List of endemic species of Taiwan

The endemic species of Taiwan are organisms that are endemic to the island of Taiwan— that is, they occur nowhere else on Earth.

Percentages of endemic animals of all living species in Taiwan.

Category	Total species	Endemic species (& ssp.)	Percentages
Mammals	70	45	64%
Birds	450	84	19%
Reptiles	85	27	32%
Amphibians	37	17	46%
Freshwater fishes	220	36	16%
Butterflies	400	50	13%
Total	1,257	252	20%

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Percentages of endemic plants of all living species in Taiwan.^[1]

Category	Total (native) species	Endemic species (& ssp.)	Percentages
Pteridophytes	629	72	11%
Gymnosperms	28	18	64%
Dicotyledons	2,410	750	31%
Monocotyledons	1,010	227	23%
Total	4,077	1,067	26%

Endemic mammals

Formosan serow Formosan macaque

• Order Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

1. Formosan serow – Naemorhedus swinhoei (Gray)

• Order Insectivora (shrews)

1. Formosan shrew – Soriculus fumidus Thomas
2. Tada's shrew – Crocidura tadae Tokuda & Kano
3. Koshun shrew – Soriculus sodalis Thomas

• Order Rodentia (rodents)

1. Formosan field vole – Apodemus semotus Thomas
2. Spinous country-rat – Niviventer coxingi (Swinhoe)
3. Formosan white-bellied rat – Niviventer culturatus (Thomas)
4. Kikuchi's field vole – Microtus kikuchii (Kuroda)

• Order Primate (primates)

1. Formosan macaque – Macaca cyclopis (Swinhoe)

• Order Chiroptera (bats)

1. Formosan long-eared bat – Plecotus taivanus Yoshiyuki
2. Formosan mouse-eared bat – Myotis taiwanensis Linde
3. Formosan tube-nosed bat – Murina puta Kishida
4. Yellow-necked bat – Arielulus torquatus Gabor & Lee
5. Formosan broad-muzzled bat – Myotis latirostris Kishida
6. Formosan leaf-nosed bat – Hipposideros terasensis Kisida
7. Formosan greater horseshoe bat – Rhinolophus formosae Sanborn
8. Formosan lesser horseshoe bat – Rhinolophus monoceros Andersen

Endemic birds

Taiwan blue magpie Taiwan whistling thrush Mikado pheasant

17 endemic bird species and another 60 endemic subspecies of Taiwan have been identified (out of a total of 569 bird species). The seventeen endemic species make up about 3% of all birds living in Taiwan.

• Order Passeriformes (passerines and relatives)

1. Yellow tit – Parus holsti Seebohm
2. White-whiskered laughingthrush – Garrulax morrisonianus (Ogilvie-Grant)
3. White-eared sibia – Heterophasia auricularis (Swinhoe)
4. Taiwan yuhina – Yuhina brunneiceps Ogilvie-Grant
5. Taiwan barwing – Actinodura morrisoniana Ogilvie-Grant
6. Steere's liocichla – Liocichla steerii Swinhoe
7. Taiwan blue magpie – Urocissa caerulea (Gould)
8. Styan's bulbul – Pycnonotus taivanus Styan
9. Taiwan whistling thrush – Myophonus insularis Gould
10. Collared bush robin – Tarsiger johnstoniae (Ogilvie-Grant)
11. Flamecrest – Regulus goodfellowi Ogilvie-Grant
12. Taiwan bush warbler – Bradypterus alishanensis
13. Taiwan hwamei – Garrulax taewanus

• Order Galliformes (chicken-like birds)

1. Taiwan hill partridge – Arborophila crudigularis (Swinhoe)
2. Mikado pheasant – Syrmaticus mikado (Ogilivie-Grant)
3. Swinhoe's pheasant – Lophura swinhoii (Gould)

• Order Piciformes (woodpeckers and relatives)

1. Taiwan barbet – Megalaima nuchalis

Endemic reptiles

• Order Squamata (lizards and snakes)

1. Formosan smooth skink – Scincella formosensis (Van Denburgh)
2. Taiwan forest skink – Sphenomorphus taiwanensis Chen & Lue
3. Lanyu scaly-toed gecko – Lepidodactylus yami Ota
4. Kikuchi's gecko – Gekko kikuchii (Oshima)
5. Lue's japalura – Japalura luei Ota, Chen & Shang
6. Maki's japalura – Japalura makii Ota
7. Swinhoe's japalura – Japalura swinhonis Gunther
8. Short-legged japalura – Japalura brevipes Gressitt
9. Formosan legless lizard – Ophisaurus formosensis Kishida
10. Formosan grass lizard – Takydromus formosanus Boulenger
11. Sauteri grass lizard – Takydromus sauteri Van Denburgh
12. Hsuehshan grass lizard – Takydromus hsueshanesis Lin & Cheng
13. Stejneger's grass lizard – Takydromus stejnegeri Van Denburgh
14. Hengchun blind snake – Typhlops koshunensis Oshima
15. Taiwan slug-eating snake – Pareas formosensis (Van Dengurgh)
16. Formosa odd-scaled snake – Achalinus formosanus Boulenger
17. Black odd-scaled snake – Achalinus niger Maki
18. Maki's keelback – Amphiesma miyajimae Maki
19. Swinhoe's grass snake – Phabdophis swinhonis (Gunther)
20. Formosa coral snake – Sinomicrurus sauteri (Steindachner)
21. Taiwan pit viper – Trimeresurus gracilis Oshima

Endemic amphibians

• Order Anura (frogs and toads)

1. Central Formosan toad – Bufo bankorensis
2. Stejneger's narrow-mouthed toad – Micryletta steinegeri
3. Swinhoe's brown frog — Odorrana swinhoana
4. Taipa frog — Rana longicrus
5. Sauter's brown frog — Rana sauteri
6. Robust Buerger's frog – Buergeria robusta
7. Temple treefrog – Kurixalus idiootocus
8. Farmland green treefrog – Rhacophorus arvalis
9. Orange-belly treefrog – Rhacophorus aurantiventris
10. Moltrecht's green tree frog – Rhacophorus moltrechti
11. Emerald green treefrog – Rhacophorus prasinatus
12. Taipei green treefrog – Rhacophorus taipeianus

• Order Urodela (salamanders and newts)

1. Alishan salamander – Hynobius arisanensis
2. Formosan salamander – Hynobius formosanus
3. Taiwan lesser salamander – Hynobius fuca
4. Nanhu salamander – Hynobius glacialis
5. Sonani's salamander – Hynobius sonani

Endemic freshwater fishes

Formosan landlocked salmon

• Order Cypriniformes (minnows and carp)

1. Taitung river loach – Hemimyzon taitungensis Tzeng et Shen
2. Formosan river loach – Hemimyzon formosanus (Boulenger)
3. Shen's river loach – Hemimyzon sheni Chen et Fang
4. River loach – Formosania lacustris (Steindachner)
5. Pulin river loach – Sinogastromyzon puliensis Liang
6. Rasborinus macrolepis (Regan) (extinct)
7. Pararasbora moltrechti Regan
8. Acrossocheilus paradoxus (Günther)
9. Lake Candidus dace – Candidia barbata (Regan)
10. Microphysogobio alticorpus Banarescu et Nalbant
11. Taiwan ku fish – Onychostoma alticorpus (Oshima)
12. Freshwater minnow – Opsariichthys pachycephalus Günther
13. Gobiobotia cheni Banarescu et Nalbant
14. Microphysogobio brevirostris (Günther)
15. Aphyocypris kikuchii (Oshima)
16. Squalidus iijimae (Oshima)

• Order Perciformes (perch-like fishes)

1. Goby – Rhinogobius gigas Aonuma et Chen
2. Goby – Rhinogobius formosanus Oshima
3. Goby – Cryptocentrus yatsui Tomiyama
4. Goby – Rhinogobius nantaiensis Aonuma et Chen
5. Goby – Rhinogobius henchuenensis Chen et Shao
6. Goby – Rhinogobius delicatus Chen et Shao
7. Goby – Rhinogobius maculafasciatus Chen et Shao
8. Goby – Rhinogobius rubromaculatus Lee et Chang
9. Goby – Myersina yangii (Chen) (extinct)
10. Goby – Rhinogobius lanyuensis Chen, Miller et Fang

• Order Siluriformes (catfishes)

1. Formosan trooent catfish – Liobagrus formosanus Regan
2. Bagrid catfish – Pseudobagrus adiposalis Oshima
3. Bagrid catfish – Pseudobagrus brevianalis Regan

• Order Osmeriformes (smelts, galaxiids, and relatives)

1. Ariake icefish – Salanx acuticeps Regan (extinct)

• Order Salmoniformes (salmons and trouts)

1. Formosan landlocked salmon – Oncorhynchus formosanus (Jordan et Oshima)

See also

• List of protected species in Taiwan
• Ecology of Taiwan
• Category:Endemic flora of Taiwan
• Category:Endemic fauna of Taiwan

References

1. Hsieh, C. F. (2002) Composition, endemism and phytogeographical affinities of the Taiwan Flora. Taiwania 47(4): 298-310.

External links

• Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute
• Taiwan Biodiversity National Information Network
• Taiwan Ecological Research Network
• Ecogrid project