Instruments used in general surgery

Surgical instruments can be generally divided into six classes by function. These classes are:

1. Cutting instruments
2. Grasping or holding instruments
3. Haemostatic forceps (instruments used to stop blood flow)
4. Retractors
5. Clamps and distractors
6. Accessories and implants

Instruments used in general surgery are:^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] [8][9][10] [11][12][13]}

Instrument class	Image	Uses	Specific instruments
Articulator			Galotti articulator
Bone chisel		Cutting instrument
Cottle cartilage crusher
Bone cutter		To cut the bone
Bone distractor		Clamps and distractors
Ilizarov apparatus		Accessories and implants
Intramedullary kinetic bone distractor		Clamps and distractors
Bone drill		To drill inside the bone
Bone lever		Accessories and implants
Bone mallet		Accessories
Bone rasp		Cutting instruments
Bone saw		Cutting instruments
Bone skid
Bone splint
Bone button
Caliper		Accessories and implants	Castroviejo caliper
Cannula		Accessories and implants	Spackmann Cannula
Cautery		Accessories and implants
Curette		for scraping or debriding biological tissue or debris in a biopsy, excision, or cleaning procedure Cutting instrument
Depressor
Dilator		Accessories and implants
Dissecting knife		cutting instrument
surgical Pinzette		Grasping/holding
Dermatome		cutting instrument
Forceps, Dissecting		Grasping/holding	Adson
Forceps, Tissue		Grasping/holding	Allis Babcock
Forceps (Other)			Sponge Forceps
Acanthulus or Acanthabolos		Thorn removal
Bone forceps		Grasping/holding
Carmalt forceps		haemostatic forceps	kalabasa
Cushing forceps		grasping/holding	Non-toothed dissecting forceps
Dandy forceps		haemostatic forceps
DeBakey forceps		grasping/holding	Non-toothed dissecting forceps designed for use on blood vessels
Doyen intestinal clamp		clamps and distractors	Non-crushing clamp designed for use on the intestines
Epilation forceps
Halstead forceps		haemostatic forceps
Kelly forceps		haemostatic forceps
Kocher forceps		haemostatic forceps
Mosquito forceps		haemostatic forceps
Hook		retractor
Nerve hook		retractor
Obstetrical hook		retractor
Skin hook		retractor
Lancet (scalpel)		cutting
Luxator
Lythotome
Lythotript
Mallet
Partsch mallet
Mammotome
Needle holder		grasping/holding	Castroviejo Crilewood Mayo-Hegar Olsen-Hegar
Occluder
Osteotome		cutting
Epker osteotome		cutting
Periosteal elevator		cutting
Joseph elevator		cutting
Molt periosteal elevator		cutting
Obweg periosteal elevator		cutting
Septum elevator		cutting
Tessier periosteal elevator		cutting
Probe
Retractor		retractor
Deaver retractor		retractor
Gelpi retractor		retractor
Weitlaner retractor		retractor
USA-Army/Navy retractor		retractor
O'Connor-O'Sullivan		retractor
Mathieu Retractor		retractor
Jackson Tracheal Hook		retractor
Crile Retractor		retractor
Meyerding Finger Retractor		retractor
Little Retractor		retractor
Love Nerve Retractor		retractor
Green Retractor		retractor
Goelet Retractor		retractor
Cushing Vein Retractor			retractor
Langenbeck Retractor		retractor
Richardson Retractor		retractor
Richardson-Eastmann Retractor		retractor
Kelly Retractor		retractor
Parker Retractor		retractor
Parker-Mott Retractor		retractor
Roux Retractor		retractor
Mayo-Collins Retractor		retractor
Ribbon Retractor		retractor
Alm Retractor		retractor
Self Retaining Retractors			West, Travers and Norfolk & Norwich
Weitlaner Retractor
Beckman-Weitlaner Retractor
Beckman-Eaton Retractor
Beckman Retractor
Adson Retractor
Rib spreader
Rongeur		cutting instrument
Ultrasonic scalpel		cutting
Laser scalpel		cutting
Scissors		cutting
Iris scissors		cutting
Kiene scissors		cutting
Metzenbaum scissors		To dissect soft tissue, etc.	cutting
Mayo scissors		To cut suture, etc.	cutting
Tenotomy scissors		cutting
Spatula
Speculum		retractor
Mouth speculum		retractor
Rectal speculum		retractor
Sim's vaginal speculum		retractor
Cusco's vaginal speculum		retractor
Sponge bowl		accessories and implants
Sterilization tray		accessories and implants
Sternal saw		cutting
Suction tube		accessories and implants
Surgical elevator
Surgical hook		retractor
Surgical knife
Surgical mesh		accessories and implants
Surgical needle		accessories and implants
Surgical snare
Surgical sponge
Surgical spoon
Surgical stapler		accessories and implants
Surgical tray
Suture
Tongue depressor
Tonsillotome
Towel clamp		clamp
Towel forceps		clamp
Backhaus towel forceps
Lorna towel forceps
Tracheotome
Tissue expander		accessories and implant
Subcutaneous inflatable balloon expander		accessories and implants
Trephine		cutting instrument
Trocar		cutting instrument
Ultrasonic cavitation device		surgical device using low frequency ultrasound energy to dissect or fragment tissues with low fiber content

References

1. Living with an Ilizarov/Taylor Spatial Frame UK newspaper article
2. ilizarov.com (English)
3. Children with Tracheostomies Resource Guide, by Marilyn K. Kertoy, p. 15 (Google book search)
4. Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary
5. Rob Toreki (1 December 2004). "Cannulas". The Glassware Gallery. Interactive Learning ←Paradigms Incorporated.
6. Practical approach to nephrostomy
7. See Mr R McElroy for details of various operations and the unintended effects of chemical cauterization
8. Ring, Malvin (July 2001). "How a Dentist's Name Became a Synonym for a Life-saving Device: The Story of Dr. Charles Stent". Journal of the History of Dentistry. 49 (2): 77–80. PMID 11484317. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
9. How do they get the hole through a hypodermic needle?
10. Bonfils-Roberts, E (May 1972). "The Rib Spreader: A Chapter in the History of Thoracic Surgery" (PDF). Chest. 61 (5): 469–474. doi:10.1378/chest.61.5.469. ISSN 0012-3692. PMID 4558402. Retrieved 2008-04-22.
11. "General Instrument Sourcebook - KMedic" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-02-10.
12. Bailey & Love’s SHORT PRACTICE OF SURGERY (23rd ed.). ISBN 0-340-75949-6.
13. Gould, George M. (1934). Gould's Pocket Pronouncing Medical Dictionary (10th (rev) ed.). P. Blakiston's Son & Co., Inc.