Microsoft Hearts

Hearts

A component of Microsoft Windows
Hearts in Windows 7 before a hand is played. The South player must select three cards, passing them to West and receiving three from East. Play will commence with the player who holds the 2 of Clubs leading it.
Details
Type	Computer game
Included with	Windows for Workgroups 3.11 to Windows 7
Related components
FreeCell, Solitaire, Spider Solitaire

Hearts, also known as Microsoft Hearts^[1] and previously named The Microsoft Hearts Network, is a computer game included with Microsoft Windows, based on a card game with the same name. It was first introduced in Windows 3.1 in 1992, and has since been included in every version of Windows up to Windows 7.

History

Hearts was first included in Windows with Windows for Workgroups 3.1, Microsoft's first "network-ready"^[2] version of Windows, released in Autumn 1992,^[3][4] which included a new networking technology that Microsoft called NetDDE. Microsoft used Hearts to showcase the new NetDDE technology by enabling multiple players to play simultaneously across a computer network.^[5] This legacy could be seen in the original title bar name for the program, "The Microsoft Hearts Network".

Hearts continued to be included in subsequent versions of Windows, although it was absent in all Windows NT-based OSes prior to Windows XP including Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 2000. From the 'Help' menu, Hearts offered a quote from Shakespeare's famous play, Julius Caesar (act III, scene ii): "I come not, friends, to steal away your hearts...". Later versions of Windows starting with Vista removed this quote, and changed the title bar name to "Hearts" (network play was also removed in the Windows XP version).

Hearts, like all Windows games, is not included with Windows 8 or Windows 10. As part of the operating system, it will be deleted when you upgrade to Windows 10 from an earlier version.

The three default opponent names, Pauline, Michele, and Ben, were specified by the program's developer. One is the spouse of a Microsoft employee who found a program bug, one was a Microsoft employee who resigned in 1995, and one is an employee's child who frequented the Microsoft worksite.^[6] The names are not used in the Windows Vista version of the game, instead favoring the three cardinal directions that the computer players pertain to depending on their side of the window ("West", "North", and "East"). Additionally, this version of the game no longer prompts for a player name to be entered at startup, and instead uses the name of the currently logged-in user account as the player name.

Windows XP Hearts had different graphics than the Windows Vista or 7 Hearts. Windows Vista and 7 Hearts's cards were redesigned to suit the Windows Aero window, whereas Windows XP Hearts's cards were designed to suit and accompany the application's looks of solid colors.

Gameplay

Game play follows the standard rules of Hearts. When the game is first loaded, the user is prompted for their name, and then the game begins. The computer uses all three hands against the player. The game ends when at least one player has 100 or more points at the end of a hand. The winner is the one who has the least points.

Before the hand

The user is given thirteen pseudo-random playing cards, and selects any three of them to pass. For the first hand, cards are passed to the left; for the second, to the right; for the third, across; and for the fourth, the passing stage is skipped entirely, and the players keep (or "eat") their cards. On the fifth hand, the cycle starts again, passing to the left. In any case, after passing three cards, the players receive three cards, and play begins.

Tricks

As Hearts is a trick-taking game, the game progresses by tricks. Each player plays one card to a trick, which is won by the player of the highest card of the suit led. There is no trump suit.

The aim is to avoid gaining points, which are incurred by winning a trick including point cards, which are any Hearts and the Queen of Spades. Any Hearts taken incur 1 point each, and the Queen of Spades incurs 13 points.

For each hand, the player with the Two of Clubs leads first, and they must play that card. Subsequent leads are by the winner of the last trick. For tricks after the first, any card can be led, except that a Heart cannot be led until Hearts have been "broken". Hearts are broken with the first Heart played in the hand, which can be done in only two situations:

1. A player who did not lead a trick may play a Heart to it if they cannot follow suit (and it is not the first trick in the hand);
2. A player with only Hearts left in their hand may lead with a Heart.

Players must follow the suit led if able to (with any card of their choice in that suit) - otherwise they may play any card, except that a point card cannot be played to the first trick in each hand. Notwithstanding the above rules, in the highly improbable event that a player receives all thirteen Hearts as their hand, or twelve Hearts and the Queen of Spades, then a heart card may be played in the first trick.

The concept of revoking, failing to follow suit when able, does not exist in the computer version of Hearts. In real-life card play there is a penalty for any revoke that is discovered to have taken place; in the computer version the computer does not permit players to revoke and instructs the player to follow suit.

After the hand

Any players who took point cards incur the appropriate points for those, which are added to their previous score. But any player who succeeds in taking all point cards (worth 26 points) has successfully "shot the moon", and they incur no points, while the other players incur 26 points each.

After each hand, a scoreboard shows the current and previous scores of all four players, with the current leader's (or leaders') score written in blue. Each of the players has in front of them all of the point cards accumulated during the preceding trick, for easy identification of who got how many points (and a quick check to see if a player shot the moon). The game ends when one player reaches 100 or more points, and the winner is the player with the lowest score. A tie is possible if two or more players have the equal lowest score, and if the human player is one of them, the computer credits him or her as the winner.

When the game ends, the score of the winning player(s) is shown in red. A new game then begins.

Mathematical Discussion

The lowest possible total score (adding up all player's individual scores) is 104 which would require a single player to score 26 points in each of the first four hands.

The highest possible score is 468 which would require a score of 390 (15 x 26) after the penultimate hand, followed by a player shooting the moon in the final hand.

The longest possible game is sixteen hands.

A "perfect" game is where one player shoots the moon in four consecutive hands. (It should be noted that this outcome does not result in the lowest possible total score.)

In practice, a good player can achieve a win-rate of 55% (player vs computer over 100 games) but will have great difficulty improving beyond this percentage. The theoretical maximum win-rate is unknown and believed to be incalculable.

Because the expected win-rate is close to parity the game is challenging and very addictive.

References

1. "Unable to Connect Using Network Dynamic Data Exchange". Support.microsoft.com. 2007-02-27. Retrieved 2014-08-22.
2. Elizabeth Horwitt (August 16, 1993). "Peer LANs target big business". Computerworld. p. 16.
3. Ed Foster (January 25, 1993). "Put name-game aside and WFW is just a network". InfoWorld. p. 43.
4. "Windows for Workgroups Version History". Microsoft Knowledgebase. Microsoft. November 14, 2003. Retrieved July 12, 2010.
5. Craig Stinson (June 15, 1993). "Open Windows for Workgroups". PC Magazine. p. 292.
6. Danny Glasser (March 23, 2005). "Rumours of Glory". Retrieved December 11, 2011.

External links

• Example of a game being played with audio explanation.