  1. 1 2 3 Prato, Greg. "Red Hot Chili Peppers > Biography". Allmusic. Retrieved June 5, 2007.
  2. ↑ Kiedis, Sloman, 2004. p. 126
  3. ↑ Kiedis, Sloman, 2004. p. 127
  4. ↑ Kiedis, Sloman, 2004. p. 133
  5. ↑ Kiedis, Sloman, 2004. p. 134
  6. ↑ Kiedis, Sloman, 2004. pp. 162–163
  7. ↑ Kiedis, Sloman, 2004. p. 188
  8. ↑ Kiedis, Sloman, 2004. p. 191
  9. ↑ Kiedis, Sloman, 2004. pp. 219–225
  10. ↑ Kiedis, Sloman, 2004. p. 224
  11. ↑ Kiedis, Sloman, 2004. p. 233
  12. ↑ Kiedis, Sloman, 2004. p. 234
  13. ↑ Kiedis, Sloman, 2004. pp. 297–298
  14. ↑ Kiedis, Sloman, 2004. p. 311
  15. ↑ http://www.bucketheadland.com/faq/faq2/FAQ_2_0.html#57
  16. 1 2 Foege, Alec (October 19, 1995). "The Red Hot Chili Peppers (Page 1)". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on May 3, 2008. Retrieved March 31, 2007.
  17. ↑ Kiedis, Sloman, 2004. p. 312
  18. ↑ Rosenthal, Joe (April 6, 1998). "Pepper Guitar Mill Grinds On". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on October 31, 2007. Retrieved March 31, 2007.
  19. ↑ Kiedis, Sloman, 2004. p. 398
  20. ↑ Anderson, Kyle (May 19, 2008). "Q&A: Anthony Kiedis: Rolling Stone". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on May 25, 2008. Retrieved May 22, 2008.
  21. 1 2 3 http://redhotchilipeppers.com/timeline
  22. ↑ Cashmere, Paul (December 17, 2009). "John Frusciante Explains His Departure from Red Hot Chili Peppers". Undercover.com.au. Retrieved December 18, 2009.
  23. ↑ "John Frusciante confirms he's left Red Hot Chili Peppers". NME. December 17, 2009. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
  24. ↑ http://download.wbr.com/rhcp/RHCP_rs.pdf
  25. ↑ Anderson, Sara (March 12, 2010). "Red Hot Chili Peppers – 2010 New Album Preview". AOL Radio. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
  26. 1 2 Bosso, Joe (May 6, 2010). "Chad Smith talks new Chickenfoot, Red Hot Chili Peppers albums (Page 2)". MusicRadar. Retrieved June 15, 2010.
  27. ↑ "Twitter / Flea: blackbyrd McKnight on guitar". Twitter. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  28. ↑ Lindsay, Andrew (January 2, 2010). "Josh Klinghoffer confirms he is the new RHCP guitarist". Stereokill.net. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
  29. ↑ Balzary, Michael; Klinghoffer, Josh (August 10, 2011). "Red Hot Chili Peppers - I'm With You Interview 4 (Interview)". YouTube. Retrieved August 10, 2011.
  30. ↑ Marx, Rebecca. "Rain Phoenix > Biography". Allmovie. Retrieved July 3, 2010.
  31. ↑ ""Walkabout" Live". NME. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
  32. ↑ "The Side – 1995 One Hot Minute Tour". TheSide.free.fr. Retrieved June 15, 2010.
  33. ↑ Apter, Jeff (2005). Fornication the Red Hot Chili Peppers story. London: Omnibus. ISBN 9780857120656.
  34. ↑ Gerard, Chris (28 September 2015). "The 100 Greatest Alternative Singles of the '80s". PopMatters. p. 1. Retrieved 2 December 2015.

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