List of United States federal executive orders

Executive orders are issued by United States presidents to help officers and agencies of the executive branch manage operations within the federal government.

At the federal level of government in the United States, laws are made almost exclusively by legislation. Such legislation originates as an Act of Congress passed by the Congress of the United States (and its predecessor, the Continental Congress); such acts were either signed into law by the President or passed by Congress after a presidential veto.

However, legislation is not the only source of regulations which have the force of law. There is also judge-made common law and constitutional law. The President can issue executive orders pursuant to a grant of discretion from Congress, or under the inherent powers that office holds to deal with certain matters of foreign policy.

Many early executive orders were not recorded. The State Department began numbering executive orders in the early 20th century, starting retroactively from President Abraham Lincoln's Executive Order Establishing a Provisional Court in Louisiana issued in 1862.

Consolidated list by President

President	Total Orders	Order Number Range	Years in Office	Orders Per Year	Period
George Washington	8	unnumbered	7.95	1.0	April 30, 1789 – March 4, 1797
John Adams	1	unnumbered	4	0.3	March 4, 1797 – March 4, 1801
Thomas Jefferson	4	unnumbered	8	0.5	March 4, 1801 – March 4, 1809
James Madison	1	unnumbered	8	0.1	March 4, 1809 – March 4, 1817
James Monroe	1	unnumbered	8	0.1	March 4, 1817 – March 4, 1825
John Quincy Adams	3	unnumbered	4	0.8	March 4, 1825 – March 4, 1829
Andrew Jackson	12	unnumbered	8	1.5	March 4, 1829 – March 4, 1837
Martin van Buren	10	unnumbered	8	1.3	March 4, 1837 – March 4, 1841
William Henry Harrison	0		0.08	0.0	March 4, 1841 – April 4, 1841
John Tyler	17	unnumbered	3.92	4.3	April 4, 1841 – March 4, 1845
James K. Polk	18	unnumbered	4	4.5	March 4, 1845 – March 4, 1849
Zachary Taylor	5	unnumbered	1.34	3.7	March 4, 1849 – July 9, 1850
Millard Fillmore	12	unnumbered	2.66	4.5	July 9, 1850 – March 4, 1853
Franklin Pierce	35	unnumbered	4	8.8	March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857
James Buchanan	16	unnumbered	4	4.0	March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1861
Abraham Lincoln	48	unnumbered	4.11	11.7	March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865
Andrew Johnson	79	unnumbered	3.89	20.3	April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869
Ulysses S. Grant	217	unnumbered	8	27.1	March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1877
Rutherford B. Hayes	92	unnumbered	4	23.0	March 4, 1877 – March 4, 1881
James Garfield	6	unnumbered	0.54	11.1	March 4, 1881 – September 19, 1881
Chester Arthur	96	unnumbered	3.46	27.7	September 19, 1881 – March 4, 1885
Grover Cleveland - I	113	unnumbered	4	28.3	March 4, 1885 – March 4, 1889
Benjamin Harrison	143	unnumbered	4	35.8	March 4, 1889 – March 4, 1893
Grover Cleveland - II	140	unnumbered	4	35.0	March 4, 1893 – March 4, 1897
William McKinley	185	unnumbered	4.53	40.9	March 4, 1897 – September 14, 1901
Theodore Roosevelt	1,081		7.47	144.7	September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1909
William Howard Taft	724		4	181.0	March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913
Woodrow Wilson	1,803		8	225.4	March 4, 1913 – March 4, 1921
Warren G. Harding	522		2.41	216.9	March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923
Calvin Coolidge	1,203		5.59	215.2	August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1929
Herbert Hoover	968	5075 - 6070	4	242.0	March 4, 1929 – March 4, 1933
Franklin D. Roosevelt	3,522	6071 - 9537	12.11	290.8	March 4, 1933 – April 12, 1945
Harry S. Truman	907	9538 - 10431	7.77	116.7	April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1953
Dwight D. Eisenhower	484	10432 - 10913	8	60.5	January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961
John F. Kennedy	214	10914 - 11127	2.84	75.4	January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963
Lyndon B. Johnson	325	11128 - 11451	5.16	62.9	November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1969
Richard Nixon	346	11452 - 11797	5.56	62.3	January 20, 1969 – August 9, 1974
Gerald R. Ford	169	11798 - 11966	2.45	69.1	August 9, 1974 – January 20, 1977
Jimmy Carter	320	11967 - 12286	4	80.0	January 20, 1977 – January 20, 1981
Ronald Reagan	381	12287 - 12667	8	47.6	January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989
George H. W. Bush	166	12668 - 12833	4	41.5	January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993
William J. Clinton	364	12834 - 13197	8	45.5	January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001
George W. Bush	291	13198 - 13488	8	36.4	January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009
Barack Obama	260	13489 - 13738...	7.5	31.3	January 20, 2009 -

^{[1][2][3][4][5]}

1800s

• 1836: Specie Circular - Required payment for public lands be in gold and silver specie
• 1863: Emancipation Proclamation - Changed the federal legal status of enslaved persons within the rebellious states to free.^[6]
• 1872: The Colville Indian Reservation is created. April 9, 1872

1900–1929

• 1901–1909: Executive Orders by President Theodore Roosevelt: Complete List of Executive Orders by President Theodore Roosevelt^[7]
• 1914: Executive Order 1888: Providing conditions of employment for the Permanent Force for the Panama Canal^[8]
• 1918: Executive Order 2859: National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences^[9]
• 1927: Executive Order 4601: Authorization of the Distinguished Flying Cross ^[10]

Herbert Hoover (1929–1933)

EOs 5075–6070 ^[11]

Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933–1945)

Administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt Executive Orders Disposition Tables^[12]

Executive Orders 6071–9537

Year	First	Last	Total
1933	6071	6545	573
1934	6546	6935	474
1935	6936	7261	394
1936	7262	7531	274
1937	7532	7784	253
1938	7784-A	8030	247
1939	8031	8316	287
1940	8317	8624	309
1941	8625	9005	383
1942	9006	9292	289
1943	9293	9412	122
1944	9413	9508	100
1945	9509	9537	29
Total	6071	9537	3,522

Harry S Truman (1945–1953)

Administration of Harry S Truman Executive Orders Disposition Tables^[13]

Executive Orders 9538–10431

Year	First	Last	Total
1945	9538	9672	139
1946	9673	9817	148
1947	9818	9918	100
1948	9919	10025	117
1949	10026	10094	69
1950	10095	10199	95
1951	10200	10317	118
1952	10318	10420	104
1953	10421	10431	11
Total	9538	10431	907

Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953–1961)

Administration of Dwight D. Eisenhower Executive Orders Disposition Tables^[14]

EOs 10432–10913

• 1953: Executive Order 10450: Charged the heads of federal agencies and the Office of Personnel Management, supported by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), with investigating federal employees to determine whether they posed security risks.
• 1954: Executive Order 10555: Establishing a Seal for the President's Committee on Employment of the Physically Handicapped
• 1959: Executive Order 10834: Defined the design of the flag of the United States^[15]
  

  U.S. flag design as defined by Executive Order 10834.

Executive Orders 10432–10913

Year	First	Last	Total
1953	10432	10511	80
1954	10512	10584	75
1955	10585	10649	66
1956	10650	10693	44
1957	10694	10747	55
1958	10748	10797	50
1959	10798	10857	60
1960	10858	10899	42
1961	10900	10913	14
Total	10432	10913	484

John F. Kennedy (1961–1963)

Administration of John F. Kennedy Executive Orders Disposition Tables^[16]

• 1961: Executive Order 10924: Established the Peace Corps.
• 1961: Executive Order 10925: Required government contractors to "take affirmative action" to ensure non-discriminatory employment practices. Created the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission

Executive Order 10924	Establishment of the Peace Corps John F. Kennedy's announcement of the establishment of the Peace Corps
Problems playing this file? See media help.

• 1962: Executive Order 10988 recognizes the right of federal workers to join employee organizations and bargain collectively
• 1962: Executive Order 10990 reestablished the Federal Safety Council
• 1962: Executive Order 11051 was revoked by Executive Order 12148: Specifies the duties and responsibilities of the Office of Emergency Planning and gives authorization to put ALL executive orders into effect in times deemed to be of increased international tension, economic crisis, and/or financial crisis
• 1963: Executive Order 11110: Delegating the authority to issue silver certificates under the Agricultural Adjustment Act of May 12, 1933 to the Secretary of the Treasury

Executive Orders 10914–11127

Year	First	Last	Total
1961	10914	10983	70
1962	10984	11072	89
1963	11073	11127	55
Total	10914	11127	214

Lyndon B. Johnson (1963–1969)

Administration of Lyndon B. Johnson Executive Orders Disposition Tables^[17]

EOs 11128–11451

• 1963: Executive Order 11129: Decreed on November 29, 1963 that the NASA Launch Operations Center (LOC), including facilities on Merritt Island and Cape Canaveral, would be renamed the John F. Kennedy Space Center, NASA. That name change officially took effect on December 20, 1963
• 1964: Executive Order 11130: Created Warren Commission to investigate the assassination of president Kennedy
• 1965: Executive Order 11246: Prohibited discrimination in employment decisions on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin
• 1966: Executive Order 11310: Assigned Emergency Preparedness Functions to the Attorney General

Richard Nixon (1969–1974)

Administration of Richard Nixon Executive Orders Disposition Tables^[18]

EOs 11452–11797

• 1969: Executive Order 11478: Prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, handicap, or age in the competitive service of the federal civilian workforce, which includes civilians employed by the armed forces and by federal contractors and contractors performing under federally assisted construction contracts.^[19] Some categories were added by Executive Order 13087 in 1998 and Executive Order 13152 in 2000.

Gerald R. Ford (1974–1977)

EOs 11798–11966

• 1975: Executive Order 11850: Renunciation of certain uses in war of chemical herbicides and riot control agents.
• 1976: Executive Order 11905: Outlawed the use of political assassination.^[20]
• 1976: Executive Order 11921: Allows the Federal Emergency Preparedness Agency to develop plans to establish control over the mechanisms of production, distribution, energy sources, wages, salaries, credit, and the flow of money.

Jimmy Carter (1977–1981)

Administration of Jimmy Carter Executive Orders Disposition Tables^[21]

EOs 11967–12286

• 1978: Executive Order 12036: Reformed the Intelligence Community and further banned assassination.
• 1979: Executive Order 12148: Established the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
• 1979: Executive Order 12170: Allows the freezing of all Iranian assets held within the United States
• 1979: Executive Order 12172: Iranian aliens delegation of entry into the United States

Ronald Reagan (1981–1989)

Administration of Ronald Reagan Executive Orders Disposition Tables^[22] EOs 12287–12667

• 1981: Executive Order 12333: Strengthened management of the United States Intelligence Community
• 1982: Executive Order 12372: Intergovernmental Review of federal programs
• 1987: Executive Order 12601: President's Commission on the HIV Epidemic
• 1988: Executive Order 12656: Assignment of Emergency Preparedness Responsibilities
• 1988: Executive Order 12631: Working Group on Financial Markets
• 1989: Executive Order 12667: Establishes procedure for access to Presidential Records. (Revoked by Executive Order 13233, November 1, 2001. Restored by Executive Order on January 21, 2009.)

George H.W. Bush (1989–1993)

Administration of George Bush Executive Orders Disposition Tables^[23]

Executive Orders 12668–12833

Year	First	Last	Total
1989	12668	12698	31
1990	12699	12741	43
1991	12742	12787	46
1992	12788	12827	40
1993	12828	12833	6
Total	12668	12833	166

Bill Clinton (1993–2001)

Administration of William J. Clinton Executive Orders Disposition Tables^[24]

Executive Orders 12834–13197

Year	First	Last	Total
1993	12834	12890	57
1994	12891	12944	54
1995	12945	12984	40
1996	12985	13033	49
1997	13034	13071	38
1998	13072	13109	38
1999	13110	13144	35
2000	13145	13185	41
2001	13186	13197	12
Total	12834	13197	364

George W. Bush (2001–2009)

Administration of George W. Bush Executive Orders Disposition Tables^[25]

Executive Orders 13198–13488

Year	First	Last	Total
2001	13198	13251	54
2002	13252	13282	31
2003	13283	13323	41
2004	13324	13368	45
2005	13369	13394	26
2006	13395	13421	27
2007	13422	13453	32
2008	13454	13483	30
2009	13484	13488	5
Total	13198	13488	291

Barack Obama (2009–present)

Administration of Barack Obama Executive Orders Disposition Tables^[26]

Executive Orders 13489 and higher

Year	First	Last	Total
2009	13489	13527	39
2010	13528	13562	35
2011	13563	13596	34
2012	13597	13634	38
2013	13635	13655	21
2014	13656	13686	31
2015	13687	13715	28
2016	13716	13723	8
Total	13489	13723	235

Grand total per 2016-03-15.

See also

• List of sources of law in the United States
• List of United States federal legislation
• National Security Directive

References

1. "Executive Orders Disposition Tables Index". Archives.gov. Retrieved 2013-12-10.
2. "Executive Orders". Presidency.ucsb.edu. 2013-07-20. Retrieved 2013-12-10.
3. "Executive Orders". Office of the Federal Register. Retrieved 2015-09-13.
4. "Chart of Presidents of the United States". www.jjmccullough.com. Retrieved 2016-06-15.
5. "Barack Obama Executive Orders Disposition Tables". National Archives. 2016-08-26. Retrieved 2016-11-29.
6. "Featured Document: The Emancipation Proclamation". www.archives.gov. Retrieved 2016-01-05.
7. "Complete Executive Orders by President Theodore Roosevelt".
8. "Permanent Force for the Panama Canal".
9. "National Academy of Sciences".
10. "Distinguished Flying Cross Authorization".
11. "Executive Orders Disposition Tables Index". National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). 2008-01-22.
12. "Administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt Executive Orders Disposition Tables".
13. "Administration of Harry S Truman Executive Orders Disposition Tables".
14. "Administration of Dwight D. Eisenhower Executive Orders Disposition Tables".
15. "Executive Order 10834--The flag of the United States".
16. "Administration of John F. Kennedy Executive Orders Disposition Tables".
17. "Administration of Lyndon B. Johnson Executive Orders Disposition Tables".
18. "Administration of Richard Nixon Executive Orders Disposition Tables".
19. "Executive Order 11478". Finduslaw.com. Retrieved 2013-12-10.
20. U.S. policy on assassinations. CNN.com 4 November 2002. Accessed 15 July 2009.
21. "Administration of Jimmy Carter Executive Orders Disposition Tables".
22. "Administration of Ronald Reagan Executive Orders Disposition Tables".
23. "Administration of George Bush Executive Orders Disposition Tables".
24. "Administration of William J. Clinton Executive Orders Disposition Tables".
25. "Administration of George W. Bush Executive Orders Disposition Tables".
26. "Administration of Barack Obama Executive Orders Disposition Tables".

External links

National Archives and Records Administration:

• Executive Orders
• Disposition Tables of Executive Orders
• Codification of Executive Orders
• About Executive Orders
• A list of Executive Orders related to national security, and their texts, can be found at:

• Federation of American Scientists Intelligence Resource Program

• A list of Obama administration executive orders can be found at:

• Executive Orders