MSH5

MSH5
Identifiers
Aliases MSH5, G7, MUTSH5, NG23, mutS homolog 5
External IDs MGI: 1329021 HomoloGene: 8415 GeneCards: MSH5
RNA expression pattern




More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez

4439

17687

Ensembl

n/a

ENSMUSG00000007035

UniProt

O43196
Q5SSR2

Q9QUM7

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_172166
NM_002441
NM_025259
NM_172165

NM_001146215
NM_013600

RefSeq (protein)

NP_002432.1
NP_079535.4
NP_751897.1
NP_751898.1
NP_751897.1

NP_001139687.1
NP_038628.2

Location (UCSC) Chr 6: 31.74 – 31.76 Mb Chr 17: 35.03 – 35.05 Mb
PubMed search [1] [2]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

MutS protein homolog 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MSH5 gene.[3][4][5][6]

Function

This gene encodes a member of the mutS family of proteins that are involved in DNA mismatch repair or meiotic recombination processes. This protein is similar to a Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein that participates in meiotic segregation fidelity and crossing-over. This protein forms heterooligomers with another member of this family, mutS homolog 4. Alternative splicing results in four transcript variants encoding three different isoforms.[6]

Mutations

Mice homozygous for a null Msh5 mutation (Msh5-/-) are viable but sterile.[7] In these mice, the prophase I stage of meiosis is defective due to the disruption of chromosome pairing. This meiotic failure leads, in male mice, to diminution of testicular size, and in female mice, to a complete loss of ovarian structures.

A genetic investigation was performed to test women with premature ovarian failure for mutations in each of four meiotic genes.[8] Among 41 women with premature ovarian failure two were found to be heterozygous for a mutation in the MSH5 gene; among 34 fertile women (controls) no mutations were found in the four tested genes.

These findings in mouse and human indicate that the MSH5 protein plays an important role in meiotic recombination.

In the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, the MSH5 protein is required during meiosis both for normal spontaneous and for gamma-irradiation induced crossover recombination and chiasma formation.[9] Meiotic recombination is often initiated by double strand breaks. MSH5 mutants retain the competence to repair DNA double-strand breaks that are present during meiosis, but they accomplish this repair in a way that does not lead to crossovers between homologous chromosomes.[9] The known mechanism of non-crossover recombinational repair is called synthesis dependent strand annealing (see homologous recombination; see also Bernstein et al.[10]). MSH5 thus appears to be employed in directing the recombinational repair of some double-strand breaks towards the cross over option rather than the non-cross over option.

Interactions

MSH5 has been shown to interact with MSH4.[4][11][12]

References

  1. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:".
  2. ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
  3. ↑ Her C, Doggett NA (Aug 1998). "Cloning, structural characterization, and chromosomal localization of the human orthologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae MSH5 gene". Genomics. 52 (1): 50–61. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5374. PMID 9740671.
  4. 1 2 Winand NJ, Panzer JA, Kolodner RD (Oct 1998). "Cloning and characterization of the human and Caenorhabditis elegans homologs of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MSH5 gene". Genomics. 53 (1): 69–80. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5447. PMID 9787078.
  5. ↑ Snowden T, Shim KS, Schmutte C, Acharya S, Fishel R (Jan 2008). "hMSH4-hMSH5 adenosine nucleotide processing and interactions with homologous recombination machinery". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 283 (1): 145–54. doi:10.1074/jbc.M704060200. PMC 2841433Freely accessible. PMID 17977839.
  6. 1 2 "Entrez Gene: MSH5 mutS homolog 5 (E. coli)".
  7. ↑ Edelmann W, Cohen PE, Kneitz B, Winand N, Lia M, Heyer J, Kolodner R, Pollard JW, Kucherlapati R (Jan 1999). "Mammalian MutS homologue 5 is required for chromosome pairing in meiosis". Nature Genetics. 21 (1): 123–7. doi:10.1038/5075. PMID 9916805.
  8. ↑ Mandon-Pépin B, Touraine P, Kuttenn F, Derbois C, Rouxel A, Matsuda F, Nicolas A, Cotinot C, Fellous M (Jan 2008). "Genetic investigation of four meiotic genes in women with premature ovarian failure". European Journal of Endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies. 158 (1): 107–15. doi:10.1530/EJE-07-0400. PMID 18166824.
  9. 1 2 Kelly KO, Dernburg AF, Stanfield GM, Villeneuve AM (Oct 2000). "Caenorhabditis elegans msh-5 is required for both normal and radiation-induced meiotic crossing over but not for completion of meiosis". Genetics. 156 (2): 617–30. PMC 1461284Freely accessible. PMID 11014811.
  10. ↑ Harris Bernstein, Carol Bernstein and Richard E. Michod (2011). Meiosis as an Evolutionary Adaptation for DNA Repair. DNA Repair, Dr. Inna Kruman (Ed). ISBN 978-953-307-697-3, InTech, Available from http://www.intechopen.com/books/dna-repair/meiosis-as-an-evolutionary-adaptation-for-dna-repair.
  11. ↑ Her C, Wu X, Griswold MD, Zhou F (Feb 2003). "Human MutS homologue MSH4 physically interacts with von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor-binding protein 1". Cancer Research. 63 (4): 865–72. PMID 12591739.
  12. ↑ Bocker T, Barusevicius A, Snowden T, Rasio D, Guerrette S, Robbins D, Schmidt C, Burczak J, Croce CM, Copeland T, Kovatich AJ, Fishel R (Feb 1999). "hMSH5: a human MutS homologue that forms a novel heterodimer with hMSH4 and is expressed during spermatogenesis". Cancer Research. 59 (4): 816–22. PMID 10029069.

Further reading

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