List of sunken nuclear submarines

Nine nuclear submarines have sunk as a consequence of either accident or extensive damage: two from the United States Navy (USN), five from the Soviet Navy (one of which sank twice), and two from the Russian Navy. Only three were lost with all hands: the two from the United States Navy (129 and 99 lives lost) and one from the Russian Navy (118 lives lost), accounting for the three largest losses of life in a submarine. All sank as a result of accident except for K-27, which was scuttled in the Kara Sea when proper decommissioning was considered too expensive. The Soviet submarine K-129 carried nuclear ballistic missiles when it was lost with all hands, but as it was a diesel-electric submarine, it is not included in the list.

The two USN submarines belonged to Submarine Force Atlantic, in the U.S. Atlantic Fleet. All five of the Soviet/Russian submarines that remain sunken belonged to the Northern Fleet, while the refloated K-429 was in the Pacific Fleet.

The location of sunken nuclear submarines in the Atlantic

Of the nine sinkings, two were caused by fires, two by explosions of their weapons systems, two by flooding, one by bad weather, and one by scuttling due to a damaged nuclear reactor. Only the USS Scorpion's reason for sinking is unknown. Eight of the submarines are underwater wrecks in the Northern Hemisphere, five in the Atlantic Ocean and three in the Arctic Ocean. The ninth submarine, K-429, was raised and returned to active duty after both of its sinkings.

United States

Thresher (SSN-593), the first submarine in its class, sank April 10, 1963 during deep-diving trials after flooding, loss of propulsion, and an attempt to blow the emergency ballast tanks failed, causing it to exceed crush depth. All 129 on board died, including shipyard personnel supporting the deep-diving tests. Location: 350 km (190 nmi) east of Cape Cod.
Scorpion (SSN-589), a Skipjack-class submarine, sank May 22, 1968, evidently due to implosion upon reaching its crush depth. What caused the Scorpion to descend to its crush depth is not known. All 99 men on board died. Location: 740 kilometres (400 nmi) southwest of the Azores.

Years after the Scorpion incident, information was released by the Navy that a bad battery attached to a torpedo exploded with a sufficient charge to ignite the torpedo's charge. When investigated years later by subsea observation, the determination was the hull was breached by explosion - not an implosion. The Navy knew this was the probable cause from the time the tragedy occurred, but did not release the information - even to its own investigators. A communique' was sent to the Scorpion while she was in Naples, Italy just days before the event, warning the crew about the dangerous battery onboard. Apparently, the teletype message was not received or was misplaced as half the crew were on "Liberty". Before the catastrophic event, rigorous vibration testing revealed the explosive characteristics of the batteries.

Soviet Union

K-27

K-141

K-159

The location of sunken nuclear submarines in the Arctic

K-27: The only Project 645 submarine (a variant of the Project 627 November-class sub, with liquid metal cooled reactors), K-27 was decommissioned in 1979. On September 6, 1982, the Soviet Navy scuttled it in shallow water (108 ft (33 m)) in the Kara Sea after sealing the reactor compartment.^[1] This sinking in shallow water was contrary to the recommendation of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).^[2]
K-8: A Project 627 November-class sub was lost on April 11, 1970 while being towed in rough seas following a fire on board. The submarine's crew was initially evacuated to a surface vessel, but 52 re-boarded the surfaced submarine for a towing operation. All 52 sailors died when the submarine flooded and sank, for total losses of 60 crew when counting the 8 who perished on April 8 in the initial fire.^[1] Location: Bay of Biscay, 490 kilometres (260 nmi) northwest of Spain in the North Atlantic Ocean.
K-219: A Project 667A Yankee I-class sub was damaged by a fire in a missile tube and explosion on October 3, 1986. It then sank suddenly while being towed after all surviving crewmen had transferred off. Six crew members were killed. Location: 950 kilometres (510 nmi) east of Bermuda in the North Atlantic Ocean.
K-278 Komsomolets: The only Mike-class sub built sank due to a raging fire April 7, 1989. All but five crewmen evacuated prior to sinking. A total of 42 crew died, many from smoke inhalation and exposure to the cold waters of the Barents Sea, while 27 crew members survived.
K-429: A Project 670A Charlie I-class sub sank twice, once at sea from flooding during a test dive then, two years later, from flooding at her moorings. A total of 16 crew lost their lives in the first incident. Raised after each sinking, K-429 was decommissioned two years after second incident.

Russia

K-141 Kursk: The Oscar II class sub sank in the Barents Sea on August 12, 2000 after an explosion in the torpedo compartment. See Kursk submarine disaster. All 118 men on board were lost. All except the bow section was salvaged.
K-159: Left to rust for 14 years after being decommissioned, this Soviet-era November-class sub sank in the Barents Sea on August 28, 2003, when a storm ripped away the pontoons necessary to keep it afloat under tow. Of the ten man salvage crew on board, nine men died in the accident.

References

1 2 Podvodnye Lodki Rossii (in Russian), Sankt Peterburg, 1996 (Published jointly by Ministry of Defense Central Scientific-Research Institute No. 1 and the Rubin Central Marine Equipment Design Bureau)
↑ http://www.rg.ru/anons/arc_2000/1125/hit.shtm

General

American Society of Safety Engineers. Journal of Professional Safety. "Submarine Accidents: A 60-Year Statistical Assessment." C. Tingle. Sept. 2009. Pages 31–39. Ordering full article: https://www.asse.org/professionalsafety/indexes/2009.php; or Reproduction less graphics/tables: http://www.allbusiness.com/government/government-bodies-offices-government/12939133-1.html.

Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents

Main accident lists	List of attacks on nuclear plants List of Chernobyl-related articles List of crimes involving radioactive substances List of criticality accidents and incidents List of nuclear meltdown accidents List of Milestone nuclear explosions List of military nuclear accidents List of nuclear and radiation accidents List of nuclear and radiation accidents by death toll List of nuclear weapons tests List of sunken nuclear submarines

Lists by country	List of canceled nuclear plants in the United States List of inquiries into uranium mining in Australia List of nuclear and radiation fatalities by country List of nuclear power accidents by country List of nuclear reactors by country List of nuclear test sites List of nuclear weapon test locations List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union List of nuclear weapons tests of the United States

Individual accidents and sites	2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster 2001 Instituto Oncologico Nacional#Accident 1996 San Juan de Dios radiotherapy accident 1990 Clinic of Zaragoza radiotherapy accident 1987 Goiânia accident 1986 Chernobyl disaster and Chernobyl disaster effects 1979 Three Mile Island accident and Three Mile Island accident health effects 1969 Lucens reactor 1962 Thor missile launch failures at Johnston Atoll under Operation Fishbowl 1962 Cuban missile crisis 1961 K-19 nuclear accident 1961 SL-1 nuclear meltdown 1957 Kyshtym disaster 1957 Windscale fire 1957 Operation Plumbbob 1954 Totskoye nuclear exercise Bikini Atoll Hanford Site Rocky Flats Plant 1945 Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Related topics	Books about nuclear issues Films about nuclear issues Anti-war movement Bikini Atoll Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists France and weapons of mass destruction History of the anti-nuclear movement International Day against Nuclear Tests Nuclear close calls Nuclear-Free Future Award Nuclear-free zone Nuclear power debate Nuclear power phase-out Nuclear weapons debate Peace activists Peace movement Peace camp Russell–Einstein Manifesto Smiling Sun

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List of sunken nuclear submarines

United States

Soviet Union

Russia

See also

References