Mattauch isobar rule

The Mattauch isobar rule, formulated by Josef Mattauch in 1934, states that if two adjacent elements on the periodic table have isotopes of the same mass number, one of these isotopes must be radioactive.[1][2] Two nuclides that have the same mass number (isobars) can both be stable only if their atomic numbers differ by more than one.[1] However, this rule cannot make predictions on the half-lives of these radioisotopes.[1]

Technetium and promethium

A consequence of this rule is that technetium and promethium both have no stable isotopes as each of the elements just before and just after these two unstable elements on the periodic table (molybdenum and ruthenium, and neodymium and samarium, respectively) have a stable isotope for each mass number for the range in which the isotopes of the unstable elements usually would be stable to beta decay.[1][2] These ranges can be calculated using the liquid drop model (for example the stability of technetium isotopes).

Exceptions

The only known exceptions to the Mattauch isobar rule are the cases of antimony-123 and tellurium-123 and of hafnium-180 and tantalum-180m, where both nuclei are observationally stable. It is predicted that 123Te would undergo electron capture to form 123Sb, but this decay has not yet been observed; 180mTa should be able to undergo isomeric transition to 180Ta, beta decay to 180W, electron capture to 180Hf, or alpha decay to 176Lu, but none of these decay modes have been observed.[3]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Thyssen, Pieter; Binnemans, Koen; Shinohara, Hisanori; Saito, Yahachi; Gulay, Lubomir D.; Daszkiewicz, Marek; Yan, Chun-Hua; Yan, Zheng-Guan; Du, Ya-Ping (2011). Gschneider, Karl A., Jr.; Bünzli, Jean-Claude; Pecharsky, Vitalij K., eds. Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-444-53590-0. Retrieved January 14, 2012.
  2. 1 2 Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. (2001), Inorganic Chemistry, San Diego: Academic Press, p. 84, ISBN 0-12-352651-5
  3. ↑ Sonzogni, Alejandro. "Interactive Chart of Nuclides". National Nuclear Data Center: Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved 27 November 2012.
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