Mohamed Afrah Qanyare
| Mohamed Qanyare Afrah محمد قنيري افرح | |
|---|---|
| Personal details | |
| Born |
February 27, 1941 Ceelbuur, Galguduud, Somalia |
| Residence | Nairobi, Kenya |
| Occupation | Political Activist |
| Religion | Islam |
Mohamed Qanyare Afrah (Somali: Maxamed Qanyare Afrax, Arabic: محمد افراح قنياري) (born c. 1941) was a Somali faction leader and politician who was based south of Mogadishu in the Daynile District.[1] He served as Minister of Security in 2006 but was dismissed after ignoring calls by the Prime Minister Ali Mohammed Ghedi to stop fighting forces of the Islamist Courts.[2] He continued to participate actively in Somali political affairs being reelected to the first post transitional federal parliament of Somalia as a member of parliament, he resigned from his seat representing his (Murusade) clan in the summer of 2013, his seat in the Federal Parliament of Somalia was taken over by his son Cabdiweli Mohamed Qanyare.
Personal life
Mohamed Qanyare Afrah joined the Somali Police Force after Somali independence in 1960, he rose to the level of Police Corporal before fleeing into exile in neighboring Kenya in the 70's. Where with his brother Hassan Qanyare Afrah he built Speedways Trans - Africa a road haulage company, that grew into one of the preeminent commercial transportation enterprises in East and Central Africa of the 1970s and 1980s.[3] In exile Mohamed Qanyare was a noted critic of the regime of Somali dictator Siad Barre financially supporting different opposition movements against the former dictator, this support led to him being declared persona non-grata by the then President of the Republic of Kenya and close personal friend of Siad Barre Daniel arap Moi. Mohamed Qanyare currently lives in semi-retirement in the Kenyan capital Nairobi.
Somali Civil War
United Somali Congress
Qanyare was one of the early members of the United Somali Congress (USC), in a splinter faction known as the "USC Mahdi," because of their following of Ali Mahdi Mohamed (Abgaal clan). The USC Mahdi faction was distinct from the main branch run by Mohamed Farah Aideed.
Transitional National Government
In February 2001, Qanyare was persuaded to join the Transitional National Government (TNG).[4] He served as the fisheries minister. In 2004, he was a presidential hopeful, but lost to Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed.[5]
Transitional Federal Government
In December, 2004, Qanyare was appointed the position of Security Minister in the Transitional Federal Government (TFG). At the time, he was described as "one of Somalia's most heavily armed politicians" having a 2,000 man militia with dozens of technicals. He was also described as "a prominent businessman who runs an airstrip near the capital used by international aid agencies and importers of the stimulant leaf qat grown in Kenya and chewed by Somali men."[6]
On November 8, 2005, a noticeable rift in the TFG was reported when Qanyare, along with fellow fraction leader and Commerce Minister Muss Sudi Yalahow, refused to meet with Prime Minister Ali Mohamed Gedi until the capital was relocated to Mogadishu. At the time, Jowhar, the seat of rival fraction leader Mohammed Dheere, was being considered as a capital seat instead because it was less violent. In early February 2006, Qanyare was pushing an alternate proposal to move the government seat to Baidoa, which irked Dheere greatly.
Qanyare later lost his post after entering into battle with the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) in the Second Battle of Mogadishu.
Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism (ARPCT)
Mohamed Qanyare was a member of the Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism (ARPCT), a group of Mogadishu warlords who sought to counter the growing influence of the ICU. The group was funded by the US CIA. Intermittent fighting between the ARPCT and rivals, including the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) took place early in 2006, such as a four-day battle which concluded on March 27, 2006.[7]
Second Battle of Mogadishu
During the months of May - June, 2006, the ARPCT fought with the ICU for control over the ruined capital. The ARPCT lost, and Qanyare and other warlords were forced to flee or capitulate to the ICU.
On June 5, Qanyare and his forces were forced out of the Deyniile neighborhood. Garam-Garam was the "chief Commander of the militiamen loyal to Mohamed Qanyare" until he surrendered after the Second Battle of Mogadishu.[8] Qanyare was the only warlord in Somalia who have never been supported by Ethiopia. In any regard, after the battle, Qanyare stayed in Somalia while all other warlords defected to Ethiopia.[9]
For Qanyare's disobedience acting against the TFG government in entering into the conflict with the ICU, Qanyare along with other warlords were relieved of their government posts.
Return to Somalia
On July 23, 2006, after regrouping a force of 150 men in Derri in central Somalia and escaping an assassination attempt by the ICU, Qanyare joined the TFG government at Baidoa to seek safe haven. Mohamed Dooli was mentioned as one of Qanyare's militia commanders at this time.[10] Islamists bristled at the news.[11]
Return to Mogadishu
On December 29, after the Fall of Mogadishu to the government, Mohamed Qanyare returned to the capital and made a plea for the federal government to not disarm the militias.[12] On December 31, surrounded in headquarters compound by a dozen technicals, he claimed to have 1,500 men under his command, and asserted government control over Mogadishu was an illusion, owed to the military might of Ethiopia.[13]
Disarmament of Militia
On January 17, 2007, Mohamed Qanyare, along with Muse Sudi Yalahow were the first warlords of Mogadishu to disarm, turning over their weapons and committing their militiamen to the government, though some of Sudi's arms remained in other locations controlled by Qanyare and Mohammed Dhere. The arms were accepted by the chief commander of the government army, General Naji.[14]
References
- ↑ http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/dispatches/features/2008/notes_from_a_failed_state/americas_warlord.html
- ↑ https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33911.pdf
- ↑ http://www.wardheernews.com/articles/october/15_qanyare_abdinini.htm
- ↑ Faction leader joins interim government IRIN
- ↑ Somalia's presidential hopefuls BBC
- ↑ AU Hails Somalia's New Cabinet and its leadership Geeska Afrika
- ↑ SOMALIA: Uneasy calm as guns fall silent in Mogadishu IRIN
- ↑ Warlords lost Mogadishu Control after their militiamen gave in STSSomalia.com
- ↑ Ethiopia: Zenawi's Sea of Lies Geeska Afrika
- ↑ Somalians protest as rebels enter new towns Sapa-AP
- ↑ Somali Islamists Chide Govt AFP
- ↑ "Somalia: News summary for December 29, 2006". SomaliNet. Archived from the original on 17 January 2007. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
- ↑ AP Interview: Former warlord calls government control of Somali capital an illusion Associated Press
- ↑ "Somalia: Warlords lay down weapons". SomaliNet. 17 January 2007. Archived from the original on 14 October 2008. Retrieved 20 November 2015.