Maria of Montferrat

Maria
Queen of Jerusalem
Reign	5 April 1205 – 1212
Coronation	3 October 1210 at Tyre
Predecessor	Isabella I
Successor	Isabella II
Regent Co-Sovereign	John of Ibelin John of Brienne
Born	summer 1192
Died	1212
Spouse	John of Brienne
Issue	Isabella II of Jerusalem
House	House of Aleramici
Father	Conrad of Montferrat
Mother	Isabella I of Jerusalem

Maria of Montferrat (or Maria of Jerusalem) (1192–1212) was Queen of Jerusalem, the daughter of Isabella I of Jerusalem and Conrad of Montferrat. She was known in her youth as The Marquise, because of her father's title.

Life

Early life

On 28 April 1192, while the rivalry between Guy de Lusignan and Maria's father was about to find a term and Richard I of England was about to finish the Third Crusade and return to England, Conrad was assassinated. Her mother remarried in haste on 5 May to Henry II, Count of Champagne, nephew of King Richard and Philip II of France. At the time of the wedding, Isabella was already visibly pregnant with Maria.^[1] Maria, the posthumous child was born during the summer of 1192.

Henry II of Champagne died in 1197; from this marriage Maria had gained three half-sisters. Amalric II of Jerusalem (now known as Aimery of Jerusalem) married Isabella, he became joint ruler of Jerusalem with Isabella. He died on 1 April 1205.

Reign

Isabella died shortly thereafter and Maria became queen of Jerusalem, at the age of thirteen, while her stepbrother Hugh, from the first marriage of Aimery, became King of Cyprus and married Maria's half-sister, Alice of Champagne. The half-brother of her mother, John of Ibelin, the Old Lord of Beirut, acted as regent on behalf of Maria, wisely and to the satisfaction of the inhabitants of the kingdoms. Failing to conduct operations to reconquer the territories lost in 1187, he maintained the kingdom within its limits, a policy of peace with Al-Adil I, brother of Saladin, who had come to his estate by eliminating the other heirs.^[2]

The regency expired in 1209, when Maria was seventeen, so the government believed it best for Maria to marry so she could secure her post as queen. The assembly of barons and prelates decided to seek advice from Philip II of France, who offered one of his followers, John of Brienne. However John was not a very rich man. To overcome his lack of fortune and to enable him to fund his sovereign obligations (court and army) King Philip and Pope Innocent III each paid him the sum of 40 000 livres.^[3]

Coronation of Maria and John

The marriage was celebrated on 4 September 1210, then the couple were crowned King and Queen of Jerusalem on 3 October 1210 in Tyre Cathedral. John continued the peace policy of John of Ibelin. In 1212, Maria of Montferrat gave birth to a daughter

• Isabelle II (1212–1228) or Yolande, but died shortly afterwards, probably from puerperal fever. John retained the crown but only as regent on behalf of his daughter who married (in 1225) to Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor.

The lineage of Maria died out in 1268, with the death of her great-grand-grandson Conradin. After his death, the descendants of Maria's younger half-sister Alice of Champagne inherited her kingdom.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Maria of Montferrat

16. William IV, Marquess of Montferrat               8. Rainier, Marquess of Montferrat                       17. Otta d'Agliè               4. William V, Marquess of Montferrat                             18. William I, Count of Burgundy               9. Gisela of Burgundy                       19. Stephanie               2. Conrad of Montferrat                                   20. Leopold II, Margrave of Austria               10. Leopold III, Margrave of Austria                       21. Ida of Cham               5. Judith of Babenberg                             22. Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor               11. Agnes of Germany                       23. Bertha of Savoy               1. Maria of Montferrat                                         24. Fulk IV, Count of Anjou               12. Fulk of Jerusalem                       25. Bertrade de Montfort               6. Amalric I of Jerusalem                             26. Baldwin II of Jerusalem               13. Melisende of Jerusalem                       27. Morphia of Melitene               3. Isabella I of Jerusalem                                   28. Andronikos Komnenos, sebastokrator               14. John Doukas Komnenos, dux in Cyprus                       29. Eirene Aineiadissa               7. Maria Komnene                             30. John Taronites, pansebastos sebastos               15. Maria Taronitissa

References

1. The chronicle of Ernoul, Old French Contination of William of Tyre
2. Grousset 1936, p.216-221.
3. Grousset 1936, p.222-4.