List of state leaders in the 7th century

See also: List of political entities in the 7th century

State leaders in the 6th century – State leaders in the 8th century – State leaders by year

This is a list of state leaders in the 7th century (601–700) AD.

Africa: Northeast

Kingdom of Aksum (complete list) –

Gersem, King (c.600)
Armah, King (c.614)
Ashama ibn-Abjar, King (?–c.630)

Makuria (complete list) –

Merkurios, King (697–c.722)
Zacharias I, King (c.722)

America: Mesoamerica

Calakmul (complete list) –

Scroll Serpent, King (579–611)
Yuknoom Ti' Chan, King (619)
Tajoom Uk'ab K'ahk', King (622–630)
Yuknoom Head, King (630–636)
Yuknoom Ch'een II, King (636–686)
Yuknoom Yich'aak K'ahk', King (686–c.695)
Split Earth, King (c.695)

Copán (complete list) –

K'ak' Chan Yopaat, King (578–628)^[1]
Chan Imix K'awiil, King (628–695)
Uaxaclajuun Ub'aah K'awiil, King (695–738)

Palenque (complete list) –

Yohl Ik'nal, Queen (583–604)
Ajen Yohl Mat, Ajaw (605–612)
Janahb Pakal, Nobleman (c.612)
Sak K'uk', Queen (612–615)
K'inich Janaab Pakal I, Ajaw (615–683)
K'inich Kan Bahlam II, Ajaw (684–702)

Tikal (complete list) –

23rd Ruler, Ajaw (c.635)
24th Ruler, Ajaw (c.645)
Nuun Ujol Chaak, Ajaw (pre-657–c.679)
Jasaw Chan K'awiil I, Ajaw (682–734)

Asia

Asia: Central

Tibet (complete list) –

Tagbu Nyasig, King (579–619)
Namri Songtsen, King (?–629)
Songtsen Gampo, Emperor (618–649)
Gungsrong Gungtsen, Emperor (638–c.655)
Mangsong Mangtsen, Emperor (653–676)
Tridu Songtsen, Emperor (676–704)
Me Agtsom, Emperor (680–743)

Xueyantuo (complete list) –

Yiedie, Khan (600s–610s)
Zhenzhu, Khan (628–645)
Duomi, Khan (645–646)
Yitewushi, Khan (646)

Asia: East

Turks

Eastern Turkic Khaganate (complete list) –

Yami, Qaghan (603–609)
Shibi, Qaghan (611–619)
Chuluo, Qaghan (619–621)
Illig, Qaghan (620–630)
Qilibi, Qaghan (639–645)
Chebi, Qaghan (c.646–650)

Second Turkic Khaganate (complete list) –

Ilterish, Founder, Qaghan (681–694)
Qapaghan, Qaghan (694–716)

China: Sui dynasty

Sui dynasty (complete list) –

Wen, Emperor (581–604)
Yang, Emperor (604–618)^[2]
Gōngdì, Emperor (617–618)
Yang Tong, Emperor (618–619)

China: Tang dynasty

Tang dynasty (complete list) –

Gaozu, Emperor (618–626)
Taizong, Emperor (626–649)
Gaozong, Emperor (650–683)
Zhongzong, Emperor (684, 705–710)
Ruizong, Emperor (684–690, 710–712)

Zhou dynasty –

Wu Zetian, Empress regnant (690–705)

Japan

Japan, Asuka period (complete list) –

Suiko, Empress (592–628)
Jomei, Emperor (629–641)
Kōgyoku, Empress (642–645)
Kōtoku, Emperor (645–654)
Saimei, Empress (655–661)
Tenji, Emperor (661–672)
Kōbun, Emperor (672)
Tenmu, Emperor (672–686)
Jitō, Empress (686–697)
Monmu, Emperor (697–707)

Korea

Baekje (complete list) –

Beop, King (599–600)
Mu, King (600–641)
Uija, King (641–660)

Goguryeo (complete list) –

Yeong-yang, King (590–618)
Yeong-nyu, King (618–642)
Bojang, King (642–668)

Silla (complete list) –

Jinpyeong, King (579–632)
Seondeok, King (632–647)
Jindeok, King (647–654)
Muyeol, King (654–661)

Later Silla (complete list) –

Munmu, King (661–681)
Sinmun, King (681–691)
Hyoso, King (692–702)

Balhae (complete list) –

Go, King (698–719)

Asia: Southeast

Chenla Kingdom (complete list) –

Bhavavarman I, King (c.550-590)
Mohendravarman, King (c.590–611)
Isanavarman I, King (616–637)
Bhavavarman II, King (639–657)
Jayavarman I, King (c.657–681/690)
Jayavedi, Queen (c.681–713)

Asia: South

Chalukya Empire –

Mangalesha, Regent (597–609)
Pulakeshin II, King (609–642)
Vikramaditya I, King (655–680)
Vinayaditya, King (680 –696)
Vijayaditya, King (696–733)

Western Ganga dynasty (complete list) –

Mushkara, King (579–604)
Polavira, King (604–629)
Srivikrama, King (629–654)
Bhuvikarma, King (654–679)
Shivamara I, King (679–726)

Pallava Kingdom –

The Pallava dynasty has two chronologies of rulers.
Mahendravarman I, King (6th/7th century)^[3]
Narasimhavarman I, King (630–668)^[3]
Mahendravarman II, King (668–672)
Paramesvaravarman I, King (late 7th century)^[3]

Empire of Harsha –

Harsha, King (c.606–c.647)

Sri Lanka

Anuradhapura Kingdom, Sri Lanka (complete list) –

Aggabodhi II, King (598–608)
Sangha Tissa II, King (608–608)
Moggallana III, King (608–614)
Silameghavanna, King (614–623)
Aggabodhi III, King (623–623)
Jettha Tissa III, King (623–624)
Aggabodhi III, King (624–640)
Dathopa Tissa I, King (640–652)
Kassapa II, King (652–661)
Dappula I, King (661–664)
Dathopa Tissa II, King (664–673)
Aggabodhi IV, King (673–689)
Unhanagara Hatthadatha, King (691–691)
Manavanna, King (691–726)

Asia: West

Turks

Western Turkic Khaganate (complete list) –

Niri, Qaghan of the Apa line (c.600)
Heshana, Qaghan (603–611)
Sheguy, Qaghan (611–618)
Tong Yabghu, Qaghan (618–628)
Külüg Sibir, Qaghan (630–631)
Irbis Bolun Cabgu, Qaghan (631–633)
Dulu, Qaghan (633–634)
Ishbara Tolis, Qaghan (634–638)
Yukuk Shad, Qaghan (638–642)
Irbis Seguy, Qaghan (642–651)
Ashina Helu, Qaghan (651–658)

Persia

Persia, Sasanian Empire (complete list) –

Khosrow II, Shahanshah, King of Kings (591–628)
Vistahm,§ Shahanshah, King of Kings (591–596)
Kavadh II, Shahanshah, King of Kings (628)
Ardashir III, Shahanshah, King of Kings (628–629)
Shahrbaraz,§ Shahanshah, King of Kings (629)
Khosrow III,§ Shahanshah, King of Kings (629)
Borandukht, Shahanshah, King of Kings (629–630)
Shapur-i Shahrvaraz,§ Shahanshah, King of Kings (630)
Peroz II,§ Shahanshah, King of Kings (630)
Azarmidokht, Shahanshah, King of Kings (630–631)
Farrukh Hormizd,§ Shahanshah, King of Kings (630–631)
Hormizd VI,§ Shahanshah, King of Kings (630–631)
Khosrow IV,§ Shahanshah, King of Kings (631)
Farrukhzad Khosrau V,§ Shahanshah, King of Kings (631)
Boran, Shahanshah, King of Kings (631–632)
Yazdegerd III, Shahanshah, King of Kings (632–651)

Islam

Muslims –

Muhammad, Prophet (c.610–632)

Rashidun Caliphate (complete list) –

Abu Bakr, Caliph (632–634)
Umar, Caliph (634–644)
Uthman, Caliph (644–656)
Ali, Caliph (656–661)

Hasan ibn Ali's Caliphate (complete list) –

Hasan ibn Ali, Caliph (661)

Umayyad Caliphate (complete list) –

Muawiyah I, Caliph (661 — 680)
Yazid I, Caliph (680–683)
Muawiya II, Caliph (683–684 )
Marwan I, Caliph (684–685)
Abd al-Malik, Caliph (685–705)

Dabuyid dynasty of Tabaristan (complete list) –

Gil Gavbara, Spahbed (642–660)
Dabuya, Spahbed (660–712)

Europe

Europe: Balkans

First Bulgarian Empire (complete list) –

Asparukh, Khan (late 7th century)
Tervel, Khan (7th–8th century)

Byzantine Empire (complete list) –

Maurice, Emperor (582–602)
Theodosius, Co-Emperor (590–602)
Phocas, Emperor (602–610)
Heraclius, Emperor (610–641)
Constantine III

Co-Emperor (613–641)
Emperor (641)

Heraklonas, Emperor

Co-Emperor (641)
Emperor (641)

Constans II, Emperor (641–668)
Constantine IV

Co-Emperor (654–668)
Emperor (668–685)

Heraclius, Co-Emperor (659–681)
Tiberius, Co-Emperor (659–681)
Justinian II

Co-Emperor (681–685)
Emperor, 1st reign (685–695)
Emperor, 2nd reign (705–711)

Leontios, Emperor (695–698)
Tiberios III, Emperor (698–705)
Justinian II

Co-Emperor (668–685)
Emperor, 1st reign (685–695)
Emperor, 2nd reign (705–711)

Europe: British Isles

Great Britain: Scotland

Dál Riata (complete list) –

Áedán mac Gabráin, King (?–c.606)
Eochaid Buide, King (?–c.629)
Connad Cerr, King (?–c.629)
Domnall Brecc, King (?–c.642)
Ferchar mac Connaid, King (unknown)
Dúnchad mac Conaing, King (?–c.654)
Conall Crandomna, King (?–c.660)
Domangart mac Domnaill, King (?–c.660)
Máel Dúin mac Conaill, King (?–c.689)
Domnall Donn, King (?–c.696)
Ferchar Fota, King (?–c.697)
Eochaid mac Domangairt, King (unknown)
Ainbcellach mac Ferchair, King (?–c.698)
Fiannamail ua Dúnchado, King (?–700)

Picts (complete list) –

Nechtan nepos Uerb, King (595–616)
Cinioch, King (616–631)
Gartnait III, King (631–635)
Bridei II, King (635–641)
Talorc III, King (641–653)
Talorgan I, King (653–657)
Gartnait IV, King (657–663)
Drest VI, King (663–672)
Bridei III, King (672–693)
Taran, King (693–697)
Bridei IV, King (697–706)
Nechtan, King (706–724, 728–729)

Kingdom of Strathclyde / Alt Clut (complete list) –

Rhydderch Hael, King, (fl.573–612)
Neithon / Nechtan / Nwython, King (612–621)
Beli I, King (621–633)
Eugein I, King (633–645)
Guret, King (645–658)
Mermin, King (?–682)
Elfin(?–693)
Dumnagual II, King (693–694)
Beli II, King (694–722)

Great Britain: Northumbria

Bernicia (complete list) –

Æthelfrith, King (593–616)
Edwin, King (616–632)
Eanfrith, King (632–633)
Oswald, King (634–641)
Oswiu, King (642–670)

Deira (complete list) –

Æthelric, King (589–604)
Æthelfrith, King (604–616)
Edwin, King (616–632)
Osric, King (633–634)
Oswald, King (634–642)
Oswiu, King (642–644)
Oswine, King (644–651)
Œthelwald, King (651–654)
Oswiu, King (654–670)
Alchfrith, Co-King (656–664)
Ælfwine, King (670–679)

Kingdom of Northumbria (complete list) –

Oswiu, King (642–670)
Ecgfrith, King (670–685)
Ealdfrith, King (685–704/705)

Great Britain: England

The Britons (complete list) –

Selyf ap Cynan, King (?–c.613)
Ceretic of Elmet, King (c.614–617)
Cadwallon ap Cadfan, King (?–634)
Idris, King (?–635)
Eugein I of Alt Clut, King (c.642)
Cadwaladr, King (c.654–c.664)
Geraint, King (c.670–c.710)

Dumnonia (complete list) –

Bledric ap Custennin, King (c.598–c.613)
Clemen ap Bledric, King (c.613–c.633)
Petroc Baladrddellt, King (c.633–c.654)
Culmin ap Petroc, King (c.659–c.661)
Donyarth ap Culmin, King (c.661–c.700)
Geraint of Dumnonia, King (c.700–c.710)

Kingdom of East Anglia (complete list) –

Rædwald, King (593–624)
Eorpwald, King (625–627)
Ricberht, King (c.627–630)
Sigeberht, Co-King (c.629–c.634)
Ecgric, Co-King (c.630–c.636)
Anna, King (c.636–654)
Æthelhere, King (653/654–655)
Æthelwold, King (c.654–664)
Ealdwulf, King (663–c.713)

Kingdom of Essex (complete list) –

Sledd, King (587–604)
Sæberht, Co-King (604–616/617)
Sexred, Co-King (616/617–617)
Sæward, Co-King (616/617–617)
Sigeberht I (the Little), King (617–653)
Sigeberht II (the Good), King (653–660)
Swithhelm, King (660–664)
Sighere, Co-King (664–683)
Sæbbi, Co-King (664–694)
Sigeheard, Co-King (694–709)
Swæfred, Co-King (694–709)

Kingdom of Kent (complete list) –

Æthelberht I, King (c.590–616)
Eadbald, King (616–640)
Eorcenberht, King (640–664)
Eormenred, King (unknown)
Ecgberht I, King (664–673)
Hlothhere, King (674/675–685)
Eadric, King (685–686)
Mul, King (killed 687)
Swæfheard, King (687/688–post–692)
Swæfberht, King (fl. 689)
Oswine, King (fl. 689–690)
Wihtred, King (c.693–725)

Mercia (complete list –

Creoda, King (c.585–593 )
Pybba, King (c.593–606/615)
Cearl, King (?–c.626)
Eowa, King (c.626–642)
Penda, King (c.626–655)
Peada, King (655–656)
Oswiu, King (c.657)
Wulfhere, King (658–675)
Æthelred I, King (675–704)

Kingdom of Sussex (complete list) –

Æðelwealh, King (fl. c.660–c.685)
Eadwulf, King (fl. c.683)
Ecgwald, King (fl. c.683–c.685)
Berhthun, King (fl. 685)
Andhun, King (fl. 685)
Noðhelm, King (fl. 692–717)
Watt, King (fl. 692–c.700)
Bryni, King (fl. c.700)

Kingdom of Wessex (complete list) –

Ceolwulf, King (597–611)
Cynegils, King (611–643)
Cwichelm, King (c.626–636)
Cenwalh, King (643–645, 648–674)
Penda of Mercia, King (645–648)
Seaxburh, King (672–674)
Æscwine, King (674–676)
Centwine, King (676–685)
Cædwalla, King (685–688)
Ine, King (688–726)

Great Britain: Wales

Kingdom of Gwynedd (complete list) –

Iago ap Beli, King (c.599–c.616)
Cadfan ap Iago, King (c.613–c.625)
Cadwallon ap Cadfan, King (c.625–634)
Cadafael Cadomedd ap Cynfeddw, King (634–c.655)
Cadwaladr, King (c.655–c.682)
Idwal Roebuck, King (c.682–c.720)

Kingdom of Powys (complete list) –

Cynan Garwyn, King (582–610)
Selyf ap Cynan, King (610–613)
Manwgan ap Selyf, King (613)
Eiludd Powys, King (613–?)
Beli ap Eiludd, King (655)
Gwylog ap Beli, King (695–725)

Ireland

Ireland (complete list) –

Áed Uaridnach, High King (601–607)
Máel Coba mac Áedo, High King (608–610)
Suibne Menn, High King (611–623)
Domnall mac Áedo, High King (624–639)
Cellach and Conall, High Kings (640–656)
Diarmait and Blathmac, High Kings (657–664)
Sechnassach, High King (665–669)
Cenn Fáelad, High King (670–673)
Fínsnechta Fledach, High King (674–693)
Loingsech mac Óengusso, High King (694–701)

Connachta (complete list) –

Muiredach Muillethan, King (697–702)

Leinster (complete list) –

Cellach Cualann, King (693–715)

Uí Maine (complete list) –

Seachnasach, King (691–711)

Ulaid / Ulster (complete list) –

Bécc Bairrche mac Blathmaic, King (692–707)

Europe: Central

Old Saxony (complete list) –

Berthoald, Duke (fl.622)

Europe: East

Old Great Bulgaria –

Kubrat, Khan (632–665)
Batbayan, Khan (665–668)

Volga Bulgaria (complete list) –

Kotrag, Potentate (675–710)

Khazar Khaganate (complete list) –

Ashina dynasty: Khazar Khagans

Ziebel, Khagan (618–630)
Böri Shad, Khagan (630–650)
Irbis, Khagan (650)
Khalga, Khagan (mid 660s)
Kaban, Khagan (late 660s)
Busir, Khagan (c.690–715)

Khazar Beks

Chorpan Tarkhan, Bek (c.630)

Utigurs –

Organa, Kavkhan, Regent for Kubrat (617–630)
Gostun, Kavkhan, Regent for Kubrat (c.630)

Europe: Nortic

Sweden (complete list) –

Sölve, King (late 6th–early 7th century)
Ingvar, King (early 7th century)
Anund, King (early–mid 7th century)
Ingjald, King (mid 7th century)
Ivar Vidfamne, King (c.655–c.695)

Europe: South

Principality of Benevento (complete list) –

Zotto, Duke (571–591)
Arechis I, Duke (591–641)
Aiulf I, Duke (641–642)^[4]
Radoald, Duke (642–647)^[5]
Grimoald I, Duke (647–662)
Romoald I, Duke (662–687)^[5]
Grimoald II, Duke (687–689)^[5]
Gisulf I, Duke (689–706)^[5]

Lombards (complete list) –

Agilulf, King (590–616)
Adaloald, King (616–626)
Arioald, King (626–636)
Rothari, King (636–652)
Rodoald, King (652–653)
Aripert I, King (653–661)
Godepert, King (661–662)
Perctarit, King (661–662)
Grimoald, King (662–671)
Garibald, King (671)
Perctarit, King (671–688)
Cunipert, King (688–689)
Alahis, King (689)
Cunipert, King (689–700)

Republic of Venice (complete list) –

Paolo Lucio Anafesto, Doge (697–717)

Europe: Southwest

Visigothic Kingdom (complete list) –

Liuva II, King (601–603)
Witteric, King (603–610)
Gundemar, King (610–612)
Sisebut, King (612–621)
Reccared II, King (621)
Suintila, King (621–631)
Reccimer, King (626–631)
Sisenand, King (631–636)
Iudila (632–633)
Chintila, King (636–640)
Tulga, King (640–641)
Chindasuinth, King (641–653)
Recceswinth, King (649–672)
Froia, King (653)
Wamba, King (672–680)
Hilderic, King (672)
Paul, King (672–673)
Erwig, King (680–687)
Egica, King (687–702)
Suniefred, King (693)
Wittiza, King (694–710)

Europe: West

Frisian Kingdom (complete list) –

Audulf, King (c.600)
Adgillus I, King (?–680)
Redbad, King (678–719)

Franks

Frankish Empire –

Kings (complete list) –

Theudebert II, King (595–612)
Theuderic II, King (612–613)
Sigebert II, King (613)
Chilperic I, King (561–584)
Chlothar II the Great, King (584–623)
Dagobert I, King (623–634)
Charibert II, King (629–632)
Chilperic, King (632)
Sigebert III, King (634–656)
Childebert the Adopted, King (656–661)
Clovis II, King (639–657)
Chlothar III, King (657–673)
Childeric II, King (662–675)
Theuderic III, King (675–691)
Dagobert II, King (675–679)
Clovis IV, King (691–695)
Childebert III, King (695–711)

Mayors of the Palace (complete list) –

Pepin I, Mayor of the Palace (623–629, 639–640)
Adalgisel, Mayor of the Palace (629–639)
Otto, Mayor of the Palace (640–642/643)
Grimoald the Elder, Mayor of the Palace (642/643–656)
Wulfoald, Mayor of the Palace (656–680)
Pepin II of Herstal

Mayor of the Palace (680–714)
Duke and Prince of the Franks (687–714)

Austrasia of the Franks (complete list) –

Theudebert II, King (595–612)
Theuderic II, King (612–613)
Sigebert II, King (613)
Chlothar II, King (613–623)
Dagobert I, King (623–634)
Sigebert III, King (634–656/660)
Childebert the Adopted, King (656–661)
Chlothar III, King (661–662)
Childeric II, King (662–675)
Clovis III, King (675–676)
Theuderic III, King (679–691)
Clovis IV, King (691–695)
Childebert III, King (695–711)

Neustria of the Franks (complete list) –

Clotaire II, King (584–629)
Dagobert I, King ((634–639)
Clovis II, King ((639–655)
Chlothar III, King (655–673)
Theuderic III, King (673)
Childeric II, King ((673–675)
Theuderic III, King ((675–691)
Clovis IV, King (691–695)
Childebert III, King (695–711)

Kingdom of Burgundy (complete list) -

Theuderic II (595–613), also King of Austrasia
Sigebert II (613), also King of Austrasia

Aquitaine (complete list) –

Chram, Duke (555–560)
Desiderius, Duke (583–587)
Bladast, Duke (583–587)
Gundoald, usurper King (584/585)
Austrovald, Duke (587–589)
Sereus, Duke (589–592)
Charibert II, King (629–632)
Chilperic, King (632)
Boggis, Duke (c.632–660)
Felix, Duke (c.660–670)
Lupus I, Duke (c.670–676)
Odo the Great, Duke (c.688–c.735)

Eurasia: Caucasus

Arminiya (complete list) –

Muhammad ibn Marwan, Emir (c.695–705)

Principality of Iberia (complete list) –

Guaram I, Prince (588–c.590)
Stephen I, Prince (c.590–627)
Adarnase I, Prince (627–637/642)
Stephen II, Prince (637/642–c.650)
Adarnase II, Prince ( c.650–684)
Guaram II, Prince ( 684–c.693)
Guaram III, Prince (c.693–c.748)

Principality of Kakheti (complete list) –

Adarnase I, Prince (c.580–637)
Stephanus I, also prince of Iberia, Prince (637–650)
Adarnase II, prince of Iberia, Prince (650–684)
Stephanus II, Prince (685–736)

References

↑ Sharer & Traxler 2006, p. 337.
↑ In 617, the rebel general Li Yuan (the later Emperor Gaozu of Tang) declared Emperor Yang's grandson Yang You emperor (as Emperor Gong) and "honored" Emperor Yang as Taishang Huang (retired emperor) at the western capital Daxing (Chang'an), but only the commanderies under Li's control recognized this change; for the other commanderies under Sui control, Emperor Yang was still regarded as emperor, not as retired emperor. After news of Emperor Yang's death in 618 reached Daxing and the eastern capital Luoyang, Li Yuan deposed Emperor Gong and took the throne himself, establishing the Tang dynasty, but the Sui officials at Luoyang declared Emperor Gong's brother Yang Tong (later also known as Emperor Gong during the brief reign of Wang Shichong over the region as the emperor of a brief Zheng (鄭) state) emperor. Meanwhile, Yuwen Huaji, the general under whose leadership the plot to kill Emperor Yang was carried out, declared Emperor Wen's grandson Yang Hao emperor but killed Yang Hao later in 618 and declared himself emperor of a brief Xu (許) state. As Yang Hao was completely under Yuwen's control and only "reigned" briefly, he is not usually regarded as a legitimate emperor of Sui, while Yang Tong's legitimacy is more recognized by historians but still disputed.
1 2 3 Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 41–42. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
↑ Andrea Bedina, "Grimoaldo, re dei Longobardi", Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, 59 (Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 2003).
1 2 3 4 Wickham (1981), 224–25.

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