List of viral music videos

This is a partial list of viral music videos, that gained rapid attention on the Internet. Like Internet memes, viewership of such videos tend to grow rapidly and become more widespread because the instant communication facilitates word of mouth.

This list documents music videos known to have become viral; other viral videos can be found at list of viral videos with additional videos that have become Internet phenomena for other categories can be found at list of Internet phenomena.

Major music videos

These videos are official music videos from various artists that have gained viral popularity after their release.

Psy's "Gangnam Style" video has been the most-watched video on YouTube as of November 2012.

• "Ai Se Eu Te Pego" - A Brazilian song made popular by the Brazilian singer Michel Teló during the height of the Música sertaneja craze and the international success of the song with main release getting more than 700 million views.^[1]
• "Crank That (Soulja Boy)" - Debut single by American rapper Soulja Boy Tellem and is accompanied by the "Soulja Boy dance". The song is recognized by its looping steelpan riff.
• "Gangnam Style" – A song and music video by South Korean rapper, Psy, showing him doing an "invisible horse dance" and saying the catchphrase "Oppan Gangnam Style" across a number of odd locations, leading to its viral spread as well as the single's reaching international music charts.^[2][3] The video has since become the most watched video on YouTube as of April 2016.^[4]
• "Hello" – Adele's song released in October 2015 was a major digital commercial success being the first song to sell 1 million units within a week of its release. Its video, which primarily features Adele's singing her song through a telephone conversation, led to numerous mashups with other songs, including Lionel Richie's song of the same name which had a similar theme to its video.^[5][6] Further, as of April 2016, the video holds the record for the fastest time to reach one billion views on YouTube, reaching this within 88 days of release.^[7]
• "Hotline Bling" – A song and video by Drake released in October 2015; the video primarily consists of Drake dancing with female performers against brightly-lit backgrounds. Drake's dance style was considered "goofy"^[8] and like that "of a total fool",^[9] leading to Internet users either resampling the video against other songs they felt more fitting, or themselves recreating the dance moves.
• "Lambada" - A song recorded by French pop group Kaoma. It features guest vocals by Brazilian vocalist Loalwa Braz. It was released as the first single from Kaoma's debut album Worldbeat. The video, filmed on Cocos beach in the city of Trancoso, in the state of Bahia, Brazil, features the Brazilian child duo Chico & Roberta. It was a big international hit in the summer of 1989 promoting Latin dance worldwide.
• "Macarena" - A Spanish dance song by Los del Río about a woman of the same name. Appearing on the 1993 album A mí me gusta, it was an international hit in 1995, 1996, and 1997, and continues to be a popular dance at weddings, parties, and sporting events. One of the most iconic examples of 1990s dance music, it was ranked the "#1 Greatest One-Hit Wonder of All Time" by VH1 in 2002. The song uses a type of clave rhythm. The song ranks at No. 7 on Billboard's All Time Top 100. It also ranks at No. 1 on Billboard's All Time Latin Songs.^[10][11] It is also Billboard's No. 1 dance song and one of six foreign language songs to hit No. 1 since 1955's rock era began.

Other music videos

Gary Brolsma, aka "The Numa Numa Guy"

Originals

• "Bed Intruder Song" – A remix by the Gregory Brothers of a televised news interview of Antoine Dodson, the brother of a victim of a home invasion and attempted assault. The music video became a mainstream success, reaching the Billboard Hot 100, and became the most watched YouTube video of 2010.^[12]
• "Chinese Food" - A song and music video by Alison Gold recorded with the controversial ARK Music Factory, the same company behind Rebecca Black's viral song "Friday"
• "Chocolate Rain" – A song and music video written and performed by Tay Zonday (also known as Adam Nyerere Bahner). After being posted on YouTube on 22 April 2007, the song quickly became a popular viral video. By December 2009, the video had received over 40 million views.^[13][14]
• "Don't Drop That Thun Thun" - A song and viral video by The FiNATTiCZ making it to to #35 on the Billboard Hot 100
• "Friday" – A music video sung by 13-year-old Rebecca Black, partially funded by her mother, which received over 200 million views on YouTube^[15] and spread in popularity through social media services.^[16]
• "The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)" – A song and associated video by the Norwegian comedy duo Ylvis prepared for their television show. The song's verses note the noises other animals make, but in the chorus, ask what noise a fox makes, at which point the song offers nonsense phrases like "gering-ding-ding-ding-dingeringeding!" and "fraka-kaka-kaka-kaka-kow!", while the video takes a similarly funny turn. The video saw over 43 million hits within a few weeks of its release, topping music charts, and leading to Ylvis being signed for more music by Warner Bros. Records.^[17]
• "Gwiyomi" – A K-pop single by the South Korean indie musician Hari. The song was released on 18 February 2013 and is based on an Internet meme known as the Gwiyomi Player, which was invented in October 2012 by the K-pop idol Jung Il Hoon and has inspired many similar versions uploaded onto the Internet by Asian netizens.^[18][19]
• "Juju on that Beat (TZ Anthem)" - Viral song and music video by two Detroit teenagers Zay Hilfigerrr and Zayion McCall, with their dance moves. The song charted on Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 11.

The band OK Go in their first viral video "Here It Goes Again".

• OK Go music videos – Several of the band's award-winning videos incorporate unique concepts, such as dancing on treadmills in "Here It Goes Again",^[20] a giant Rube Goldberg machine in "This Too Shall Pass",^[21][22] or a choreographed one-shot routine using over a dozen trained dogs in "White Knuckles".^[23] As such, they often go viral within a few days of their release. Their music video for "The Muppet Show Theme Song" won a Webby Award for "Viral Video" in 2012.^[24]
• "One Pound Fish" – A sales pitch song written and sung by Muhammad Shahid Nazir, a fish stall vendor in London, that became a viral hit and led to Nazir getting a recording contract.^[25]
• "Pants on the Ground" – First sung by "General" Larry Platt during the season 9 auditions of American Idol in Atlanta, Georgia, on 13 January 2010. Within one week, the video was seen by approximately 5 million on YouTube, had over 1 million fans on Facebook, and was repeated on television by Jimmy Fallon and Brett Favre.^[26]
• "Red Solo Cup" – Toby Keith's recording of a drinking song devoted to the Solo disposable cup became a viral hit, with the video logging over seven million views on YouTube and the song eventually becoming Keith's biggest hit on the Billboard Hot 100.^[27][28]
• "United Breaks Guitars" – A video by the band Sons of Maxwell, recounting how United Airlines broke a guitar belonging to band member Dave Carroll. The video reached 11 million views, was named one of the top ten of 2009,^[29] and created speculation that it had caused a $180 million drop in the airline's stock value.^[30]
• "Watch Me (Whip/Nae Nae)" - viral video by Silentó with own set of unique moves immitated by other fans. The song peaked at #3 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.
• "What What (In the Butt)" – A viral music video set to a song about anal sex by gay recording artist Samwell. The video was posted on Valentine's Day 2007, and two weeks later had already been viewed 500,000 times.^[31] It was subsequently parodied on the South Park episode, "Canada on Strike", which poked fun at several other Internet memes and personalities.

Interpretations

YouTube musicians from Lisa Lavie's online collaboration video "We Are the World 25 for Haiti (YouTube Edition)" met on the same stage for a live reunion performance ten months later in Washington, D.C.^[32][33]

• "Canon Rock" – A rock arrangement of the Canon in D by JerryC which became famous when covered by funtwo and others.^[34][35]
• "I Dreamed a Dream" by Susan Boyle - In 2009, Boyle, an unknown singer, 47 at the time, auditioned for Britain's Got Talent with the song surprising the jury, the public and the world with her interpretation
• "The Muppets: Bohemian Rhapsody" – A 2009 music video featuring The Muppets performing a modified version of Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody". The video received over seven million hits within its first week of release on YouTube, and by 2012, it had earned over 25 million hits. The video won the "Viral Video" category in the 14th Annual Webby Awards.^[36]
• "Numa Numa" with Gary Brolsma video of Romanian song "Dragostea din tei" by O-Zone. The video released on December 6, 2004 on the website Newgrounds.com, shows Brolsma lip-synching the hit song with lively gesticulations and dance moves..^[13][37]
• "Pop Culture" – A 2011 YouTube video of a live mash-up by the musician Hugo Pierre Leclercq aka "Madeon", aged 17 at the time, using a Novation touchpad to mix samples from 39 different songs. The video went viral within a few days of being posted, and led to Leclercq's fame in the electronica music genre.^[38][39]
• "Space Oddity" by Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield - Performed and recorded during a space mission on Soyuz TMA-07M. The cover of the famous David Bowie song is set in zero gravity against spectacular views of Earth with Hadfield singing and playing the guitar
• "Twelve Days of Christmas" by a cappella group Straight No Chaser went viral in 2007 and led to the group being signed by Atlantic Records.^[40]
• "We Are the World 25 for Haiti (YouTube edition)" is a massively collaborative crowdsourced charity video, involving 57 geographically distributed unsigned or independent contributors, that was produced by Canadian singer-songwriter and YouTube personality Lisa Lavie to raise money for victims of 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake.^[41] The video received repeated coverage on CNN,^[41] and the video's participants were collectively named ABC News "Persons of the Week" on U.S. national television by television journalist Diane Sawyer in March 2010.^[42]

Other music videos

These are videos generally set to music though are not official videos from the music's performer or artist, and often are mash-ups, remixes, or other such uses of existing music.

Ads and campaigns

• "Dumb Ways to Die" – A music video featuring "a variety of cute characters killing themselves in increasingly idiotic ways" that went viral through sharing and social media. It was part of a public service announcement advertisement campaign by Metro Trains in Melbourne, Australia to promote rail safety.^[43][44]
• Mandatory Fun album and the #8days8videos campaign – A viral marketing campaign by comedy singer/songwriter "Weird Al" Yankovic to promote his 2014 album Mandatory Fun by releasing eight videos for the new album over eight consecutive days across different streaming providers. The Internet-aided approach was considered very successful, leading to the album to become Yankovic's first number one hit in his 32-year career and became the first comedy album to hit Number 1 on the Billboard charts in over 50 years.^[45][46][47]

Dance phenomenon

Two screenshots from before and after the drop in a Harlem Shake video

• "Dancing Banana" – A banana dancing to the song "Peanut Butter Jelly Time" by the Buckwheat Boyz.^[48][49]
• Ghetto Kids of Uganda dancing "Sitya Loss" - A viral song of Ugandan singer Eddy Kenzo who featured the four Ugandan boys Alex Ssempijja, Fred and Isaac Tumusiime, Bashir Lubega and the girl Patricia Nabakooza dancing improvised moves in a competitive manner to his song. The video was made by Big Talent Entertainment and JahLive Films, and was directed by Mugerwa Frank.
• Hampster Dance – A page filled with hamsters dancing, linking to other animated pages. It spawned a fictional band complete with its own CD album release.^[50]
• Harlem Shake – A video based on Harlem shake dance, originally created by vlogger Filthy Frank and using an electronica version of the song by Baauer. In such videos, one person is dancing or acting strange among a room full of others going about routine business, until after the drop and a video cut, everyone starts dancing or acting strangely. The attempts to recreate the dance has led to a viral spread on YouTube.^[51][52]
• "Indian Thriller" – A viral scene from the Indian film Donga with added subtitles phonetically approximating the original lyrics as English sentences.^[53]
• JK Wedding Entrance Dance – The wedding procession for Jill Peterson and Kevin Heinz of St. Paul, Minnesota, choreographed to the song Forever by Chris Brown. Popularized on YouTube with 1.75 million views in less than five days in 2009.^[54] The video was later imitated in an episode of The Office on NBC.^[55]
• Little Superstar – A video of Thavakalai, a short Indian actor, break-dancing to MC Miker G & DJ Sven's remix of the Madonna song "Holiday", in a clip from a 1990 Tamil film Adhisaya Piravi, featuring actor Rajnikanth.^[56][57]
• Techno Viking – A Nordic raver dancing in a technoparade in Berlin.^[58]
• "Thriller" by the CPDRC Dancing Inmates – A recreation of Michael Jackson's hit performed by prisoners at the Cebu Provincial Detention and Rehabilitation Center (CPDRC) in the Philippines.^[59] As of January 2010, it is among the ten most popular videos on YouTube with over 20 million hits.^[60]

Music phenomena

A Rick Astley impersonator rickrolling a basketball game

• Anime Music Videos/MADs – A staple of anime conventions both in Japan and Western countries, these fan-made videos take footage from various anime works and re-edit them in different order, addition of new soundtracks (including to full-length songs), and other manipulations such as lip-syncing characters to lyrics; with the propagation of the Internet and popularity of anime in the United States in 2003, this type of user-created content flourished, and grew to include footage from other works including video games and Western animated shows.^[61][62]
• Chipmunking or creating "Chipmunk versions" of well known songs is a huge fan favourite online. The songs are sped up (or the pitch changed directly) to be high pitched. Process is done rather easily with Audacity. The name derives from Alvin and the Chipmunks, a cartoon show created in the late 1950s about three chipmunks, Alvin, Simon and Theodore that sang with high pitched voices.
• Hurra Torpedo – A Norwegian band whose coast-to-coast tour was a viral campaign to promote the Ford Fusion car.^[63]
• Lucian Piane, aka RevoLucian – Created several popular celebrity techno remixes, including a spoof on actor Christian Bale titled "Bale Out"^[64]
• Literal music video – Covers of music videos where the original lyrics have been replaced with ones that literally describe the events that occur in the video, typically disconnected with the original lyrics of the song.^[65][66]
• Rickrolling – A phenomenon involving posting a URL in an Internet forum that appears to be relevant to the topic at hand, but is, in fact, a link to a video of Rick Astley's "Never Gonna Give You Up". The practice originated on 4chan as a "Duckroll", in which an image of a duck on wheels was what was linked to. The practice of Rickrolling became popular after April Fools' Day in 2008 when YouTube rigged every feature video on its home page to Rick Astley's song.^[67][68]

Others

• "Lazy Sunday" – A 2005 Saturday Night Live sketch written and performed by Andy Samburg and Chris Parnell in which the two engage in a hip-hop song about their plans for a lazy Sunday afternoon. The song was uploaded by fans to YouTube, at that time a relative small, new site, and had been watched by millions of users before it was taken down as a copyright violation by NBC. This created the idea of being able to provide reuse of television material on the Internet, giving shows a second life, and is stated to have established YouTube as a potential revenue source for television networks, contributing towards Google's purchase of the site for $1.6 billion in 2006.^[69][70][71]
• "PPAP (Pen-Pineapple-Apple-Pen)" – A Japanese earworm-style music video performed by Pikotaro.^[72][73][74]
• "Pokémon Theme Music Video" – A video featuring Ian Hecox and Anthony Padilla lip-syncing to the original English Pokémon theme song. The video became the most viewed video on YouTube at the time before it was removed.^[75][76][77] The success of their Pokémon video and other videos led Smosh to be featured in the "Person of the Year: You" issue of Time Magazine, published December 13, 2006 and on Time.com.^[78]
• Trololo – A 1976 televised performance of Russian singer Eduard Khil lip-syncing the song I Am Glad to Finally Be Home (Я очень рад, ведь я, наконец, возвращаюсь домой). The video's first mainstream appearance was on The Colbert Report, on 3 March 2010;^[79] since then, its popularity has escalated, occasionally being used as part of a bait and switch prank, similar to Rickrolling.^[80][81]

See also

• Internet meme
• List of Internet phenomena
• List of viral videos
• Viral marketing

References

1. YouTube: Michel Teló - "Ai Se Eu Te Pego"
2. Judkis, Maura (23 August 2012). "'Gangnam Style's' invisible horse dance craze: Giddyup". Washington Post. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
3. Matson, Andrew (23 August 2012). "'Gangnam Style': What does it mean?". Seattle Times. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
4. "'Gangnam Style' most watched YouTube video ever". USA Today. Associated Press. 25 November 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2012.
5. Sterdan, Darryl (23 October 2015). "Adele drops bombastic comeback ballad 'Hello'". Toronto Sun. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
6. Hammesfahr, Lexie (12 November 2015). "Adele's 'Hello' has inspired some hilarious parodies". kirotv.com. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
7. Adele Poised To Break A Billion-Views Record, vocativ.com, Access date: January 18, 2016
8. Berman, Eliza (20 October 2015). "Drake's 'Hotline Bling' Video Inspired Some Incredible Dancing Memes". Time. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
9. McDermott, Maeve (20 October 2015). "The best 'Hotline Bling' Drake memes, from A to Z". USA Today. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
10. "Billboard Hot 100 Chart 50th Anniversary". Billboard.com. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
11. {{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/specials/hot100/charts/top-latin.shtml |title=Billboard Hot 100 Chart 50th Anniversary |publisher=Billboard.com |date|accessdate=2009-07-21}}
12. Friedman, Megan (13 December 2011). "Why Are YouTube's Top Videos of 2010 So Popular?". Time. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
13. Sullivan, Mark (27 November 2007). "Greatest hits of viral video". Archived from the original on 4 March 2009. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
14. Gunderson, Edna (30 December 2009). "The decade in music: Sales slide, pirates, digital rise". USA Today. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
15. "Rebecca Black 'Friday' Beats Lady Gaga, Justin Bieber On YouTube". gigwise.com. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 14 June 2011.
16. Barth, Chris (21 March 2011). "Mock Rebecca Black All You Want, She's Laughing To The Bank". Forbes. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
17. Zemler, Emily (21 September 2013). "Ylvis, of Viral Sensation 'The Fox,' Lands Major Label Deal Ahead of U.S. Live Debut". Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
18. "Kiyomi unseats Gangnam as new K-Pop craze hits Thailand | Bangkok Post: news". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
19. "South Korean's New Dance Craze 'Gwiyomi Player' – Lipstiq.com | Your Best Kept Secret". Lipstiq.com. 2013-03-28. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
20. Maney, Kevin (28 November 2006). "Blend of old, new media launched OK Go". USA Today. Retrieved 24 May 2007.
21. Hare, Breeanna (16 March 2010). "Who killed the music video star?". CNN. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
22. Johnson, Steve (16 March 2010). "OK Go goes independent". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 16 March 2010.
23. Friedman, Megan (23 September 2010). "OK Go, "White Knuckles"". Time. Retrieved 1 October 2010.
24. "16th Annual Webby Awards Nominees". Webby Awards. Archived from the original on 12 April 2012. Retrieved 12 April 2012.
25. Mahmood, Shabnam (15 May 2013). "One pound fish song an internet smash". BBC. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
26. Gross, Doug (19 January 2010). "'Pants' becomes first viral video of 2010". CNN. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
27. "Toby Keith's "Red Solo Cup" passes 4 million online views". NewsOk.com. 14 November 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
28. "Toby Keith's 'Red Solo Cup' song – stupid or awesome?". USA Today. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
29. Fletcher, Dan (8 December 2009). "Top 10 Viral Videos – 7. United Breaks Guitars". TIME. Fuming about mishandled baggage? Singing's the best revenge.
30. Ayres, Chris (22 July 2009). "Revenge is best served cold – on YouTube: How a broken guitar became a smash hit". The Sunday Times. London. Retrieved 7 July 2010.
31. "Samwell asks the eternal question: "You want to do it in my butt?"". Riverfront Times. 28 February 2007. Archived from the original on 17 June 2010. Retrieved 2 July 2010.
32. "We Are The World (YouTube Edition) is one of the top 50 videos that defined YouTube for 2010" includes interviews of Lisa Lavie, J. Rice, members of Ahmir (group), and Maria Zouroudis (WebCite archive), The Star Scoop music news section, 31 December 2010.
33. Custeau, Jonathan (La Tribune), "Deuxième tour du monde sur YouTube pour Heidi Jutras" ("Second World Tour on YouTube for Heidi Jutras") (WebCite archive), La Presse (Canada), 27 May 2011.
34. Heffernan, Virginia (27 August 2006). "Web Guitar Wizard Revealed at Last". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 May 2007.
35. Scotsman.com. "It's only baroque'n'roll... a star is born on the web". Archived from the original on 29 April 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2007.
36. "Webby Awards honour Ebert, Twitter, Times". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 4 May 2010. Retrieved 13 July 2010.
37. Feuer, Alan; George, Jason (26 February 2005). "Internet Fame Is Cruel Mistress for a Dancer of the Numa Numa". New York Times. Retrieved 21 February 2007.
38. Doyez, François-Luc (5 November 2011). "Madeon, l'électro kid". Libération Next (in French). Retrieved 13 April 2012.
39. "Warner aims for more international hits". Music Week. 16 September 2011. Retrieved 27 December 2012.
40. Rapkin, Mickey. A Cappella Dreaming: 10 Voices, One Shot The New York Times. 3 October 2008. Retrieved 26 October 2008.
41. Textual transcripts of programs on which the CNN videos aired, are found at "CNN SATURDAY MORNING NEWS" (6 March 2010), "CNN NEWSROOM" (6 March 2010), and "CNN SUNDAY MORNING" (7 March 2010).
42. Sawyer, Diane, "Persons of the Week" feature, ABC World News with Diane Sawyer (19 March 2010). National television news feature can be seen in the "Lisa Lavie's Interview with Diane Sawyer on ABC World News" video posted to YouTube channel LLjustlikeamovie on 19 March 2010.
43. "Metro's tongue-in-cheek transport safety animated video goes viral on social media". Melbourne: The Age. 19 November 2012.
44. "Cute Melbourne safety video Dumb Ways to Die becomes internet smash". news.com.au. 19 November 2012.
45. Barr, Merrill (21 July 2014). "Weird Al Closes Out #8days8videos with 'Mission Statement'". Retrieved 31 July 2014.
46. Weisman, Aly (17 July 2014). "The Brilliant Reason Weird Al Is Releasing 8 Parody Videos In 8 Days". Business Insider Inc. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
47. Leone, Katie (25 July 2014). "Weird Al: 8 videos in 8 days had 'Pavlovian Effect'". The E.W. Scripps Co. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
48. Ermann, Jeff (11 May 2006). "New Chorus Lines". Washington Post. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
49. Deutsch, Lindsay (2 April 2014). "National PB&J Day: Dance, sing with banana meme". USA TODAY. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
50. Wood, Molly (15 July 2005). "Top 10 Web Fads". CNET. Retrieved 12 March 2007.
51. Goodman, Will (12 February 2013). ""The Harlem Shake" phenomenon keeps going strong (with grandmas and military)". CBS News. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
52. Rodriguez, Salvador (3 February 2013). "Forget Nemo: The Harlem Shake storms the Internet". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
53. "Buffalax Mines Twisted Translations for YouTube Yuks". Wired. 6 November 2007. Archived from the original on 2013-12-04. Retrieved 2008-03-26.
54. Kaufman, Sarah (25 July 2009). "Going to the Chapel & We're Gonna Get Jiggy". Washington Post. Retrieved 3 February 2010.
55. Pitney, Nico (9 October 2009). "The Office Wedding! (VIDEO) Jim & Pam's 'JK' Chris Brown Spoof". Huffington Post. Retrieved 3 February 2010.
56. Keith Olbermann (2 October 2006). "'Countdown with Keith Olbermann' for Sept. 29". MSNBC. Retrieved 12 May 2008.
57. Tucker Carlson (29 September 2006). "'Tucker' for Sept. 28". MSNBC. Retrieved 12 May 2008.
58. "Weezer's "Pork & Beans" Director on the Band's Viral Hit". Rolling Stone. 16 June 2008.
59. "Cebu inmates going for another YouTube hit". GMA News. 12 August 2007. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
60. Mosqueda, Mars W., Jr. (19 January 2010). "MJ's choreographer trains dancing prison inmates". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on 29 January 2010. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
61. King, Brad (4 July 2003). "Anime Escapes the Underground". Wired. Archived from the original on 10 November 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
62. Ulaby, Neda (2 August 2007). 'Iron Editors' Test Anime Music-Video Skills (MP3). NPR. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
63. Reinartz, Joe. "What Up, Torpedo?" (– ^{Scholar search}). Retrieved 24 May 2007.
64. Lang, Derrik J. "Batman goes Bale-istic with profane tirade on crew." Associated Press, 3 February 2009. Retrieved on 4 February 2009.
65. Suddath, Claire (28 October 2008). "Tears for Fears: The Literal Remix". Time. Retrieved 6 June 2009.
66. Ganz, Caryn (6 October 2008). "Rocking Literally: The Story Behind "Take on Me," "Head Over Heels" Video Parodies". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 6 June 2009.
67. Jarboe, Greg (17 August 2009). YouTube and Video Marketing: An Hour a Day. Indianapolis, Indiana: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 161–163. ISBN 978-0-470-45969-0.
68. Michaels, Sean (19 March 2008). "Taking the Rick: Twenty years after "Never Gonna Give You Up", Rick Astley became an Internet phenomenon – and an unlikely weapon against Scientology". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
69. Wallenstein, Andrew; Spangler, Todd (18 December 2015). "'Lazy Sunday' Turns 10: 'SNL' Stars Recall How TV Invaded the Internet". Variety. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
70. Anderson, Nate (23 November 2008). "Did "Lazy Sunday" make YouTube's $1.5 billion sale possible?". Ars Technica. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
71. Garfield, Bob (1 December 2006). "YouTube vs. Boob Tube". Wired. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
72. Chen, Heather (2016-09-27). "How a 'Pen-Pineapple-Apple-Pen' earworm took over the internet". BBC News. Retrieved 2016-09-30.
73. "WATCH: Sway to the viral Japanese hit 'Pen Pineapple Apple Pen'". technology.inquirer.net. Retrieved 2016-09-30.
74. "Justin Bieber Shares His 'Favorite Video on the Internet': Piko Taro's Viral 'PPAP' Clip". Retrieved 2016-09-30.
75. Virginia Heffernan (April 4, 2006). "Comic shorts, home on the Web". The New York Times. Retrieved November 23, 2009.
76. "The first superstars of web TV". BBC. November 27, 2006. Retrieved July 7, 2012.
77. Troy Dreier. "Smosh: YouTube Gods and Unlikely Online Video Superstars". Retrieved October 31, 2012.
78. Lev Grossman (December 16, 2006). "Smosh". Time. Retrieved July 7, 2012.
79. Wills, Garry (3 March 2010). "Jim Bunning Ends Filibuster". ColbertNation.com. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
80. Sheridan, Michael (15 March 2010). "Eduard Khil, a.k.a., 'Trololo Man,' finds YouTube fame with lyric-less tune". New York Daily News. Retrieved 23 March 2010.
81. Halpin, Tony (14 March 2010). "Soviet-era crooner Eduard Khil becomes surprise YouTube hit". The Times. London. Retrieved 23 March 2010.