Michael I Rangabe

Michael I Rhangabe Mikhaēl I Rhangabe Μιχαῆλ A' Ῥαγγαβέ
Michael I Rangabe, from the Madrid Skylitzes.
Emperor of the Byzantine Empire
Reign	2 October 811 – 22 June 813
Coronation	2 October 811 Hagia Sophia
Predecessor	Staurakios
Successor	Leo V
Born	c. 770
Died	11 January 844 Prote Island
Burial	Church on Prote Island, transferred to Monastery of Satyros
Spouse	Prokopia
Issue	Theophylaktos Staurakios Niketas Georgo Theophano
Full name Michael Rangabe
Dynasty	Nikephorian
Father	Theophylact Rhangabe

Nikephorian dynasty
Chronology
Nikephoros I		802–811
with Staurakios as co-emperor, 803–811
Staurakios		811
Michael I		811–813
with Theophylact as co-emperor, 811–813
Succession
Preceded by Isaurian dynasty		Followed by Leo V and the Amorian dynasty

Michael I Rhangabe (Greek: Μιχαῆλ A' Ῥαγγαβέ, Mikhaēl I Rhangabe; c. 770 – 11 January 844) was Byzantine Emperor from 811 to 813.

Michael was the son of the patrician Theophylact Rhangabe, the admiral of the Aegean fleet. He married Prokopia, the daughter of the future Emperor Nikephoros I, and received the high court dignity of kouropalatēs after his father-in-law's accession in 802.

Background

Michael survived Nikephoros' disastrous campaign against Krum of Bulgaria, and was considered a more appropriate candidate for the throne than his severely injured brother-in-law Staurakios. When Michael's wife Prokopia failed to persuade her brother to name Michael as his successor, a group of senior officials (the magistros Theoktistos, the Domestic of the Schools Stephen, and Patriarch Nikephoros) forced Staurakios to abdicate in his favor on 2 October 811.

Coronation by the Patriarch, as depicted in the Madrid Skylitzes.

Michael I attempted to carry out a policy of reconciliation, abandoning the exacting taxation instituted by Nikephoros I. While reducing imperial income, Michael generously distributed money to the army, the bureaucracy, and the Church. Elected with the support of the Orthodox party in the Church, Michael diligently persecuted the iconoclasts and forced the Patriarch Nikephoros to back down in his dispute with Theodore of Stoudios, the influential abbot of the monastery of Stoudios. Michael's piety won him a very positive estimation in the work of the chronicler Theophanes the Confessor.

In 812 Michael I reopened negotiations with the Franks, and recognized Charlemagne as basileus (emperor) (but not as emperor of the romans). In exchange for that recognition, Venice was returned to the Byzantine Empire. However, under the influence of Theodore, Michael rejected the peace terms offered by Krum and provoked the capture of Mesembria (Nesebar) by the Bulgarians. After an initial success in spring 813, Michael's army prepared for a major engagement at Versinikia near Adrianople in June. The Byzantine army was turned to flight and the Emperor's position was seriously weakened. With conspiracy in the air, Michael preempted events by abdicating in favor of the general Leo the Armenian and becoming a monk (under the name Athanasios). His sons were castrated and relegated into monasteries, one of them, Niketas (renamed Ignatios), eventually becoming Patriarch of Constantinople. Michael died peacefully on 11 January 844.

Family

By his wife Prokopia, Michael I had at least five children:

• Gorgo (f)
• Theophylact, co-emperor from 812 to 813.
• Niketas, later Patriarch Ignatios of Constantinople.
• Staurakios (m)
• Theophano (f)

Sources

• The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, Oxford University Press, 1991.
• Ostrogorski, G.; History of the Byzantine State, Rutgers University Press (July 1986)
• Treadgold, W. A History of the Byzantine State and Society, Stanford University Press; 1 edition (1 November 1997)
• Gregory, T., A History of Byzantium (Blackwell History of the Ancient World), Wiley-Blackwell (11 March 2005)

See also

• List of Byzantine emperors

External links