London Underground D78 Stock

"D Stock" redirects here. For the 1912 Metropolitan District Railway Stock, see London Underground D Stock.
D78 Stock
In service 28 January 1980 - February 2017
Manufacturer Metro-Cammell
(now Alstom)[1]
Built at Birmingham, England[1]
Replaced R Stock
O and P Stock
Constructed 1978 - 1981[1]
Refurbishment Bombardier Transportation UK (at Derby)[1]
2004 - 2008
Number built 75 sets (450 cars)[1]
Formation 6 cars per trainset
Capacity 821 per trainset[1]
Line(s) served District
Specifications
Car length DM 18.37 m (60 ft 3 in)
UNDM/T 18.12 m (59 ft 5 in)
Width 2.85 m (9 ft 4 in)
Height 3.62 m (11 ft 11 in)
Weight DM 27.46 tonnes (27.03 long tons; 30.27 short tons)
UNDM 26.11 tonnes (25.70 long tons; 28.78 short tons)
T 18.40 tonnes (18.11 long tons; 20.28 short tons)
Traction system Pneumatic driven camshaft
(GEC Traction)[1]
Traction motors LT118 DC motor
(Brush Traction)[1]
Seating 280 per trainset[1]
Stock type Subsurface
Notes
London Transport portal

The London Underground D78 Stock operates on London Underground's District line, except the Wimbledon to Edgware Road service. Following the withdrawal of the C Stock in June 2014, these are now the oldest subsurface trains in service on the London Underground. The first units were withdrawn in January 2015 with all due to be replaced by S Stock by February 2017 .[2]

History

D78 stock in as delivered condition
Interior pre overhaul

The D stock was ordered in 1976 to replace the pre-war CO/CP Stock and post-war R Stock on the District line. Seventy-five six-car trains were built by Metro-Cammell, Birmingham, the first entering service on 28 January 1980 with final delivered in 1983.

Details

The stock consists of six-car trains, as opposed to the seven-car trains of CO/CP and R Stock, whose cars were shorter: under normal operation, each train consists of two 3-car units, and 20 of the units are double-ended to allow 3-car operations under exceptional circumstances.[3] The traction motors are the same LT118 type as on 1973 Tube Stock, but the bogies are different. With single-leaf doors and transverse and longitude seating, the style is very similar to 1983 stock on the Jubilee line.

The stock brought many innovations. The rubber coil suspension meant a smoother ride for passengers. The driver's cab is more ergonomic, the seat swiveling to move forwards, backwards, up or down. The dead man's handle is replaced by a joystick that needs to be twisted for the dead man feature, and moved fore and aft for motoring and braking. There is a Train Management System replacing the original Train Equipment Panel that highlights faults to the driver.

The most noticeable difference between the stock and earlier trains is that the doors are single leaf. Originally, passengers pressed door-control buttons to open them. Posters explaining how to operate the doors were put up around Tube stations in English, French and German when the stock was introduced. The stock had a "POGO" switch (Passenger open/Guard's open) that could switch control of the doors from passengers to the guard (when the stock was introduced, the guard controlled the doors from the rear cab). While this function proved useful at above-ground stations and termini (especially in winter), station dwell time was significantly increased, and passengers had trouble getting used to the new system, not knowing how to open the door. By the late 1990s, the control of the doors went to the driver, but the buttons remained until they were removed on refurbishment between 2004 and 2008.

At over 18 metres (59 ft), the cars are the longest on the Underground. The windows had to be modified because of overheating when new, with pull-down opening windows installed in each car.

Usage

The stock is used on the District line, except the High Street Kensington-Edgware Road section, because the platforms are not long enough there for D stock.

Between April 1985 and May 1987, the stock operated the East London line service in three-car formations, there being enough stock spare because of reduced services on the District line. This allowed A60/62 Stock to be sent for One Person Operation (OPO) conversion. The A60/62 stock took over the service again in 1987.

The stock is due to be replaced by S Stock in 2016.[4] It is being replaced about 15 years short of its intended lifespan, as a consistent new fleet will allow for frequencies to be increased and will reduce maintenance costs.

In July 2011, Harrogate Chamber of Commerce proposed to use the stock on the Harrogate Line from York to Leeds via Harrogate to increase capacity.[5] Stations in the Harrogate and Leeds urban areas are close together; the superior acceleration of the stock over the Class 150 diesel multiple units currently used is intended to cut journey times. It was proposed, the line would be electrified with third rail similar to the Docklands Light Railway, as opposed to the London Underground or the Southern region network.

On 24 July 2012, unit 7007 was designated as the Olympic 2012 Train with the then Chief Operating Officer Howard Collins carrying the Olympic Torch from Wimbledon to Wimbledon Park.[6] This is the only London Underground train to be an Olympic Torch train.

Roster

Formation
Upminster (D) →
 Notes
7xxx
(DM)		 17xxx
(T)		 8xxx
(UNDM)		 8xxx
(UNDM)		 17xxx
(T)		 7xxx
(DM)
Facilities
Numbers 7000
∥
7128		 17000
∥
17128		 8000
∥
8128		 8001
∥
8129		 17001
∥
17129		 7001
∥
7129
  • 17035 and 17077 exchanged numbers in 1994.
Formation
← (A)
(D) →
75xx
(DM)		 175xx
(T)		 75xx
(DM)
Facilities
Numbers 7500
∥
7538		 17500
∥
17538		 7501
∥
7539

De-icing equipment was fitted to trailers 17000 to 17048 (evens).

Withdrawal

Withdrawals commenced on 19 January 2015 when the first full 6-car train, 7510+7058, was withdrawn from service at Ealing Common Depot and loaded onto trucks for Long Marston for the driving motors to be converted and the other cars to be either scrapped or stored for future use. All are scheduled to be replaced by S7 Stock by December 2016.[2]

Refurbishment

Prototype interior refurbishment
Interior after refurbishment
The exterior of a newly refurbished train at Ealing Common Depot

The mid-life refurbishment was the first to be carried out under the PPP, by Metronet, and was delayed until contract negotiations were completed. A prototype unit of three cars was prepared by London Underground's Train Modification Unit (TMU) at Acton Depot in 2001.[7] This had some detail differences from the eventual refurbishment, and was later brought up to the standard of the rest of the stock. The refurbishment programme began in summer 2005 with the work undertaken by Bombardier Transportation's Derby facility.[8] The programme was completed in 2008.

The refurbishment consisted of:

It is the first Underground stock to have electronic side-of-carriage information displays: some pre-war trains had slot-in or reversible destination or non-stopping plates.

Heavy-rail diesel-electric conversion

A Vivarail converted unit

In 2014, Vivarail purchased 150 Driving Motor cars and about 300 trailing vehicles of ex-District Line D78 stock for conversion to diesel-electric multiple units. It is proposed to run 75 units of two or three cars per unit.[9][10] They will become known as class 230 under TOPS.[11] A prototype was produced for testing and accreditation in August 2015, with introduction to service in 2016.[12] They are to be tested in mainline service on the Coventry to Nuneaton Line.[13]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Rolling Stock Data Sheet, London Underground (First Edition)" (PDF). WhatDoTheyKnow. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
  2. 1 2 "RailUK Forums - View Single Post - District Line D Stock final withdrawal". www.railforums.co.uk. Retrieved 2016-09-19.
  3. ↑ Connor 2015, p. 142
  4. ↑ "Transforming the Tube" (PDF). Transport for London. July 2008. Retrieved 28 May 2009.
  5. ↑ "HARROGATE LINE NEWS 1 1st Meeting supports bid" (PDF). Harrogate Chamber of Commerce. August 12, 2011. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
  6. ↑ "Olympic torch: Flame rides on London Underground train". BBC News Online. 24 July 2012. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
  7. ↑ D78 modernised Railway Gazette International 1 October 2002
  8. ↑ D78 stock gets a fresh new look Railway Gazette International 1 August 2005
  9. ↑ D78 Stock Conversion is Go Modern Railways December 2014 pages 37-38
  10. ↑ "Vivarail Homepage". http://www.vivarail.co.uk/. Vivarail. Retrieved 20 January 2015. External link in |website= (help)
  11. ↑ Sam McCaffrey (2015-05-01). "'They don't make trains like this anymore'". Rail Technology Magazine. Retrieved 2015-05-17.
  12. ↑ The Engineer http://www.theengineer.co.uk/blog/d-railed-old-tube-trains-gain-a-new-lease-of-life/1020946.article
  13. ↑ Gurdon, Martin (16 January 2015). "Back on the rails". The Engineer. Centaur Media.

Sources

External links

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